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2606.12078 2026-06-11 eess.SP cs.SY eess.SY 新提交

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Power Allocation in ISAC Systems with Mobile Target

面向移动目标的ISAC系统中自适应功率分配的深度强化学习

Zhilin Fu, Sangmin Kim, Sangwon Hwang, Jihwan Moon, Jeongwon Kim, Jaewan Kim, Inkyu Lee

AI总结 针对跟踪移动目标的集成感知与通信系统,提出基于软演员-评论家的深度强化学习方法,结合狄利克雷策略设计奖励函数,实现动态功率分配以提升跟踪性能并维持通信性能。

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AI中文摘要

本文研究跟踪移动目标的集成感知与通信(ISAC)系统的功率分配问题。我们首先将问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程,然后采用基于软演员-评论家(SAC)的深度强化学习(DRL)方法进行处理。我们还结合了狄利克雷策略,该策略在随机目标运动下自然产生归一化的连续动作。为了利用感知和通信操作的不同特征,我们精心设计了奖励函数,使得系统能够动态控制功率分配以节约资源。仿真结果表明,与其他基线相比,所提方案在维持通信性能的同时提升了跟踪性能。

英文摘要

In this paper, we study the power allocation for an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system which tracks a mobile target. We first model the problem as a Markov decision process, and then tackle it with a soft actor-critic (SAC) based deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach. We also combine a Dirichlet policy, which naturally produces normalized continuous actions under random target motion. To exploit different features of sensing and communication operations, we carefully design a reward function such that the system can dynamically control power allocation to conserve resources. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme enhances tracking performance compared to other baselines while sustaining communication performance.

2606.12076 2026-06-11 astro-ph.GA 新提交

X-ray luminosity function of Compton-thick AGN in the early Universe (z > 3). Robustness and biases of the CTK population

早期宇宙(z > 3)中康普顿厚AGN的X射线光度函数:CTK星族的稳健性与偏差

Angel Ruiz, Ektoras Pouliasis, Ioannis Georgantopoulos

AI总结 利用高红移X射线选AGN大样本,通过X射线谱拟合和红外先验更新NH后验,发现CTK AGN在3<z<6占总AGN的17%,且CTK比例无显著演化。

Comments 19 pages, A&A Accepted

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AI中文摘要

康普顿厚(CTK)AGN星族代表了超大质量黑洞增长中一个关键但难以捉摸的阶段。限制它们在高红移的丰度和演化对于理解超大质量黑洞增长和宇宙X射线背景的起源至关重要。我们利用高红移X射线选AGN的最大可用样本之一(包含来自XMM-Newton XXL-N和Chandra CCLS及CDF-S/N巡天的811个源),研究了z>3处CTK AGN的X射线光度函数(XLF)。我们首先通过X射线谱拟合选出了一个包含十个高概率CTK候选源的子样本。通过SED建模检查其多波段性质,以评估CTK分类的稳健性。对于大多数源,推断的X射线光度与红外光度相比显得过高。在用红外信息先验更新NH后验后,只有三个源仍与CTK状态一致。为了计算整个CTK AGN星族的XLF,我们使用24微米测光来估计红外光度,并更新所有剩余源的X射线后验。纳入红外先验系统地降低了推断的CTK数密度,得到了更保守且物理上一致的XLF估计。我们发现CTK AGN在3<z<6占总AGN星族的17%,与较低红移的结果一致。我们的分析显示,直到z约6,CTK比例没有统计显著的演化,表明最严重遮蔽的吸积阶段在宇宙历史中一直是黑洞增长的持久组成部分。虽然整体遮蔽AGN比例(NH > 1e23 cm-2)随红移增加而上升,但稳定的CTK比例支持这样的解释:在这些时期,典型宿主星系中的星际介质无法产生CTK水平的遮蔽。

英文摘要

The population of Compton-thick (CTK) AGN represents a critical yet elusive phase in the growth of supermassive black holes. Constraining their abundance and evolution at high z is essential for understanding both SMBH growth and the origin of the cosmic X-ray background. We investigate the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of CTK AGN at z > 3 using one of the largest available samples of X-ray-selected AGN at high z, containing 811 sources from XMM-Newton XXL-N and Chandra CCLS and CDF-S/N surveys. We first selected a subsample of ten high-probability CTK candidates, identified through x-ray spectral fitting. Their multiwavelength properties are examined through SED modelling to assess the robustness of their CTK classification. For most sources, the inferred X-ray luminosities appear overestimated when compared with their IR luminosities. After updating the NH posteriors with IR-informed priors, only three sources remain consistent with the CTK regime. To compute the XLF for the entire CTK AGN population, we used 24 microns photometry to estimate IR luminosities and update the X-ray posteriors for all the remaining sources. Incorporating IR priors systematically reduces the inferred CTK number densities, yielding a more conservative and physically consistent estimate of the XLF. We find that CTK AGN constitute 17 per cent of the total AGN population at 3 < z < 6, consistent with results at lower z. Our analysis reveals no statistically significant evolution in the CTK fraction up to z about 6, suggesting that the most heavily obscured accretion phase remains a persistent component of black hole growth throughout cosmic history. While the overall obscured AGN fraction (NH > 1e23 cm-2) increases toward higher redshifts, the stable CTK fraction supports the interpretation that, at these epochs, the interstellar medium in typical host galaxies cannot produce CTK levels of obscuration.

2606.12067 2026-06-11 physics.optics 新提交

Low-symmetry lattices of non-chiral meta-atoms for resonant handedness-preserving reflection

非手性超原子的低对称晶格用于共振手性保持反射

Anastasia Pozharkova, Oleg Blokhin, Sergey A. Dyakov, Denis G. Baranov

AI总结 本文通过数值和理论分析,研究了由高对称非手性超原子构成的低对称周期晶格(菱形和单斜晶格)实现共振手性保持反射的潜力,并分析了其鲁棒性。

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AI中文摘要

反射时保持光学辐射手性的镜子是设计众多具有对映体区分能力的共振纳米光子结构的基本构件。普通的金属和布拉格介质镜在此背景下不适用,因为它们会在法向入射附近反射时翻转电磁场的手性。尽管在开发此类反射结构方面取得了显著进展,但这一研究领域在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这里,我们详细数值和理论分析了由高对称非手性超原子构成的低对称周期晶格用于手性保持(HP)共振反射的潜力。通过全波数值模拟,我们分析了一系列由圆形介质盘和/或孔组成的菱形和单斜(斜方)晶格,并在每个晶格中确定了近乎完美的HP反射区域。我们研究了这些结构对几何偏差、材料损耗和入射角的鲁棒性。最后,我们使用耦合模理论形式描述了这些结构的共振HP响应。

英文摘要

Mirrors that preserve the handedness of optical radiation upon reflection are an essential building block for the design of numerous resonant nanophotonic structures with capabilities for enantiomeric discrimination. Ordinary metallic and Bragg dielectric mirrors are not suitable in these context since they flip handedness of electromagnetic field upon reflection around normal incidence. While there has been considerable progress in the development of such reflecting structures, this research area remains largely unexplored. Here, we present a detailed numerical and theoretical analysis of the potential of low-symmetry periodic lattices composed of high-symmetry non-chiral meta-atoms for resonant reflection with handedness preservation (HP). Using full-wave numerical simulations, we analyze a family of rhombic and monoclinic (oblique) lattices of circular dielectric disks and/or holes, and in each identify the regime of near-perfect HP reflection. We study the robustness of these structures to geometric deviations, material losses, and incidence angle. Finally, we describe the resonant HP response of these structures using the coupled-mode theory formalism.

