University of Toronto（多伦多大学）

CityBehavEx: A Scalable and Empirically Validated LLM-Assisted Urban Simulation Platform

CityBehavEx：一个可扩展且经过实证验证的基于大语言模型的城市模拟平台

Gustavo H. Santos, Aline Viana, Thiago H Silva

机构 * UTFPR（巴拉那联邦理工大学） ； Inria（法国国家信息与自动化研究所） ； University of Toronto（多伦多大学） 纠错

AI总结 CityBehavEx平台针对基于大语言模型的城市模拟器扩展成本高和验证薄弱问题，结合人类出行模型与交叉编码器，实现大规模模拟，能生成更贴合现实的出行模式，还允许用户进行多种操作及验证。

Comments 10 pages, 3 figures

Explaining Temporal Graph Neural Networks via Feature-induced Information Flow

解释时序图神经网络通过特征诱导的信息流

Ping Xiong, Thomas Schnake, Klaus-Robert Müller, Shinichi Nakajima

机构 * Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data – BIFOLD（柏林学习与数据基础研究所） ； Machine Learning Group, Technical University of Berlin（柏林工业大学机器学习组） ； RIKEN AIP（日本理化学研究所革新智能综合研究中心） ； Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University（高丽大学人工智能系） ； Max Planck Institute for Informatics（马克斯·普朗克信息学研究所） ； Department of Chemistry, Chemical Physics Theory Group, University of Toronto（多伦多大学化学系化学物理理论组） ； Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence（向量人工智能研究所） ； Acceleration Consortium, University of Toronto（多伦多大学加速联盟） 纠错

AI总结 提出一种基于归一化相关度量框架的归因方法，通过分析所有事件相关变量的信息流来完整解释事件时序图神经网络，优于现有方法。

Systematicity between Forms and Meanings across Languages Supports Efficient Communication

跨语言形式与意义之间的系统性支持高效沟通

Doreen Osmelak, Yang Xu, Michael Hahn, Kate McCurdy

机构 * Saarland University（萨尔兰大学） ； Department of Computer Science, Cognitive Science Program（计算机科学系、认知科学项目） ； University of Toronto（多伦多大学） 纠错

AI总结 本研究通过分析多语言中动词和代词的语法意义表达，提出基于可学习性的新复杂性度量，揭示了形式与意义之间的系统性关系，为高效沟通理论提供了新连接。

Journal ref Proceedings of the 64th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) (ACL 2026)

A Neurosymbolic Approach to Natural Language Formalization and Verification

一种用于自然语言形式化和验证的神经符号方法

Chenyang An, Sam Bayless, Stefano Buliani, Darion Cassel, Byron Cook, Duncan Clough, Rémi Delmas, Nafi Diallo, Ferhat Erata, Nick Feng, Dimitra Giannakopoulou, Aman Goel, Aditya Gokhale, Joe Hendrix, Victor Heorhiadi, Marc Hudak, Dejan Jovanović, Andrew M. Kent, Benjamin Kiesl-Reiter, Jeffrey J. Kuna, Nadia Labai, Joseph Lilien, Divya Raghunathan, Zvonimir Rakamarić, Niloofar Razavi, Michael Tautschnig, Ali Torkamani, Nathaniel Weir, Michael W. Whalen, Jianan Yao

机构 * Amazon Web Services（亚马逊网络服务） ； University College London（伦敦大学学院） ； University of Toronto（多伦多大学） ； Queen Mary University of London（伦敦大学女王学院） 纠错

AI总结 针对大型语言模型缺乏形式正确性保证的问题，提出神经符号方法ARc，通过使用带人工指导的大型语言模型形式化自然语言政策，并在推理时验证逻辑正确性，实现高健全性和低误报率，还能产生可审计工件。

Comments 28 pages, 11 figures

The TopCoW Challenge -- Topology-Aware Circle of Willis Segmentation for CT and MR Angiography

