It is a fundamental question why quantum mechanics employs complex numbers rather than solely real numbers. In this work, we conduct the first analysis of imaginarity quantification in neutrino flavor and spin-flavor oscillations. As quantum systems in coherent superposition, neutrinos are ideal candidates for quantifying imaginarity within the resource theoretic framework, using measures such as the $\ell_1$-norm and the relative entropy of imaginarity. We show that in the case of two-flavor mixing, these measures of imaginarity are nonzero. The measures of imaginarity reach their extreme values when the probabilistic features of quantum theory are fully maximized, i.e., both the transitional and survival probabilities are approximately equal. Our study reveals that the imaginarity, as a resource, can be harnessed not solely from the presence of a complex phase in the mixing matrix but also from the intrinsic quantum dynamics of time evolution itself. We further extend our analysis to explore the dynamics of three-flavor neutrino mixing, incorporating the effects of a nonzero $CP$ phase.

A decorated surface S is an oriented topological surface with marked points on the boundary considered modulo the isotopy. We consider the moduli space of hyperbolic structures on S with geodesic boundary, such that the hyperbolic structure near each marked point is a cusp, equipped with a horocycle. This space carries a volume form. Let us fix the set K of distances between the horocycles at the adjacent cusps, and the set L of lengths of boundary circles without cusps. We get a subspace M(S; K,L) with the induced volume form Vol(K,L). However, if the cusps are present, the volume of the space M(S; K,L) is infinite. We introduce the exponential volume form exp(-W)Vol(K,L), where W is a positive function on the moduli space, given by the sum over cusps of the hyperbolic areas enclosed between the cusp and the horocycle at the cusp. We prove that the exponential volume, defined as the integral of the exponential volume form over the moduli space M(S; K,L), is always finite. We suggest that the moduli spaces M(S; K,L) with the exponential volume forms are the true analogs of the classical moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces, with the Weil-Petersson volume forms. In particular, they should be relevant to the open string theory. We support this by proving an unfolding formula for the integrals of measurable functions multiplied by the exponential volume form. It expresses them as finite sums of similar integrals over moduli spaces for simpler surfaces. They generalise Mirzakhani's recursions for the volumes of moduli spaces of hyperbolic surfaces. We show that exponential volumes for elementary decorated surfaces give rise to a commutative algebra E, which we call the positive Hecke-Whittaker algebra for PGL(2,R). Exponential volumes for all decorated surfaces and unfolding formulas extend the algebra E to all decorated surfaces.

Sizeable primordial curvature perturbations needed to seed a population of primordial black holes (PBHs) will be accompanied by a scalar-induced gravitational wave signal that can be detectable by pulsar timing arrays (PTA). We derive conservative bounds on the amplitude of the scalar power spectrum at the PTA frequencies and estimate the implied constraints on the PBH abundance. We show that only a small fraction of dark matter can consist of stellar mass PBHs. The strength and the shape of the constraint depend on the shape of the power spectrum and the nature of the non-Gaussianities. We find that constraints on the PBH abundance arise in the mass range $0.1-10^3\, M_{\odot}$, with the sub-solar mass range being constrained only for narrow curvature power spectra. These constraints are softened when positive non-Gaussianity is introduced and can be eliminated when $f_{\rm NL} \gtrsim 5$. On the other hand, if the PBH abundance is computed via the theory of peaks, the PTA constraints on PBHs are relaxed, signalling once more the theoretical uncertainties in assessing the PBH abundance. We further discuss how strong positive non-Gaussianites can allow for heavy PBHs to potentially seed supermassive BHs.