2606.12064 2026-06-11 cs.SE cs.CR 新提交

Undefined Behavior in C and C++: An Experiment With Desktop Use Cases

C和C++中的未定义行为:桌面使用场景的实验

Jukka Ruohonen, Krzysztof Sierszecki

AI总结 通过编译器实现的未定义行为检测器,实验发现Linux桌面环境下C/C++程序普遍存在未定义行为,59个任务产生近1.1万条警告,多数来自Mesa图形库和GUI交互。

Comments Submitted

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AI中文摘要

未定义行为是C和C++编程中的惯用现象;这类行为是指使用了语言不施加任何要求的错误程序构造,例如整数溢出。本文通过实证实验,探究在Linux发行版的典型桌面使用中,底层执行的未定义行为的程度。分析基于编译器中实现的未定义行为检测器。根据结果,未定义行为很常见。通过完成59个简单的实验任务,由32个用C或C++编写的独特程序和库生成了近1.1万条独特的未定义行为警告。其中,大多数警告与Mesa图形库相关,并通过与图形用户界面交互产生。仅登录GNOME桌面环境就生成了超过500条独特警告。在所有警告中,绝大多数是关于虚表指针的。相关的堆栈跟踪通常也很长。凭借这些及其他结果,本文为关于C和C++的实证文献做出了贡献。

英文摘要

Undefined behavior is idiomatic to C and C++ programming; such behavior is a use of an erroneous program construct for which the languages impose no requirements, such as integer overflows. The paper presents an empirical experiment seeking to probe the extent of undefined behavior executing underneath typical desktop use of a Linux distribution. The analysis is based on an undefined behavior sanitizer implemented in a compiler. According to the results, undefined behavior is common. By completing 59 simple experimental tasks, nearly 11 thousand unique undefined behavior warnings were generated by 32 unique programs and libraries written in C or C++. Of these warnings, most were associated with the Mesa graphics library and generated by interacting with graphical user interfaces. Merely logging into the GNOME desktop environment generated over 500 unique warnings. Of all warnings, the clear majority was about virtual table pointers. The associated stack traces were also lengthy in general. With these and other results, the paper contributes to the empirical literature on C and C++.

2606.12063 2026-06-11 math.DG 新提交

Optimal geometric estimates for compact Kähler manifolds of a Nash entropy bound

Nash熵界紧凯勒流形的最优几何估计

Weiqi Zhang, Yashan Zhang

AI总结 本文针对具有一致有界q-Nash熵的紧凯勒流形,证明了具有最优指数的Sobolev型不等式和局部体积非坍塌性。

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AI中文摘要

我们证明了对于具有一致有界$q$-Nash熵的紧凯勒流形,具有最优指数的Sobolev型不等式和局部体积非坍塌性。

英文摘要

We prove Sobolev-type inequality and local volume noncollapsing with optimal exponents for compact Kähler manifolds of uniformly bounded $q$-Nash entropy.

2606.12062 2026-06-11 cond-mat.soft cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.flu-dyn 新提交

When and how particles are removed by drops

液滴何时以及如何移除颗粒

Abhinav Naga, Franziska Sabath, Doris Vollmer, Halim Kusumaatmaja

AI总结 通过格子玻尔兹曼模拟和共聚焦显微镜实验,揭示了液滴碰撞颗粒时毛细力与摩擦力相互作用产生的六种移除场景,并引入毛细捕获参数预测颗粒移除,为易清洁表面设计提供定量原则。

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AI中文摘要

颗粒污染物会降低太阳能电池板的功率输出、窗户的透明度,并对微电子器件有害,即使单个颗粒也可能导致短路。尽管对颗粒粘附和自清洁有大量研究,但液滴何时以及如何从表面移除颗粒以实现高效清洁仍不清楚。这里,通过结合格子玻尔兹曼模拟和共聚焦显微镜实验,我们展示了当液滴与颗粒碰撞时,毛细力和摩擦力之间的复杂相互作用会产生至少六种不同的情景。值得注意的是,毛细力在颗粒移除中扮演双重角色:其切向分量总是驱动移除,而法向分量可能阻碍移除。通过引入无量纲的毛细捕获参数,我们可以在广泛的颗粒和表面性质范围内预测颗粒移除。这些结果为易清洁表面提供了定量设计原则,以最小化水和化学品的使用。

英文摘要

Particulate contaminants decrease the power output of solar panels, the transparency of windows, and are detrimental to microelectronics, where even a single particle can induce a short circuit. Despite significant research on particle adhesion and self-cleaning, it remains unclear when and how a drop can remove a particle from a surface, thus efficiently cleaning the surface. Here, by combining lattice Boltzmann simulations and confocal microscopy experiments, we show that at least six different scenarios arise from the complex interplay between capillary and friction forces when a drop collides with a particle. Notably, the capillary force plays a dual role in particle removal: while its tangential component always drives removal, its normal component can also hinder it. By introducing a dimensionless capillary capture parameter, we can predict particle removal across a wide range of particle and surface properties. These results provide quantitative design principles for easy-to-clean surfaces that minimize water and chemical usage.

2606.12061 2026-06-11 math.AP 新提交

Complex-ellipticity, dimensional estimates and plane wave rigidity in $BV^{\mathbb A}$

复杂椭圆性、维数估计与$BV^{\mathbb A}$中的平面波刚性

Adolfo Arroyo-Rabasa

AI总结 通过过定层次(ℓ-消失)刻画复杂椭圆算子,得到$BV^{\mathbb A}$函数的最优维数估计,并证明复杂椭圆性强制切向测度具有平面波结构。

Comments 23 pages

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AI中文摘要

我们通过一个过定性层次(ℓ-消失)来刻画复杂椭圆算子$\mathbb A(D)$,该层次量化了其符号的结构扭曲。这一框架给出了$BV^{\mathbb A}$函数的最优维数估计:测度${\mathbb A} u$不能集中在维数低于$n-1$的集合上。因此,${\mathbb A} u$的跳跃部分被刻画为一个$(n-1)$维曲面测度,其密度由符号和双侧迹给出。基于这一维数界,我们证明满足$\frac{{\mathbb A} u}{|{\mathbb A} u|} \in \mathrm{span}\{P_0\}$的测度精确地分解为一维$BV$剖面的有限和。最终,这些结果揭示了复杂椭圆性严格地强制切向测度具有平面波结构。

英文摘要

We characterize complex-elliptic operators $\mathbb A(D)$ through a hierarchy of overdeterminacy ($\ell$-vanishing) quantifying the structural twisting of their symbols. This framework yields the optimal dimensional estimate for $BV^{\mathbb A}$-functions: a measure ${\mathbb A} u$ cannot concentrate on sets of dimension below $n-1$. Consequently, the jump part of ${\mathbb A} u$ is characterized as an $(n-1)$-dimensional surface measure with density given by the symbol and the two-sided traces. Building on this dimensional bound, we prove that measures satisfying $\frac{{\mathbb A} u}{|{\mathbb A} u|} \in \mathrm{span}\{P_0\}$ precisely decompose into finite sums of one-dimensional $BV$ profiles. Ultimately, these results reveal that complex-ellipticity strictly enforces a plane-wave structure on tangent measures.