TopCoW挑战——用于CT和MR血管造影的拓扑感知Willis环分割

Kaiyuan Yang, Fabio Musio, Yihui Ma, Norman Juchler, Johannes C. Paetzold, Rami Al-Maskari, Luciano Höher, Hongwei Bran Li, Ibrahim Ethem Hamamci, Anjany Sekuboyina, Suprosanna Shit, Houjing Huang, Chinmay Prabhakar, Ezequiel de la Rosa, Bastian Wittmann, Diana Waldmannstetter, Florian Kofler, Fernando Navarro, Martin J. Menten, Ivan Ezhov, Daniel Rueckert, Iris N. Vos, Ynte M. Ruigrok, Birgitta K. Velthuis, Hugo J. Kuijf, Pengcheng Shi, Wei Liu, Ting Ma, Maximilian R. Rokuss, Yannick Kirchhoff, Fabian Isensee, Klaus Maier-Hein, Chengcheng Zhu, Huilin Zhao, Philippe Bijlenga, Julien Hämmerli, Catherine Wurster, Laura Westphal, Jeroen Bisschop, Elisa Colombo, Hakim Baazaoui, Hannah-Lea Handelsmann, Andrew Makmur, James Hallinan, Amrish Soundararajan, Benedikt Wiestler, Jan S. Kirschke, Evamaria O. Riedel, Roland Wiest, Emmanuel Montagnon, Laurent Letourneau-Guillon, Kwanseok Oh, Dahye Lee, Orhun Utku Aydin, Adam Hilbert, Jana Rieger, Dimitrios Rallios, Satoru Tanioka, Alexander Koch, Dietmar Frey, Abdul Qayyum, Moona Mazher, Steven Niederer, Nico Disch, Julius C. Holzschuh, Dominic LaBella, Francesco Galati, Daniele Falcetta, Maria A. Zuluaga, Chaolong Lin, Haoran Zhao, Zehan Zhang, Minghui Zhang, Xin You, Hanxiao Zhang, Guang-Zhong Yang, Yun Gu, Sinyoung Ra, Jongyun Hwang, Hyunjin Park, Junqiang Chen, Marek Wodzinski, Henning Müller, Nesrin Mansouri, Florent Autrusseau, Cansu Yalcin, Rachika E. Hamadache, Clara Lisazo, Joaquim Salvi, Adrià Casamitjana, Xavier Lladó, Uma Maria Lal-Trehan Estrada, Valeriia Abramova, Luca Giancardo, Arnau Oliver, Paula Casademunt, Adrian Galdran, Matteo Delucchi, Oscar Camara, Jialu Liu, Haibin Huang, Yue Cui, Zehang Lin, Yusheng Liu, Shunzhi Zhu, Tatsat R. Patel, Adnan H. Siddiqui, Vincent M. Tutino, Maysam Orouskhani, Huayu Wang, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Yuki Sato, Sven Hirsch, Susanne Wegener, Bjoern Menze

机构 * Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ； Institute of Computational Life Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Waedenswil, Switzerland ； Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ； Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ； Department of Radiology at Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA ； Institute for Tissue Engineering ； School of Computation, Information ； Technology, Technical University of Munich, Germany ； Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA ； School of Medicine ； Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich, Germany ； Munich Center for Machine Learning, Munich, Germany ； Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK ； Image Sciences Institute, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ； Department of Neurology ； Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ； Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ； Electronic \& Information Engineering School, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), China ； Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China ； Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ； Faculty of Mathematics ； Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Germany ； Helmholtz Imaging, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany ； Data Science School for Health, Karlsruhe/Heidelberg, Germany ； Learning Group, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital ； Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA ； Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ； Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland ； Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ； Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada ； Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ； Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore ； University of Chicago, USA ； Department of Diagnostic ； Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Berne ； University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland ； Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada ； DEEPNOID Inc., Seoul, South Korea ； Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea ； Charité Lab for AI in Medicine (CLAIM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ； Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK ； Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK ； Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA ； Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China ； Hangzhou Genlight MedTech Co., Ltd., China ； Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ； Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ； Department of Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea ； Department of Electrical ； Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea ； Shanghai MediWorks Precision Instruments Co., Ltd., China ； Institute of Informatics, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, Switzerland ； Department of Measurement ； Electronics, AGH University of Krakow, Poland ； Laboratoire de Thermique et Energie de Nantes (LTeN), Université Nantes, Polytech’Nantes, Nantes, France ； Research Institute of Computer Vision ； Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA ； Physense, BCN-Medtech, Department of Communication ； Information Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain ； Department of Mathematical Modeling ； Machine Learning, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ； Laboratory of Brain Atlas ； Brain-inspired Intelligence, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ； School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ； School of Computer ； Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China ； Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, NY, USA ； Department of Pathology ； Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY, USA ； Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, NY, USA ； LPIXEL Inc., Tokyo, Japan 纠错

AI总结 组织TopCoW基准挑战，发布含125对MRA和CTA扫描的注释数据集，参与者提交CoW分割和变体分类算法，经评估，最佳算法在多任务中表现出色，证明CoW分割算法对下游临床应用有可解释性效用。

Comments Summary paper for the TopCoW Challenge: 4 figures, 1 table, and supplementary material in appendix. Accepted for publication in NEJM AI. Datasets and best-performing algorithm Dockers are available at https://zenodo.org/records/15692630 and https://zenodo.org/records/15665435

Journal ref NEJM AI 2026;3(8)