Major players in the global aerospace industry are shifting their focus toward achieving net carbon-neutral operations by 2050. A considerable portion of the overall carbon emission reduction is expected to come from new aircraft technologies, such as flight path optimization. In pursuing these sustainability objectives, we delve into the capacity of quantum computing to tackle computational challenges associated with flight path optimization, an essential operation within the aerospace engineering domain with important ecological and economic considerations. In recent years, the quantum computing field has made significant strides, paving the way for improved performance over classical algorithms. In order to effectively apply quantum algorithms in real-world scenarios, it is crucial to thoroughly examine and tackle the intrinsic overheads and constraints that exist in the present implementations of these algorithms. Our study delves into the application of quantum computers in flight path optimization problems and introduces a customizable modular framework designed to accommodate specific simulation requirements. We examine the running time of a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm across various quantum architectures and their simulations on CPUs and GPUs. A temporal comparison between the conventional classical algorithm and its quantum-improved counterpart indicates that achieving the theoretical speedup in practice may necessitate further innovation. We present our results from running the quantum algorithms on IBM hardware and discuss potential approaches to accelerate the incorporation of quantum algorithms within the problem domain.

Given any pair of quantum channels $Φ_1,Φ_2$ such that at least one of them has Kraus rank one, as well as any respective Stinespring isometries $V_1,V_2$, we prove that there exists a unitary $U$ on the environment such that $\|V_1-({\bf1}\otimes U)V_2\|_\infty\leq\sqrt{2\|Φ_1-Φ_2\|_\diamond}$. Moreover, we provide a simple example which shows that the factor $\sqrt2$ on the right-hand side is optimal, and we conjecture that this inequality holds for every pair of channels.

We present general reduction procedures for Courant, Dirac and generalized complex structures, in particular when a group of symmetries is acting. We do so by taking the graded symplectic viewpoint on Courant algebroids and carrying out graded symplectic reduction, both in the coisotropic and hamiltonian settings. Specializing the latter to the exact case, we recover in a systematic way the reduction schemes of Bursztyn-Cavalcanti-Gualtieri.

Backside power-delivery-network (BSPDN) schemes require wafer-to-wafer bonding steps that do not leave high order shape changes or localized stresses in the bonded stack to ensure that these don't get transferred to the thinned wafer for further lithographic exposure. However, bonding mechanics involve strong adhesive forces which can inherently create localized distortions that lithography tools must eventually compensate. Some contributors to grid distortion of the target wafer are, method of bond initiation, bond front velocity variations, and lack of symmetry between the wafers. In this work, we evaluate a low-distortion bonding approach in the SUSS XBA tool, where some of these contributors are tackled at the source, namely by initiating the bond without a localized external force, and keeping the wafers compliant & symmetric during bonding. Wafers are bonded with a slight pre-stress due to controlled gas pressure applied over the whole backside of the wafers throughout bonding. Wafer-shape measurements of the bonded stacks are used to perform gradient-based in-plane-displacements (IPD) modelling to estimate bonding-induced grid distortion. Dense scanner metrology is used on patterned-bonded wafers to confirm the location and severity of distortion predictions from patterned wafer geometry (PWG) measurements. On the PWG distortion maps and scanner grid readouts, we perform alignment and CPE modelling with different field layouts. Sub-10 nm levels of residual grid distortion are achievable with relatively low-order correction models, and less than or equal to 3 nm by using advanced CPE models. These results demonstrate that pneumatically warped bonding yields low-distortion bonded stacks, and that simple process tuning can decouple the dominant distortion source from edge-related variability.

Rare $α$-particle-induced charge clusters appear in LSST images as compact, PSF-like sources with a median FWHM of $0.\!\!^{\prime\prime}95$ and median ellipticity consistent with zero, closely resembling unresolved astrophysical point sources. These events are detected in both dark and science exposures at a rate of approximately $10^{-12}\ \mathrm{pixel}^{-1}\ \mathrm{s}^{-1}$. Their collected charge and morphology are consistent with energy deposition from $\sim$5 MeV $α$-particles in silicon CCDs, and their spatial distribution across the focal plane suggests a localized material origin, plausibly associated with trace radioactive contamination in the cryostat aluminum. Despite their deceptive appearance, we demonstrate that a simple broadness statistic based on fourth-order moments cleanly separates these events from stellar PSFs, enabling efficient rejection in coadded images and real-time alert streams. Such charge clusters do not impose an intrinsic bright-end contamination floor for Rubin transient searches, as genuine fast astrophysical events would exhibit characteristically different morphological signatures.