2606.12060 2026-06-11 quant-ph 新提交

The quantum harmonic oscillator and the real Hilbert space

量子谐振子与实希尔伯特空间

Sergio Giardino

AI总结 本文在复数和四元数广义框架下研究谐振子,通过实希尔伯特空间形式获得量子解,揭示复数和四元数描述适用于非平稳过程。

Comments accept by Annals of Physics

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AI中文摘要

在复数和四元数的广义框架下考虑了谐振子。经典谐振子用复位置函数描述,量子谐振子则用复波函数和四元数波函数进行研究。两种量子解均在实希尔伯特空间形式下获得。结果表明,复数和四元数描述适用于非平稳过程,包括阻尼振荡、受迫振荡以及无法用其他方式恰当描述的自相互作用过程。

英文摘要

The harmonic oscillator is considered within generalized frameworks using complex and quaternionic numbers. The classical oscillator is considered in terms of a complex position function, and quantum oscillators are examined in terms of complex wave functions, and in terms of quaternionic wave functions as well. Both of the quantum solutions are obtained within the real Hilbert space formalism. The results reveal the complex and quaternionic descriptions as suitable frameworks for non-stationary processes, including damped oscillations, forced oscillations, and additionally self-interacting processes that cannot be appropriately described otherwise.

2606.12056 2026-06-11 quant-ph 新提交

Clifford disentanglers for entanglement reduction in molecular electronic structure simulations

用于分子电子结构模拟中纠缠减少的克利福德解纠缠器

Longfei Chang, Zibo Wu, Yunzhi Li, Haiqi Liu, Jiajun Ren, Mingpu Qin, Zhendong Li, Wei-Hai Fang

AI总结 本文系统评估并扩展了克利福德解纠缠器,作为保持结构的纠缠减少方法,通过分类克利福德算符并嵌入迭代张量网络框架,有效降低分子测试案例的纠缠并改善能量误差。

Comments 18 pages, 11 figures

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AI中文摘要

纠缠是限制分子电子结构张量网络和量子模拟效率的关键瓶颈。在此,我们系统评估并扩展了克利福德解纠缠器,作为一种保持结构的纠缠减少方法:它们可以修改量子比特波函数的纠缠结构,同时保留量子比特哈密顿量的泡利字符串形式。为了实现对克利福德变换的实用搜索,我们根据克利福德算符在二分划分上的施密特谱作用对其进行分类,将两量子比特和四量子比特的搜索空间分别缩减至20和91392个代表。嵌入迭代克利福德增强矩阵乘积态框架后,这些变换在固定键维下减少了所研究分子测试案例的能量误差,并减轻了对轨道排序和费米子到量子比特映射的依赖性。我们进一步展示了克利福德解纠缠器也有益于量子模拟,如浅电路变分量子本征值求解器计算。总之,这些结果确立了克利福德解纠缠器作为分子电子结构张量网络和量子模拟中有用的结构保持纠缠工程工具,同时澄清了它们的相关性依赖,并激励了未来的发展。

英文摘要

Entanglement is a key bottleneck limiting the efficiency of tensor-network and quantum simulations of molecular electronic structures. Here, we systematically assess and extend Clifford disentanglers as a structure-preserving approach to entanglement reduction: they can modify the entanglement structure of qubit wavefunctions while retaining the Pauli-string form of qubit Hamiltonians. To enable a practical search over Clifford transformations, we classify Clifford operators by their action on the Schmidt spectrum across a bipartition, reducing the two- and four-qubit search spaces to 20 and 91392 representatives, respectively. Embedded in an iterative Clifford-augmented matrix product state framework, these transformations reduce the energy errors at fixed bond dimension for the molecular test cases studied and mitigate the dependence on orbital orderings and fermion-to-qubit mappings. We further show that Clifford disentanglers can also benefit quantum simulations such as the shallow-circuit variational quantum eigensolver calculations. Together, these results establish Clifford disentanglers as a useful structure-preserving entanglement-engineering tool for tensor-network and quantum simulations of molecular electronic structure, while also clarifying their correlation dependence and motivating future developments.

2606.12055 2026-06-11 physics.ins-det physics.optics 新提交

Modeling of Dark Count Probability in Perimeter-Gated SPADs

周边栅极单光子雪崩二极管的暗计数概率建模

Md Sakibur Sajal, Ziyad Alswaidan, Tathagata Srimani, Marc Dandin

AI总结 提出互补Gompertz函数模型描述周边栅极SPAD的暗计数概率,导出中点栅极电压描述符,实现工艺和温度变化下的确定性偏置控制。

Comments 4 pages, 5 figures, prepared for submission to IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

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AI中文摘要

本文提出了一种新颖的分析框架,表明周边栅极单光子雪崩二极管(pg-SPADs)的暗计数概率(PDC)遵循互补Gompertz函数。具体地,我们展示了PDC服从互补Gompertz形式,并从中推导出一个像素特定的描述符——中点周边栅极电压,该电压表征像素的等概率工作点。我们进一步表明,可以从该描述符获得周边栅极电压补偿率,以抵消温度引起的像素激活函数变化。该框架通过64×64阵列的4096个pg-SPADs(采用0.35 μm CMOS工艺制造)进行了实验验证。器件在-5°C至55°C的温度范围和0至5 V的周边栅极电压幅度下进行了表征。测量结果表明,在工艺和温度变化下,暗计数概率具有确定性的偏置控制。

英文摘要

This Letter presents a novel analytical framework showing that the dark count probability (PDC) of perimeter-gated single-photon avalanche diodes (pg-SPADs) follows a complementary Gompertz function. Specifically, we show that PDC follows a complementary Gompertz form from which we derive a pixel-specific descriptor, the midpoint perimeter gate voltage, which characterizes a pixel's equiprobable operating point. We further show that a perimeter gate voltage compensation rate may be obtained from this descriptor to offset temperature-induced changes in the pixel's activation function. The proposed framework is experimentally validated using 4,096 pg-SPADs arranged in a 64 x 64 array and manufactured in a 0.35 $μ$m CMOS process. The devices were characterized at temperatures ranging from -5 $^o$C to 55 $^o$C and perimeter gate voltage magnitudes of 0 to 5 V. The measured results demonstrate deterministic bias control of dark count probability across process and temperature variations.

2606.12053 2026-06-11 cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.quant-gas 新提交

Heisenberg-Langevin theory of an exciton mirror

激子镜的海森堡-朗之万理论

Sergueï V. Andreev

AI总结 本文发展激子镜的海森堡-朗之万理论,考虑延迟和长程电子-空穴交换,分析强横向磁场下的光学双稳性,发现其易受调制不稳定影响,并揭示激子气体作为光学参量发生器或相位共轭镜的特性。

Comments 5 pages, 1 figure

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AI中文摘要

我们发展了一个激子镜的海森堡-朗之万理论,考虑了延迟和长程电子-空穴交换。详细分析了强横向磁场的特殊情况。由于光锥内激子之间的排斥导致的光学双稳性,似乎容易受到向非辐射表面极化子模式的调制不稳定性影响。在相应阈值之上,泵浦的二维激子气体充当孪生极化子光束的光学参量发生器。相反,在阈值之下,镜子获得相位共轭特性。

英文摘要

We develop a Heisenberg-Langevin theory of an exciton mirror accounting for the retardation and the long-range electron-hole exchange. A particular case of a strong transverse magnetic field is analyzed in detail. The optical bistability due to repulsion between the excitons inside the light cone appears to be prone to a modulational instability towards the non-radiative surface polariton modes. Above the corresponding threshold, the pumped 2D exciton gas acts as an optical parametric generator of twin polariton beams. Conversely, below the threshold, the mirror acquires the phase-conjugating properties.

