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Q-BIO定量生物31
2511.04327 2026-06-11 q-bio.PE nlin.AO physics.bio-ph

Feasibility and Single Parameter Scaling of Extinctions in Large Ecological Communities

大规模生态群落中灭绝可行性的单参数标度

Philippe Jacquod

AI总结 研究通过随机矩阵理论分析了大规模生态群落中物种共存的可行性及灭绝触发机制,推导出灭绝概率的解析表达式并提出单参数标度律。

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Journal ref
Phys. Rev. E 113, L62202 (2026)
Comments
Final version; to appear in Phys. Rev. E Letters
AI中文摘要

由广义利克特-沃尔特方程建模的多物种生态系统表现出稳定的种群丰度,其中大量物种往往共存。理解这种共存在何种条件下可行以及触发物种灭绝的因素是理论生态学中的关键问题。通过标准的随机矩阵理论方法,我证明在弱相互作用范围内,物种丰度分布在平衡时呈高斯分布。一个结果是,对于足够多的物种,可行性通常在稳定性之前被破坏。我进一步推导了n=0,1,2,...个物种灭绝的概率解析表达式,并推测物种灭绝遵循单参数标度律。这些结果通过在广泛系统参数范围内的数值模拟得到验证。

英文摘要

Multispecies ecosystems modelled by generalized Lotka-Volterra equations exhibit stationary population abundances, where large number of species often coexist. Understanding the precise conditions under which this is at all feasible and what triggers species extinctions is a key, outstanding problem in theoretical ecology. Using standard methods of random matrix theory, I show that distributions of species abundances are Gaussian at equilibrium, in the weakly interacting regime. One consequence is that feasibility is generically broken before stability, for large enough number of species. I further derive an analytical expression for the probability that $n=0,1,2,...$ species go extinct and conjecture that a single-parameter scaling law governs species extinctions. These results are corroborated by numerical simulations in a wide range of system parameters.