Harmonics in pulsating stars have traditionally been regarded as mere Fourier artifacts, fully determined by their parent mode. Recent observations of high-amplitude $δ$ Scuti stars, however, have revealed the existence of disharmonized harmonics, which exhibit amplitude and frequency variations uncorrelated with their parent pulsation mode. Here we test the universality of this phenomenon by examining a class of stars long considered pulsationally stable: non-Blazhko RRab stars. Using short-cadence {\it Kepler} photometric data, we not only identify a distinct hump structure formed by harmonics of the primary pulsation mode in their frequency spectra, but also find significant amplitude and frequency variations associated with the harmonics around the onset and in the tail of the hump structure. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that the hump structure originates from the turbulent convective envelope of the star. Interestingly, several important phenomena can be understood within this framework as a working hypothesis. Thus, the hump structure of harmonics and their intrinsic variability could constitute a hidden window into the stellar convective envelope, potentially tracing energy injection at the convection-pulsation interaction and stochastic perturbations from turbulent convection -- although detailed modeling is required to confirm this interpretation.

As the largest and most recently formed stage of hierarchical structure, present-day galaxy clusters are predicted to have a broad range of late-time assembly histories. This diversity may explain much of the scatter in scaling relations and other cluster properties. Observationally, systems with more or less recent accretion should appear as unrelaxed and relaxed clusters, respectively. However, it is unclear which of the many possible structural measures best correlate with assembly history. Using the IllustrisTNG simulations, we explore the correlation between structural parameters and assembly history. To assess the effectiveness of different structural selection criteria, we define subsamples of the most and least relaxed clusters based on the values of various intrinsic, projected, and stellar structural parameters, and then compare the median assembly history of the subsamples in each case. We find that several observable quantities, including the magnitude gap between the brightest galaxies and the asymmetry of the stellar mass distribution, are very effective in selecting cluster samples with more or less recent accretion, even when applied in projection. Given the strong correlations between assembly history and present-day cluster structure, we suggest that structural classification be included explicitly in any analysis of catalogue completeness, scaling relations, or mean density profiles.

We present a data-efficient framework for constructing general classical spin Hamiltonians by combining the spin-cluster expansion (SCE) with fully self-consistent noncollinear spin density functional theory (DFT). The key idea is to fit the SCE model to magnetic torques rather than to total energies. Because torques are site-resolved vectors, each spin configuration provides many informative regression targets, improving conditioning and substantially reducing the number of required DFT calculations, especially for large supercells. Applied to the B20-type chiral magnets ${\rm Mn}_{1-x}{\rm Fe}_{x}{\rm Ge}$ and ${\rm Fe}_{1-y}{\rm Co}_{y}{\rm Ge}$, the resulting SCE models determine full pairwise exchange tensors -- including isotropic exchange, symmetric anisotropic exchange, and the Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction -- and predict the helical spin period via a micromagnetic mapping. The composition trends and the divergence of the period at the chirality sign-change point are well reproduced, in agreement with experiment. Moreover, the systematic nature of SCE enables controlled assessment of interaction order: as the training spin configurations become more disordered, the lowest-order model loses torque accuracy, whereas including higher-order interactions restores predictive power. These advances enable near-DFT-accurate spin models for finite-temperature magnetism and complex spin textures at modest computational cost, providing an extensible route to quantitative first-principles parameterization and predictive materials design. An open-source implementation is available as a Julia package, \textit{Magesty.jl}.

An atomic Josephson junction realized with dipolar bosons in a double-well potential can be described by an extended Bose-Hubbard model in which dipolar interactions generate an effective on-site interaction and nearest-neighbor pair tunneling. Using mean-field theory and exact diagonalization, we investigate how this correlated process affects zero-temperature equilibrium and dynamical properties of the system. In equilibrium, we show that pair tunneling induces ground-state parity modulations and significantly reshapes the phase diagram, producing qualitative changes in the quantum phase transitions toward NOON and phase-NOON states, as well as quantitative shifts of the critical points. Out of equilibrium, we demonstrate that it modifies the conditions for macroscopic quantum self-trapping, and assess its impact by comparing mean-field and fully quantum evolution, including the emergence of dynamical quantum phase transitions.