2606.12052 2026-06-11 math.DS 新提交

Dimension of the Feigenbaum Attractor

Feigenbaum吸引子的维数

Mark Pollicott

AI总结 提出一种有效方法估计倍周期现象中Feigenbaum吸引子的维数,通过将g的高精度估计转化为对dim(X)的更优估计。

Comments This corresponds to a talk I gave at the ICMS in Edinburgh in July 2023

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AI中文摘要

本文提出一种有效方法估计倍周期现象中Feigenbaum吸引子的维数。特别地,我们将描述一种将$g$的高精度估计转化为对$\dim(X)$的更优估计的方法。

英文摘要

In this note we propose an effective method to estimate the dimension of the Feigenbaum attractor for the period doubling phenomenon. In particular, we will describe a way to convert the highly accurate estimates for $g$ into better estimates on $\dim(X)$.

2606.12049 2026-06-11 astro-ph.HE cond-mat.quant-gas 新提交

Searching for cosmic vortices

搜寻宇宙涡旋

Marek Nikołajuk, Tomasz Karpiuk, Mirosław Brewczyk

AI总结 研究冷氦白矮星被黑洞潮汐瓦解时,利用量子流体动力学模拟,发现吸积盘中出现量子化涡旋,产生特征闪烁辐射信号,同时白矮星表面涡旋导致其拉长旋转并发射引力波。

Comments 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 videos

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AI中文摘要

我们的研究聚焦于一颗冷氦白矮星经过黑洞时发生的强烈潮汐瓦解。我们将白矮星建模为玻色-费米液滴,并使用量子流体动力学方程模拟双星系统的演化。当白矮星经过近星点时,它损失了大量质量。这些质量落入黑洞并形成吸积盘。吸积盘中出现了量子化涡旋,表现为强烈的电磁辐射信号,这些信号呈现出特征性的闪烁模式,变化时间尺度为几秒。与此同时,白矮星远离黑洞。当白矮星在空间中运动时,涡旋沿着其表面运行。这拉长了它的几何形状,导致它旋转并发射引力波。

英文摘要

Our study focuses on the strong tidal disruption of a cold helium white dwarf passing a black hole. We model the white dwarf as a Bose-Fermi droplet and use quantum hydrodynamic equations to simulate the binary system's evolution. As the white dwarf passes through periastron, it loses a significant amount of mass. This mass falls onto the black hole and forms an accretion disc. Quantized vortices appear in the accretion disc, manifesting as strong electromagnetic radiation signals that exhibit characteristic flickering patterns changing on a timescale of a few seconds. Meanwhile, the white dwarf moves away from the black hole. As the white dwarf moves through space, vortices run along its surface. This elongates its geometry, causing it to rotate and emit gravitational waves.

2606.12046 2026-06-11 math.AT 新提交

Relations in the 24-th homotopy groups of spheres

球面第24同伦群中的关系

Toshiyuki Miyauchi, Juno Mukai

AI总结 本文证明了Toda括号⟨ν̄,σ,ν̄⟩和⟨ν,η,σ̄⟩非平凡,肯定了Mahowald猜想,并确定了π^6_{30}中ν̄_6ω_{14}和π^7_{31}中ν̄_7ω_{15}的关系。

Comments 26 pages

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AI中文摘要

本文的主要目的是证明Toda括号⟨ν̄,σ,ν̄⟩和⟨ν,η,σ̄⟩非平凡。这是对M. Mahowald猜想(J. Mukai, Determination of the $P$-image by Toda brackets, Geometry and Topology Monographs \ extbf{13}(2008), 355--383)的肯定回答。第二个目的是确定π^6_{30}中包括ν̄_6ω_{14}和π^7_{31}中包括ν̄_7ω_{15}的关系。为此,我们提供了Toda括号与$J$-同态以及Toda括号与广义$P$-同态之间的关系。

英文摘要

The main purpose of this note is to give a proof of the fact that the Toda brackets \ $\langle\barν,σ,\barν\rangle$ and $\langleν,η, \barσ\rangle$ are not trivial. This is an affirmative answer of M.~Mahowald's Conjecture (J. Mukai, Determination of the $P$-image by Toda brackets, Geometry and Topology Monographs \textbf{13}(2008), 355--383). The second purpose is to determine the relations including $\barν_6ω_{14}$ in $π^6_{30}$ and $\barν_7ω_{15}$ in $π^7_{31}$. To this end, we provide relations between the Toda bracket and the $J$-homomorphism, and between the Toda bracket and the generalized $P$-homomorphism.

2606.12045 2026-06-11 quant-ph 新提交

A Geometric Family of Correlations Containing the Quantum Singlet

包含量子单态的相关性的几何族

E. Aldo Arroyo

AI总结 提出一个几何约束隐变量框架,生成由边界函数参数化的相关性族,其中量子单态相关性作为特例出现,并推导了相关函数的精确表达式。

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AI中文摘要

我们引入了一个几何约束的隐变量框架,该框架生成由边界函数参数化的相关性族,其中量子单态相关性作为特定成员出现。推导了相关函数的精确表达式。建立了若干结构结果,包括可容许性条件、对称性、相关CHSH函数的通用驻点,以及在$\nu=\pi/4$处的CHSH值与定义在底层隐变量分布上的几何对比度量之间的精确关系。本框架并未将量子单态相关性视为需要再现的孤立目标,而是将其置于更广泛的相关性几何结构中。这些结果表明该相关性族存在非平凡的几何结构,并激发了对能够从该族中选择量子单态解的原理的探索。

英文摘要

We introduce a geometrically constrained hidden-variable framework that generates a family of correlations parametrized by a boundary function, within which the quantum singlet correlation appears as a particular member. Exact expressions for the correlation function are derived. Several structural results are established, including admissibility conditions, symmetry properties, a universal stationary point of the associated CHSH function, and an exact relation between the CHSH value at $ν=π/4$ and a geometric contrast measure defined on the underlying hidden-variable distributions. Rather than treating the quantum singlet correlation as an isolated target to be reproduced, the present framework places it within a broader geometric structure of correlations. These results suggest the existence of a nontrivial geometric structure underlying the family of correlations and motivate the search for a principle capable of selecting the quantum singlet solution from within that family.

