University of Washington（华盛顿大学）

Pigeonholing: how bad prompts hurt models, causing collapse and mistakes

鸽笼效应：不良提示导致模型崩溃和犯错

Hyunji Nam, Keertana Chidambaram, Dorottya Demszky, Natasha Jaques

机构 * Stanford University（斯坦福大学） ； University of Washington（华盛顿大学） 纠错

AI总结 研究不良上下文导致大语言模型性能下降和模式崩溃的“鸽笼效应”，发现重复错误答案、收敛于狭窄答案集等问题，并提出RLVR合成错误缓解方法。

Comments 10 pages

The TopCoW Challenge -- Topology-Aware Circle of Willis Segmentation for CT and MR Angiography

TopCoW挑战——用于CT和MR血管造影的拓扑感知Willis环分割

Kaiyuan Yang, Fabio Musio, Yihui Ma, Norman Juchler, Johannes C. Paetzold, Rami Al-Maskari, Luciano Höher, Hongwei Bran Li, Ibrahim Ethem Hamamci, Anjany Sekuboyina, Suprosanna Shit, Houjing Huang, Chinmay Prabhakar, Ezequiel de la Rosa, Bastian Wittmann, Diana Waldmannstetter, Florian Kofler, Fernando Navarro, Martin J. Menten, Ivan Ezhov, Daniel Rueckert, Iris N. Vos, Ynte M. Ruigrok, Birgitta K. Velthuis, Hugo J. Kuijf, Pengcheng Shi, Wei Liu, Ting Ma, Maximilian R. Rokuss, Yannick Kirchhoff, Fabian Isensee, Klaus Maier-Hein, Chengcheng Zhu, Huilin Zhao, Philippe Bijlenga, Julien Hämmerli, Catherine Wurster, Laura Westphal, Jeroen Bisschop, Elisa Colombo, Hakim Baazaoui, Hannah-Lea Handelsmann, Andrew Makmur, James Hallinan, Amrish Soundararajan, Benedikt Wiestler, Jan S. Kirschke, Evamaria O. Riedel, Roland Wiest, Emmanuel Montagnon, Laurent Letourneau-Guillon, Kwanseok Oh, Dahye Lee, Orhun Utku Aydin, Adam Hilbert, Jana Rieger, Dimitrios Rallios, Satoru Tanioka, Alexander Koch, Dietmar Frey, Abdul Qayyum, Moona Mazher, Steven Niederer, Nico Disch, Julius C. Holzschuh, Dominic LaBella, Francesco Galati, Daniele Falcetta, Maria A. Zuluaga, Chaolong Lin, Haoran Zhao, Zehan Zhang, Minghui Zhang, Xin You, Hanxiao Zhang, Guang-Zhong Yang, Yun Gu, Sinyoung Ra, Jongyun Hwang, Hyunjin Park, Junqiang Chen, Marek Wodzinski, Henning Müller, Nesrin Mansouri, Florent Autrusseau, Cansu Yalcin, Rachika E. Hamadache, Clara Lisazo, Joaquim Salvi, Adrià Casamitjana, Xavier Lladó, Uma Maria Lal-Trehan Estrada, Valeriia Abramova, Luca Giancardo, Arnau Oliver, Paula Casademunt, Adrian Galdran, Matteo Delucchi, Oscar Camara, Jialu Liu, Haibin Huang, Yue Cui, Zehang Lin, Yusheng Liu, Shunzhi Zhu, Tatsat R. Patel, Adnan H. Siddiqui, Vincent M. Tutino, Maysam Orouskhani, Huayu Wang, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Yuki Sato, Sven Hirsch, Susanne Wegener, Bjoern Menze

机构 * Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ； Institute of Computational Life Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Waedenswil, Switzerland ； Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ； Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ； Department of Radiology at Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA ； Institute for Tissue Engineering ； School of Computation, Information ； Technology, Technical University of Munich, Germany ； Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA ； School of Medicine ； Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich, Germany ； Munich Center for Machine Learning, Munich, Germany ； Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK ； Image Sciences Institute, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ； Department of Neurology ； Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ； Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ； Electronic \& Information Engineering School, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), China ； Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China ； Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ； Faculty of Mathematics ； Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Germany ； Helmholtz Imaging, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany ； Data Science School for Health, Karlsruhe/Heidelberg, Germany ； Learning Group, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital ； Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA ； Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ； Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland ； Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ； Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada ； Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ； Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore ； University of Chicago, USA ； Department of Diagnostic ； Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Berne ； University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland ； Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada ； DEEPNOID Inc., Seoul, South Korea ； Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea ； Charité Lab for AI in Medicine (CLAIM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ； Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK ； Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK ； Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA ； Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China ； Hangzhou Genlight MedTech Co., Ltd., China ； Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ； Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ； Department of Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea ； Department of Electrical ； Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea ； Shanghai MediWorks Precision Instruments Co., Ltd., China ； Institute of Informatics, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, Switzerland ； Department of Measurement ； Electronics, AGH University of Krakow, Poland ； Laboratoire de Thermique et Energie de Nantes (LTeN), Université Nantes, Polytech’Nantes, Nantes, France ； Research Institute of Computer Vision ； Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA ； Physense, BCN-Medtech, Department of Communication ； Information Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain ； Department of Mathematical Modeling ； Machine Learning, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ； Laboratory of Brain Atlas ； Brain-inspired Intelligence, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ； School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ； School of Computer ； Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China ； Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, NY, USA ； Department of Pathology ； Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY, USA ； Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, NY, USA ； LPIXEL Inc., Tokyo, Japan 纠错

AI总结 组织TopCoW基准挑战，发布含125对MRA和CTA扫描的注释数据集，参与者提交CoW分割和变体分类算法，经评估，最佳算法在多任务中表现出色，证明CoW分割算法对下游临床应用有可解释性效用。

Comments Summary paper for the TopCoW Challenge: 4 figures, 1 table, and supplementary material in appendix. Accepted for publication in NEJM AI. Datasets and best-performing algorithm Dockers are available at https://zenodo.org/records/15692630 and https://zenodo.org/records/15665435

Journal ref NEJM AI 2026;3(8)