Urban venues serve as arenas for social mixing. While residential and activity-space segregation have been extensively studied, less is known about how the spatial structure of cities, particularly public transit infrastructure, shapes the geography of social mixing at specific locations. This study examines how transit accessibility associates with visitor diversity -- the compositional heterogeneity of visitors sharing a venue, used here as an indicator of social mixing potential -- at points of interest (POIs) in nine cities in Sweden and three cities in the United States (New York, Washington DC, Atlanta). Using mobile phone GPS data in 2024, we compute visitor diversity indices based on the birth background composition of visitors' home neighborhoods. Transit catchment diversity positively predicts visitor diversity, but this association is robust only in the largest metropolitan areas; in smaller Swedish cities, the coefficient attenuates to insignificance once geographic catchment composition, centrality, and venue density are controlled. Transit-diversity hotspots concentrate not in already diverse venues, but in lower-diversity POIs with lower commercial density, greater distance from transit in US cities, and greater centrality in Sweden. These patterns are consistent with transit infrastructure playing a bridging role, linking diverse populations to venues where alternative pathways are limited.

In contrast to the sequence dependent elasticity of the DNA strand, which is revealed as nonlocal and nonlinear, the geometric constraints derived by differential geometry have not been fully elaborated in DNA strand dynamics, even though these constraints contribute independently to the quantification of related energetics. In this paper, the geometrical constraints on the base pair wise resolution in a curved DNA strand are derived separately from its elasticity, addressing the deformation characteristics during superhelix formation around a simplified core structure, which is the quintessential step in DNA packaging. The constraints derived from the given helicity of DNA strand characterize the conditional affinity for curvature formation, thereby specifying the bend-twist ratio required for superhelix formation. The result includes the conditional kurtosis, which is the deformation perpendicular to the plane defined by the curved strand, determining the height of the superhelix. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation validates the description of the curvature formation process and its sequence dependent affinity.

We investigate the partonic origin of the proton longitudinal spin using spin-dependent energy correlators measured in lepton-hadron collisions with longitudinally polarized proton beams. These observables encode angular correlations in energy flow and are sensitive to the spin-momentum structure of confined partons. Using soft-collinear effective theory, we analyze the correlation patterns in both nearly back-to-back and forward limits, which establishes a direct correspondence with longitudinally polarized transverse momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs) and nucleon energy correlators (NECs). The TMDs and NECs allow consistent matching onto hard radiation regions and provide a comprehensive description of the transition from perturbative parton branching to nonperturbative confinement. Using renormalization group evolution, we obtain joint next-to-next-to-next-to-leading and next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic quantitative predictions for spin-dependent energy correlation patterns in the current and target fragmentation regions. The framework provides new theoretical insight into how the internal motion and spin of partons contribute to the formation of the proton longitudinal spin and offers an experimental paradigm for probing the interplay between color confinement and spin dynamics at the forthcoming Electron-Ion Collider.

Stochastic methods offer an effective way to suppress coherent errors in quantum simulation. In particular, the randomized compilation protocol may reduce circuit depth by randomly sampling Hamiltonian terms rather than following the deterministic Trotter-Suzuki sequence. However, its fixed sampling distribution does not adapt to the dynamics of the system, limiting its accuracy. In this work, we propose a fluctuation-guided adaptive algorithm that adaptively updates sampling probabilities based on fluctuations of Hamiltonian terms to achieve higher simulation fidelity. Remarkably, the protocol renders an intuitive physical understanding: Hamiltonian terms with greater sensitivity to the state evolution should be prioritized during sampling. The overload of measuring fluctuations necessary for updating the sampling probability is affordable, and can be further largely reduced by classical shadows. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method with numeral simulations across discrete-variable, continuous-variable and hybrid-variable systems.