2606.12044 2026-06-11 econ.TH 新提交

Schedules and Prioritization: A Behavioral Foundation for Multi-Armed Bandits and Stopping Problems

调度与优先级:多臂赌博机与停止问题的行为基础

Jaden Yang Chen, Can Urgun

AI总结 本文从对局部偶然调度的偏好出发,通过行为公理推导出广义停止表示,并利用日历时间约束得到广义赌博机模型及其索引最优性。

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AI中文摘要

赌博机模型通常从臂、状态、奖励和转移规则开始。本文则从对停止的局部偶然调度的偏好出发:这些调度是责任、项目、实验或机会在其自身局部时间中的可能展开。关于单个调度的行为公理刻画了一个广义停止表示,包含当前效用、局部贴现和广泛的延续聚合器。然后,一个共同尾部补偿公理允许在调度之间对日历时间定价。施加一个紧凑的已过日历时间约束产生了一个休息的广义赌博机,并得到索引最优性:索引是推进局部时钟的影子价格。期望效用、学习、稳健、秩依赖、Choquet和Pandora模型作为特例出现。

英文摘要

Bandit models typically begin with arms, states, rewards, and transition rules. This paper instead begins with preferences over stopped local contingent schedules: possible unfoldings of a responsibility, project, experiment, or opportunity in its own local time. Behavioral axioms on single schedules characterize a generalized stopping representation with current utility, local discounting, and a broad continuation aggregator. A common-tail compensation axiom then allows calendar time to be priced across schedules. Imposing a tight elapsed-calendar constraint generates a rested generalized bandit and yields index optimality: the index is the shadow price of advancing a local clock. Expected-utility, learning, robust, rank-dependent, Choquet, and Pandora models arise as special cases.

2606.12043 2026-06-11 nlin.PS 新提交

Pearl supratransmission in a boundary-driven two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a hole

带孔边界驱动二维非线性薛定谔方程中的珍珠超传输

Rudy Kusdiantara, Hadi Susanto

AI总结 研究带中心孔的边界驱动二维非线性薛定谔方程中的能量超传输,通过分岔分析和变分近似揭示驱动振幅、内径和方位角电荷对驻波态稳定性的影响,并发现非零方位角电荷触发对称破缺产生二维局域激发(珍珠)。

Comments Published

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Journal ref
Phys. Rev. E 113, 064204 (2026)
AI中文摘要

我们研究了带中心孔的边界驱动二维非线性薛定谔方程中的能量超传输。具有方位角调制的谐波强迫产生驻波态,其存在性和稳定性取决于驱动振幅、内径和施加的方位角电荷。分岔分析表明,小内径产生具有更高失稳阈值的强约束态,而较大内径则产生更宽的轮廓和稳定与不稳定分支之间的更平滑过渡。三次-五次和可饱和模型表现出相似的定性行为,但在临界振幅和参数依赖性上定量不同。变分近似捕捉了临界驱动对方位角电荷和非线性参数的依赖性,并阐明了非线性响应如何塑造转折点附近的稳态。时间依赖模拟表明,超传输通过发射局域脉冲发生,非零方位角电荷触发对称破缺并产生二维局域激发(珍珠)。等值面图提供了对由此产生的径向和角度偏移的补充视角。这些结果为二维几何中的超传输建立了定量框架,并适用于光学、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体和结构化介质中的驱动非线性系统。

英文摘要

We investigate energy supratransmission in a boundary-driven two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a central hole. Harmonic forcing with azimuthal modulation generates standing-wave states whose existence and stability depend on the driving amplitude, the inner radius, and the imposed azimuthal charge. Bifurcation analysis shows that small inner radii produce strongly confined states with higher destabilization thresholds, whereas larger radii yield broader profiles and smoother transitions between stable and unstable branches. The cubic--quintic and saturable models exhibit similar qualitative behaviour but differ quantitatively in their critical amplitudes and parameter dependence. A variational approximation captures the dependence of the critical drive on the azimuthal charge and nonlinear parameters, and clarifies how the nonlinear response shapes the stationary states near the turning point. Time-dependent simulations show that supratransmission occurs through the emission of localized pulses, with nonzero azimuthal charge triggering symmetry breaking and producing two-dimensional localized excitations (pearls). Isosurface plots provide a complementary view of the resulting radial and angular excursions. These results establish a quantitative framework for supratransmission in two-dimensional geometries and are relevant to driven nonlinear systems in optics, Bose--Einstein condensates, and structured media.

2606.12041 2026-06-11 cond-mat.mes-hall physics.optics 新提交

Reflective Metastructure Q-plate for Ultrashort Laser Pulses

反射型超表面Q板用于超短激光脉冲

Christopher G. O. Weiß, Bert Lägel, Benjamin Stadtmüller, Martin Aeschlimann, Tobias Eul

AI总结 提出基于等离子体超表面的高反射Q板,将轨道角动量从纳米结构转换到超短激光脉冲,无时间展宽,适用于宽波长范围。

Comments 17 pages, 9 figures

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AI中文摘要

光的轨道角动量是开发光驱动应用的一个有趣特性。它作为操纵光以及光与物质相互作用的独立自由度而出现。存在几种产生携带轨道角动量的光的方法,大多采用透射或反射光学元件,这些元件径向调制光的相位分布。作为其中一种元件,透射型Q板因其在宽波长范围内的可用性而成为标准元件。在这里,我们提出了一种构建基于等离子体超表面的高反射Q板的方法,该Q板能够将轨道角动量从纳米结构转换到超短激光脉冲,且无时间展宽。我们强调了其在正入射和掠入射反射下在宽波长范围内的工作原理。

英文摘要

The orbital angular momentum of light is an intriguing property for developing light driven applications. It emerged as an independent degree of freedom by which to manipulate light and, consequently, the interaction of light with matter. Several methods exist for the generation of light carrying orbital angular momentum, mostly employing transmitting or reflecting optical components, which radially modulate the phase profile of the light. As one of such components, transmissive q-plates established themselves as standard elements due to their usability over a broad wavelength range. Here, we present our approach to build a highly reflective q-plate based on a plasmonic metasurface capable of converting orbital angular momentum from the nanostructure to ultrashort laser pulses without temporal broadening. We highlight its working principle over a wide range of wavelengths for reflection under normal and gracing incidence.

2606.12039 2026-06-11 cs.GT 新提交

Axiomatic Tools for Separating Electoral Control Types, with Applications to Concrete Systems

用于区分选举控制类型的公理工具及其在具体系统中的应用

Michael C. Chavrimootoo, Ian Clingerman, Ethan Ferland, Erin Gibson, Lane A. Hemaspaandra, Quan Luu, David E. Narvaez, Yanfei Wang

AI总结 本文提出公理方法自动区分选举控制类型,在七个投票系统中发现64个新归并和1901个新区分,并给出普适性分离结果。

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AI中文摘要

选举控制研究攻击者是否可以通过对选举进行结构性更改(如添加/删除/划分选民或候选人)以某种期望方式影响获胜者。通常认为有44种此类攻击类型是标准的,最近有工作表明,有时这些攻击类型——尽管看似不同——实际上“归并”,即对于每个输入,攻击者要么在两种控制类型下都能实现其目标,要么都不能。然而,这些论文虽然经常利用确保归并的公理结果,但所有区分都是通过人工或计算机生成的反例发现的。这留下了一个问题:即使区分方向是否也可以由公理结果驱动,从而允许大量区分几乎自动获得。我们的论文提供了许多这样的结果,并将其应用于七个重要的投票系统,发现了64个新的归并和1901个新的区分。我们不仅给出了公理充分条件和一项完整刻画结果,还识别出一些普适性分离的控制-问题对——即它们在每个投票规则下都分离。

英文摘要

Electoral control is the study of whether an attacker, by structural changes on an election such as adding/deleting/partitioning voters or candidates, can affect the winner in some desired way. Forty-four such attack types are often considered standard, and recently there has been work showing that sometimes the attack types -- though seemingly distinct -- in fact "collapse," that is, for every input, either the attacker can achieve their goal under both of the control types or under neither of the control types. The papers doing this, however, while often exploiting axiomatic results that ensured collapses, found all the separations by human or computer-generated counterexamples. This left open the issue of whether even the separation direction can be driven by axiomatic results that allow large groups of separations to be almost automatically obtained. Our paper provides many such results, and we apply them to seven important voting systems, finding sixty-four new collapses and 1901 new separations. We not only give axiomatic sufficient conditions and one complete characterization result, but also identify some control-problem pairs that universally separate -- in other words, they separate under every voting rule.

2606.12038 2026-06-11 cond-mat.str-el 新提交

Phonons and magnetism of kagome FeGe probed by nuclear resonant scattering

核共振散射探测Kagome FeGe的声子和磁性

Yu Tang, Saizheng Cao, Sijie Xu, Xiaokun Teng, Sven Velten, Ilya Sergeev, Pengcheng Dai, Yilin Wang, Yu Song

AI总结 通过57Fe核共振散射研究Kagome FeGe的电荷密度波和反铁磁序,发现CDW显著改变晶格动力学和磁性,揭示了自旋、电荷和晶格自由度的交织。

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AI中文摘要

Kagome FeGe 具有一个 $2\ imes2\ imes2$ 的电荷密度波(CDW),该 CDW 与反铁磁序强烈相互作用。在这里,我们报告了 $^{57}$Fe 核共振散射测量,以研究 FeGe 在其长程 CDW 和非公度磁转变过程中的行为。进入 CDW 态后,在 Fe 的部分声子态密度中观察到声学声子和能量约为 22~meV、27~meV 和 31~meV 的光学声子的硬化,这可以通过第一性原理计算定性捕捉。进入非公度磁相后,尽管在时域穆斯堡尔谱中检测到与非公度磁序或慢涨落相关的细微特征,但声子态密度和超精细相互作用参数均未发生显著变化。这些发现表明,Kagome FeGe 中的 CDW 显著改变了其晶格动力学和磁性,证明了自旋、电荷和晶格自由度之间的交织性质。

英文摘要

Kagome FeGe hosts a $2\times2\times2$ charge-density wave (CDW) that strongly interplays with antiferromagnetic order. Here, we report $^{57}$Fe nuclear resonant scattering measurement to study FeGe across its long-range CDW and incommensurate magnetic transitions. Upon entering the CDW state, hardening of acoustic phonons and optical phonons around 22~meV, 27~meV, and 31~meV are observed in the Fe partial phonon density of states, which can be qualitatively captured by first-principle calculations. Upon entering the incommensurate magnetic phase, neither the phonon density of states nor the hyperfine interaction parameters change significantly, although a subtle feature associated with the incommensurate magnetic order or slow fluctuations is detected in the time-domain Mössbauer spectra. These findings show that the CDW in kagome FeGe significantly modifies its lattice dynamics and magnetism, evidencing an intertwined nature of the spin, charge, and lattice degrees of freedom.

2606.12037 2026-06-11 math.NT 新提交

Proofs of two $q$-congruence conjectures of Guo

Guo的两个$q$-同余猜想的证明

Ji-Cai Liu, Qing-Yuan Tao

AI总结 本文证明了Guo提出的两个q-同余猜想,分别涉及截断q-模拟的平方分圆同余和带参数s的截断基本超几何和的可除性。

Comments 13 pages

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AI中文摘要

我们证明了Guo提出的两个猜想性$q$-同余。第一个是Guo关于两个“发散”Ramanujan型超同余的$q$-模拟工作中的猜想7.2;它断言当$n\equiv1\pmod4$时,一个Ramanujan型和的截断$q$-模拟存在平方分圆同余。第二个是Guo对Van Hamme的$(A.2)$超同余的推广中的猜想4.1;它给出了带参数$s$的一族截断基本超几何和模$[n]$的可除性。第一个结果的证明依赖于Guo得到的一个已知的Watson变换同余。第二个结果的证明基于在单位根处的周期分解以及残差块内的反射消去。

英文摘要

We prove two conjectural $q$-congruences proposed by Guo. The first is Conjecture 7.2 in Guo's work on $q$-analogues of two ``divergent'' Ramanujan-type supercongruences; it asserts a square-cyclotomic congruence for a truncated $q$-analogue of a Ramanujan-type sum when $n\equiv1\pmod4$. The second is Conjecture 4.1 in Guo's extension of Van Hamme's $(A.2)$ supercongruence; it gives divisibility modulo $[n]$ for a family of truncated basic hypergeometric sums with a parameter $s$. The proof of the first result relies on a known Watson-transformation congruence obtained by Guo. The proof of the second result is based on period decomposition at primitive roots of unity and a reflection cancellation inside residue blocks.

2606.12035 2026-06-11 quant-ph 新提交

Shadow Engineering of Quantum Processes

量子过程的影子工程

Tian-Ci Tian, De-Tao Jiang, Wei-Ming Zhu, Wei-You Liao, Hong-Wei Li, He-Liang Huang

AI总结 提出影子工程框架,通过稀疏转移矩阵编码过程经典影子,实现复合过程性质预测,样本复杂度指数级低于量子过程层析,并在超导处理器上验证了错误缓解和哈密顿动力学模拟等应用。

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AI中文摘要

表征量子过程对于硬件基准测试、错误诊断和算法验证至关重要。尽管最近的工作[PRX QUANTUM \textbf{4}, 040337 (2023)]将经典影子从量子态扩展到量子过程,实现了高效的单通道$\mathcal{E}$性质预测,但其对复合过程$f(\mathcal{E}_1, \mathcal{E}_2,\cdots, \mathcal{E}_k)$的适用性仍未探索。我们引入了影子工程,这是一个将过程的经典影子编码到稀疏转移矩阵中的框架,用于预测$f(\mathcal{E}_1, \mathcal{E}_2,\cdots, \mathcal{E}_k)$的性质,并证明了多项式样本复杂度,与单通道效率相当,同时指数级低于量子过程层析。关键的是,该方法无需物理执行$f(\mathcal{E}_1, \mathcal{E}_2,\cdots, \mathcal{E}_k)$即可重用现有的$\mathcal{E}_m$影子数据,从而以最小的硬件开销实现灵活的量子过程表征。我们在超导量子处理器上展示了该框架在典型应用(如错误缓解和哈密顿动力学模拟)中的有效性和实用性。该框架无需物理重新执行即可预测复杂量子行为,为近期的设备校准和量子模拟提供了直接应用。

英文摘要

Characterizing quantum processes is essential for hardware benchmarking, error diagnosis, and algorithm verification. While recent work [PRX QUANTUM \textbf{4}, 040337 (2023)] extended classical shadows from quantum state to quantum process, enabling efficient single-channel $\mathcal{E}$ property prediction, its applicability to composite processes $f(\mathcal{E}_1, \mathcal{E}_2,\cdots, \mathcal{E}_k)$ remains unexplored. We introduce shadow engineering, a framework encoding the classical shadows of processes into sparse transfer matrices to predict $f(\mathcal{E}_1, \mathcal{E}_2,\cdots, \mathcal{E}_k)$ properties with proven polynomial sample complexity, matching single-channel efficiency while exponentially lower than quantum process tomography. Crucially, this approach repurposes existing $\mathcal{E}_m$-shadow data without physical execution of $f(\mathcal{E}_1, \mathcal{E}_2,\cdots, \mathcal{E}_k)$, enabling flexible quantum process characterization with minimal hardware overhead. We demonstrate the framework's effectiveness and practicality on a superconducting quantum processor for typical applications such as error mitigation and Hamiltonian dynamical simulation. This framework unlocks new capabilities for predicting complex quantum behaviors without physical re-execution, with immediate applications in near-term device calibration and quantum simulation.