We investigate the Magnus expansion for a generic time-dependent two-level system under single-axis driving.By virtue of the su(2) Lie algebra, the expansion is decomposed into a commutator-free form. To illustrate the usefulness of the gained expression, we then revisit the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana model, with a focus on non-adiabatic transitions as well as the Stokes phase. In addition, the semiclassical Rabi model is systematically treated by determining the Floquet quasienergy up to different orders. We demonstrate how to employ suitable picture transformations as well as on how to enforce the symmetry of the underlying model in order to guarantee convergence of the expansion as well as to achieve satisfactory agreement with the exact results. For both models that we studied it turns out that a third order approximation yields results that are in next to perfect agreement with exact analytical ones. Surprisingly, in the case of the semiclassical Rabi model, even the second order Magnus approximation in the adiabatic picture produces almost exact results for a large parameter range.

In this paper, we introduce the radio frequency interference monitor deployed at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory. It provides 2 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth, supporting channel bandwidths as fine as ~100 Hz for 1 s integrations, or integration times as low as ~50 ms for the standard 3.33 kHz channel bandwidth. After operating as a prototype instrument for several years, the monitor was commissioned to improve the calibration method, analog section temperature, and gain stability. It now operates both as a transient detector and as a long-term radio environment characterization tool. We introduce novel applications for the monitor and derive a new method for calculating the effect of gain drift on integrated data.

In recent years, ultracold atomic gases confined in curved geometries have attracted considerable theoretical interest. This is motivated by recent realizations of bubble traps in microgravity conditions, which open the possibility of investigating quantum many-body physics beyond the conventional flat-space paradigm. The theoretical interest up to now was mainly focused on Bose gases and their phenomenology, and has left the study of Fermi gases behind. In this paper, we investigate a two-component repulsive Fermi gas constrained to the surface of a sphere at finite temperature. We first analyze the non-interacting case, showing how the intrinsic geometrical features of the spherical surface give rise to a shell structure and modify the low-temperature thermodynamics compared to the flat two-dimensional gas. Repulsive interactions are then considered through an effective path-integral approach within a Hartree-Fock mean-field approximation, enabling us to derive the grand canonical potential and to regularize the associated Matsubara summation. We then investigate the stability of the spin-balanced state and obtain the finite-temperature Stoner criterion for fermions on a sphere, highlighting the interplay between the repulsive interactions and shell effects.

Jet quenching is a phenomenon in heavy-ion collisions arising from jet interactions with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Its study is complicated by the interplay of multiple physics processes that affect jet observables. In addition, detector effects may influence the results and must be accounted for when identifying quenched jets. We employ a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network trained on jet substructure, incorporating parton shower history, to predict jet-by-jet quenching levels. Using photon-jet samples from the \textsc{Jewel} event generator, we show that the LSTM predictions strongly correlate with true jet energy loss. This validates that the model effectively learns the features of jet-QGP interaction. We simulate detector effects using \textsc{Delphes} simulation framework and demonstrate that the method identifies quenching effects in a realistic environment. We test the approach with photon-jet momentum imbalance, jet fragmentation function, and jet shape, which were not included in the training, confirming its ability to distinguish true quenching features.

We investigate the holographic Schwinger effect in a confining background with a step dilaton profile, which induces a sharp transition between ultraviolet and infrared regimes and provides a qualitatively distinct realization of confinement. Within this framework, the quark--antiquark potential is extracted from the classical configuration of a fundamental string, allowing for a direct analysis of vacuum instability and pair production. In the absence of a magnetic field, the step dilaton leads to a significantly sharper suppression of the potential barrier as the electric field increases, implying an enhanced sensitivity of the critical electric field compared to smooth soft-wall models and demonstrating that the abrupt geometric transition qualitatively enhances the onset of vacuum decay. Incorporating an external magnetic field through the Dirac--Born--Infeld action, we find a nontrivial and amplified deformation of the potential barrier, resulting in a pronounced shift of the critical electric field that depends on both the magnitude and orientation of the magnetic field. Overall, the step dilaton background exhibits a substantially stronger response of the Schwinger effect to external electromagnetic fields than conventional soft-wall models, providing a novel mechanism for controlling pair production and highlighting the crucial role of dilaton structure in non-perturbative dynamics of holographic QCD.