2606.12034 2026-06-11 astro-ph.SR 新提交

Oscillations of red giant stars with magnetic damping in the core. II. Mixed mode visibilities on the red-giant branch

红巨星核心磁阻尼振荡 II. 红巨星分支上的混合模可见度

Jonas Müller, Saskia Hekker

AI总结 通过合成功率谱计算可见度并考虑观测偏差,发现偶极模空间响应为1.47,晚红巨星分支归一化偶极模可见度可能被高估达20%,而四极模可见度基本不受影响。

Comments accepted by A&A

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AI中文摘要

模式可见度可以通过观测功率谱或基于星内阻尼过程假设的理论来估计。然而,由于观测偏差,两种方法之间的定量比较迄今无法实现。偏差源于观测中将功率谱划分为预期某球谐度模式占主导的频率段。本文利用合成功率谱,按观测方式计算可见度,并与已发表的观测可见度比较,以量化偏差影响。我们发现,考虑偏差后,偶极模的观测空间响应为1.47,比先前估计更接近理论值。特别地,我们预测晚红巨星分支(RGB)星的归一化偶极模可见度在已发表观测中可能被高估高达20%。对于偶极模受抑制的星,其在整个RGB演化过程中归一化偶极模可见度可能被高估20%。另一方面,四极模可见度除晚RGB外基本不受偏差影响。此外,我们测试了星核内强磁场导致能量损失的不同模型,研究了混合模特征的可见度和可探测性演化。我们认为,考虑g模腔的内转折点可使部分模能量在与强磁场相互作用时得以保留。我们进一步表明,这种部分耗散使得混合模特征在观测功率谱中既可出现也可消失,这与观测一致。

英文摘要

Mode visibilities can be estimated from observed power spectra or from theory by making assumptions about the damping processes occurring in the star. However, a quantitative comparison between the two approaches was so far not feasible due to observational biases. The biases arise from the fact that in observations, the power spectrum is divided into frequency segments in which modes of a certain spherical degree are expected to dominate. In this work, we used synthetic power spectra to calculate the visibility as it has been done in observations and compare it with published observed visibilities to quantify the influence of the biases. We find that, taking the biases into account, the observed spatial response of the dipole modes is 1.47, which is closer to the theoretical value than previous estimates. In particular, we predict that the normalized dipole mode visibility of late red-giant branch (RGB) stars might be overestimated by up to 20% in published observations. For stars with depressed dipole modes, we find that the normalized dipole mode visibilities estimated in observational studies might be overestimated by 20% throughout their entire evolution on the RGB. The quadrupole mode visibility, on the other hand, appears to be largely unaffected by the biases, expect on the late RGB. In addition, we investigated the evolution of the visibility and detectability of the mixed mode signature while testing different prescriptions for the energy loss caused by a strong internal magnetic field in the stellar core. We argue that taking into account the inner turning point of the g-mode cavity could allow a portion of the mode energy to be preserved when interacting with a strong magnetic field. We further show that such partial dissipation allows the mixed mode signature to be both present or absent in the observable power spectra, which is consistent with observations.

2606.12031 2026-06-11 math.DG 新提交

Topology of isometric classes and flows of geometric structures

等距类与几何结构流的拓扑

Daniel Fadel, Eric Loubeau

AI总结 研究闭连通李子群H≤SO(n)的张量H-结构流,证明等距类映射的满射性与同伦提升性质,并揭示平坦环面上特定结构的等距类与模空间具有无穷多连通分支,同时分析内蕴挠率能量的变分性质与奇点形成。

Comments 31 pages

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AI中文摘要

我们重新审视闭连通李子群$H\leqslant\mathrm{SO}(n)$的张量$H$-结构流,重点关注等距类的拓扑。我们证明了将$H$-结构映射到其诱导黎曼度量的自然映射是满射的,并满足参数化同伦提升性质。由于黎曼度量空间是可缩的,$H$-结构的全空间同伦等价于任意固定的等距类。对于可平行化流形,特别是平坦环面,这些等距类归结为映射空间$\mathrm{SO}(n)/H$。我们讨论了平坦环面上的近厄米、$\mathrm{SU}(m)$、$\mathrm{G}_2$和$\mathrm{Spin}(7)$结构,表明它们的等距类以及模去保定向微分同胚的模空间可能具有无穷多连通分支。我们将这种拓扑与内蕴挠率能量的变分理论联系起来。在无限制的$H$-结构空间上,该泛函在维数$n>2$时是尺度退化的:其下确界在每个非空道路分支上为零,且其唯一临界点是无挠结构。在固定等距类内部,这种位似逃逸方向不存在。我们将有限时间奇点形成重新解释为在下确界为零的非平凡等距同伦类中的集中,并与上同调类(例如平坦$6$-环面上的$\mathrm{U}(3)$-结构)形成对比,后者具有正下界且允许来自全纯映射到$\mathbb{CP}^3$的光滑调和代表。最后,我们重新审视了早期工作的分析方面:我们证明了依赖于度量的流的提升原理,重新解释了Ricci $H$-流,推导了等距流的一般演化恒等式,并将调和流理论推广到原始结构假设之外。

英文摘要

We revisit flows of tensorial $H$-structures for closed and connected Lie subgroups $H\leqslant\mathrm{SO}(n)$, focusing on the topology of isometric classes. We prove that the natural map assigning to an $H$-structure its induced Riemannian metric is surjective and satisfies a parametric homotopy lifting property. Since the space of Riemannian metrics is contractible, the full space of $H$-structures is homotopy equivalent to any fixed isometric class. For parallelizable manifolds, especially flat tori, these classes reduce to mapping spaces into $\mathrm{SO}(n)/H$. We discuss almost Hermitian, $\mathrm{SU}(m)$, $\mathrm{G}_2$, and $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$ structures on flat tori, showing that their isometric classes and moduli modulo orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms may have infinitely many connected components. We relate this topology to the variational theory of the intrinsic torsion energy. On the unrestricted space of $H$-structures, the functional is scale-degenerate in dimensions $n>2$: its infimum is zero on every nonempty path component, and its only critical points are torsion-free structures. Inside fixed isometric classes this homothetic escape direction is absent. We reinterpret finite-time singularity formation as concentration in nontrivial isometric homotopy classes with zero energy infimum, and contrast this with cohomological classes, such as $\mathrm{U}(3)$-structures on the flat $6$-torus, which have positive lower bounds and admit smooth harmonic representatives from holomorphic maps into $\mathbb{CP}^3$. Finally, we revisit analytical aspects of our earlier work: we prove a lifting principle for metric-dependent flows, reinterpret the Ricci $H$-flow, derive a general evolution identity for isometric flows, and extend the harmonic-flow theory beyond the original structural assumptions.