Active particles exhibit self-propulsion, leading to transport behavior that differs fundamentally from passive Brownian motion. In confined or structured domains, activity strongly influence escape probabilities and first-passage behavior. Understanding these effects is essential for describing transport in biological microenvironments, microfluidic devices, and heterogeneous media. In this work, leveraging the backward Fokker--Planck equation, we investigate the splitting probability of chiral active Brownian particles in confined domains, focusing on both a one-dimensional interval and a two-dimensional corrugated channel. Analytical solutions are derived for the one-dimensional case in various asymptotic regimes. In corrugated channels with small aspect ratios, we develop a Fick--Jacobs reduction that yields effective transport equations along the axial direction, whereas for finite aspect ratios, the splitting dynamics are characterized numerically. We demonstrate how channel geometry, particle activity, and chirality modulate the likelihood of escape through different boundaries. Our results provide quantitative predictions for the transport of active matter in complex environments and highlight the interplay between confinement and activity.

While proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-based surrogates are widely explored for hydrodynamic applications, the use of Koopman autoencoders for real-world coastal-ocean modelling remains relatively limited. This paper introduces a flexible Koopman autoencoder formulation that incorporates meteorological forcings and boundary conditions, and systematically compares its performance against POD-based surrogates. The Koopman autoencoder employs a learned linear temporal operator in latent space, enabling eigenvalue regularization to promote temporal stability. This strategy is evaluated alongside temporal unrolling techniques for achieving stable and accurate long-term predictions. The models are assessed on three test cases spanning distinct dynamical regimes, with prediction horizons up to one year at 30-minute temporal resolution. Across all cases, the reduced order surrogates with temporal unrolling achieve high accuracy with relative root-mean-squared-errors of 0.0068-0.14 and $R^2$-values of 0.61-0.995, where prediction errors are largest for current velocities, and smallest for water surface elevations. In two of the three cases, the Koopman Autoencoder have higher accuracy than the POD-based surrogates. Comparing to in-situ observations, the surrogate yields -0.64% to 12% increase in water surface elevation prediction error when compared to prediction errors of the physics-based model. These error levels, corresponding to a few centimeters, are acceptable for many practical applications, while inference speed-ups of 300-1400x enables workflows such as ensemble forecasting and long climate simulations for coastal-ocean modelling.

A strange metal is an exotic state of correlated quantum matter; intensive efforts are ongoing to decipher its nature. Here we explore whether the quantum Fisher information (QFI), a concept from quantum metrology, can provide new insight. We use inelastic neutron scattering and quantum Monte Carlo simulations to study a Kondo destruction quantum critical point, where strange metallicity is associated with fluctuations beyond a Landau order parameter. We find that the QFI probed away from magnetic Bragg peaks, where the effect of magnetic ordering is minimized, increases strongly and without a characteristic scale as the strange metal forms with decreasing temperature, evidencing its unusual entanglement properties. Our work opens a new direction for studies across strange metal platforms.

We present a theoretical analysis of the WDW approach to quantum cosmology extended to gravity theories with torsion. The dynamics of the FLRW universe is formulated as a classical Hamiltonian problem of point particle mechanics. Unlike in the WDW formalism, the Hamiltonian is not zero, though, and the 3rd quantization does not enforce the cosmic time to vanish. The wave function of the Universe appears as a superposition of eigenfunctions of the quantum Hamiltonian with the cosmic time being the conjugate to its eigenvalues, spatial curvatures. The notion of weak measurement is then introduced to avoid the collapse of the total universal wave function upon measurements of the parameter set describing matter and spacetime. The collapse postulate of the standard Copenhagen quantum theory is discussed and the de Broglie-Bohm interpretation of the effective wave function introduced. The question of the boundary conditions for both, the wave function and the Bohmian guidance equation, is addressed. The corresponding numerical calculations will be published in a separate paper.

Nuclear isomers can have significant impacts on astrophysical nucleosynthesis processes, with recent efforts demonstrating that the population of isomeric states with different half-lives may require separate treatment in reaction networks to accurately capture the differences in heating or in identifiable electromagnetic signals. Several potential so-called ``astromers'' in tin and antimony isotopes near doubly-magic $^{132}$Sn were identified and direct mass measurements of their ground and isomeric states were performed with the Canadian Penning Trap at Argonne National Laboratory's CARIBU facility, and their impact on astrophysical reaction rates and in reaction networks calculated. It was found that $^{129g,m}$Sn, with measured mass excesses of $-80 593.2(25)$ keV and $-80 557.4(25)$ keV, respectively, and an excitation energy of $35.8(35)$ keV, behaves as an astromer during neutron capture in the $i$-process and in the $r$-process.

We investigate how noise impacts nonstabilizerness - a key resource for quantum advantage - in many-body qubit systems. While noise typically degrades quantum resources, we show that amplitude damping, a nonunital channel, can generate or enhance magic, whereas depolarizing noise provably cannot. In an encoding-decoding protocol, we find that, unlike in the coherent-noise case, a sharp decoding fidelity transition is not accompanied by a transition in nonstabilizerness. Although amplitude damping locally injects magic, this resource is washed out at the collective level after encoding, decoding, and postselection. Our results reveal that realistic incoherent noise can suppress many-body magic criticality even while generating it microscopically.

In this work, we prove the equivalence between the zero distributions of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) and a two-dimensional (2D) Ising model with a mixture of ferromagnetic and randomly distributed competing interactions. At first, we review briefly the characteristics of the Riemann hypothesis and its connections to physics, in particular, to statistical physics. Second, we build a 2D Ising model, M_(FI+SGI)^2D, in which interactions between the nearest neighboring spins are ferromagnetic along one crystallographic direction while competing ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic interactions are randomly distributed along another direction. Third, we prove that all energy eigenvalues of this 2D Ising model M_(FI+SGI)^2D are real and randomly distributed as the Möbius function μ(n), the Dirichlet L(s,\c{hi}_k ) function as well as the Riemann zeta function ζ(s). Fourth, we prove that the eigenvectors of the 2D Ising model M_(FI+SGI)^2D are constructed by the eigenvectors of the 1D Ising model with phases related to the Riemann zeta function ζ(s), via the relation ω(γ_2j) between the angle ω and the energy eigenvalues γ_2j, which form the Hilbert-Pólya space. Fifth, we prove that all the zeros of the partition function of the 2D Ising model M_(FI+SGI)^2D lie on an unit circle in a complex temperature plane (i.e. Fisher zeros), which can be mapped to the zero distribution of the Dirichlet L(s,\c{hi}_k ) function and also the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) in the critical line. In a conclusion, we have proven the closure of the nontrivial zero distribution of the L(s,\c{hi}_k ) function (including the Riemann zeta function ζ(s)).

We study the thermodynamics of the (2+1) dimensional Gross-Neveu model inspired from graphene. We focus on the entropy density of the Gaussian fluctuation beyond the mean field. The full in-medium, momentum-dependent evaluation reveals that the fluctuations give a substantial contribution, even comparable to that of the mean field. We argue that the back-reaction from the fluctuations to the mean field should be included, which reduces the contribution mainly coming from the Landau-damping region. To treat this self-consistently, we use the generalized version of the Beth-Uhlenbeck approach for the entropy density. Compared with the standard Beth-Uhlenbeck formulation, the generalized version suppresses the low-energy contributions while preserving the bound-state effects. The fractional entropy carried by bound excitons and free fermions reveals a sharper crossover of the degrees of freedom in the generalized version, which is consistent with Mott-transition physics in two-dimensional materials.

We construct generating functions of five- and six-point correlators up to two loops at weak 't Hooft coupling in planar N=4 SYM. These generating functions unify the correlators of the lightest scalar operator in the stress-tensor multiplet with those of all higher R-charge single-trace half-BPS scalar operators, thereby extending previous results for four-point loop integrands. At the integrated level, they are represented as sums of conformal integrals with coefficients exhibiting ten-dimensional poles that combine spacetime and R-charge distances. Our results show that higher-order poles are captured by products of lower-point generating functions. We also extract new OPE data on spinning structure constants, and compare these to integrability-based computations, finding good agreement.