2606.12030 2026-06-11 quant-ph 新提交

Measurement-Free Toric-Code Memory in Array Globally Controlled Rydberg Array

全局控制里德伯阵列中无测量的环面码存储器

Han Wang, Yusheng Zhao, Xiuhao Deng, Jinguo Liu

AI总结 提出一种无需移动、测量或局部寻址原子的环面码量子存储协议,通过三物种里德伯原子阵列和全局物种选择性激光脉冲实现稳定子循环,数值模拟显示物理错误率低于0.034时量子比特寿命延长。

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AI中文摘要

任何容错量子架构的核心前提是量子存储器:一个编码的物理量子比特块,其逻辑状态通过多轮纠错主动抵御噪声。在中性原子里德伯阵列中,实现这样的存储器并非受限于纠缠门本身(这些门已经快速且高保真),而是受限于传统纠错循环所需的辅助操作:中电路荧光测量、区域间原子传输和局部聚焦单量子比特寻址。这些操作中的每一个都会引入延迟、原子丢失或光学串扰,其代价比底层门高出几个数量级。这些代价在每一轮循环中累积,逐渐破坏代码本应保护的逻辑信息。在这里,我们提出一种协议,无需移动、测量或局部寻址原子即可稳定环面码量子存储器。关键在于使用三物种里德伯原子阵列,在全局、物种选择性激光脉冲下完成完整的稳定子循环,包括综合征提取、相干校正和辅助重置。对$4 \times 4$旋转环面码的数值模拟显示,当物理错误率低于伪阈值$p^\star \approx 0.034$时,量子比特寿命更长。该方案为中性原子平台上的拓扑量子存储器提供了一条具体且硬件高效的路径。

英文摘要

The central prerequisite of any fault-tolerant quantum architecture is a quantum memory: a block of encoded physical qubits whose logical state is actively preserved against noise across many rounds of error correction. In neutral-atom Rydberg arrays, realizing such a memory is obstructed not by the entangling gates themselves, which are already fast and high-fidelity, but by the auxiliary operations that a conventional error-correction cycle requires: mid-circuit fluorescence measurement, inter-zone atom transport, and locally focused single-qubit addressing. Each of these introduces latency, atom loss, or optical crosstalk that exceeds the cost of the underlying gates by orders of magnitude. These costs accumulate cycle after cycle, progressively degrading the very logical information the code is meant to protect. Here we propose a protocol that stabilizes a toric-code quantum memory without moving, measuring or local addressing atoms. The key is to use a three-species Rydberg atom array for the complete stabilizer cycle, including syndrome extraction, coherent correction, and ancilla reset, under global, species-selective laser pulses. Numerical simulation of a $4 \times 4$ rotated toric code shows a longer qubit lifetime when the physical error rate is below a pseudo-threshold $p^\star \approx 0.034$. The scheme offers a concrete, hardware-efficient route to topological quantum memory in neutral-atom platforms.

2606.12029 2026-06-11 cond-mat.mtrl-sci 新提交

In Situ Dynamics of the Microscopic Crystallographic Dehydration Pathway in a Model Channel Hydrate, Theophylline

模型通道水合物茶碱中微观晶体学脱水路径的原位动力学

Natalia Koniuch, Sang T. Pham, Mohsen Danaie, Fanny Costa, Zabeada Aslam, Stephanie Foster, Helen Blade, Les Hughes, Nicole Hondow, Rik Drummond-Brydson, Sean M. Collins, Andy P. Brown

AI总结 利用原位低剂量扫描电子衍射研究茶碱一水合物脱水过程,揭示其通过两步重构型拓扑固相转变实现,涉及各向异性表面质量损失和表面成核生长。

Comments 43 pages

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AI中文摘要

分子晶体水合物中的固相相变决定了其在制药、农用化学品和配位框架材料等应用中的稳定性和功能性能。在脱水过程中,这些水合物可能经历涉及分子取向、分子间相互作用和晶格对称性变化的显著结构重组。尽管已有广泛研究,但这些转变进行的微观晶体学路径仍知之甚少。本文以茶碱一水合物为模型分子水合物,利用原位低剂量扫描电子衍射(SED)研究其固态脱水动力学。对单个颗粒上形态、晶体学相和取向变化的同步观测揭示了完全脱水通过两步重构型拓扑固相转变进行:水通道侧面附近材料的各向异性、表面特异性质量损失(表明一水合物采用非中心对称晶体结构),随后在母体一水合物上表面局部成核并生长无水II型,同时在共同平面上保持相似的分子取向。通过提供对水合物脱水的直接局部晶体学见解,本工作展示了表面控制的质量损失、形态变化和晶格取向如何共同主导分子水合物中的固相转变。更广泛地说,它确立了低剂量SED作为探测束敏感分子晶体中动态相变的有效方法。

英文摘要

Solid-state phase transformations in molecular crystal hydrates govern stability and functional performance across a range of applications, including pharmaceutical, agrochemical and coordination framework materials. During dehydration, these hydrates can undergo substantial structural reorganisation involving changes in molecular orientation, intermolecular interactions, and lattice symmetry. Despite extensive study, the microscopic crystallographic pathways by which such transformations proceed remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the dynamics of solid-state dehydration of theophylline monohydrate as a model molecular hydrate using in situ low-dose scanning electron diffraction (SED). Simultaneous observations of changes in morphology and crystallographic phase and orientation mapped across single particles reveal how complete dehydration proceeds via a two-step, reconstructive topotactic solid-state transformation: anisotropic, surface-specific mass loss of material near water channel sides (suggesting the monohydrate adopts a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure) is followed by surface-localised nucleation and growth of anhydrous form II on the parent monohydrate while preserving similar molecular orientations at a common plane. By providing direct, local crystallographic insight into hydrate dehydration, this work demonstrates how surface-controlled mass loss, morphological changes, and lattice orientation jointly govern solid-state transformations in molecular hydrates. More broadly, it establishes low-dose SED as an effective approach for probing dynamic phase transformations in beam-sensitive molecular crystals.

2606.12026 2026-06-11 math.SP cs.SI math-ph math.MP physics.data-an 新提交

Generalizing Perron--Frobenius theory and eigenvector-based centralities to networks with complex edge weights

将Perron-Frobenius理论和基于特征向量的中心性推广到具有复数边权重的网络

Yu Tian, Mason A. Porter, Lucas Böttcher

AI总结 本文将Perron-Frobenius定理推广到复数权重矩阵,建立不同推广之间的联系,并提出基于特征向量的中心性度量以分析复数边权重网络中的节点重要性。

Comments 34 pages, 9 figures, 1 table

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AI中文摘要

线性代数及其在网络分析应用中的一个基本概念是Perron-Frobenius (PF)定理,它支撑着基于特征向量的中心性度量,如特征向量中心性、PageRank以及枢纽和权威中心性。通过引用PF定理,我们知道对于具有正边权重的强连通网络,权重矩阵最大特征值对应的特征向量产生一个明确定义的中心性度量(即特征向量中心性)。PF定理及其相关中心性度量的传统表述假设网络具有实数值权重。然而,量子信息、量子化学、电动力学和机器学习等领域的许多网络具有复数值边权重。在本文中,我们研究PF定理到复数值矩阵的推广,建立这些推广之间的联系,并提出基于特征向量的中心性度量以分析具有复数边权重的网络中的节点重要性。我们还证明了满足广义PF性质的复数权重网络的存在性结果,并计算了几个示例的相关中心性度量,这些示例来自电子传输、电路分析、数学化学和通信网络等应用领域。

英文摘要

A fundamental concept in linear algebra and its applications to network analysis is the Perron--Frobenius (PF) theorem, which underpins eigenvector-based centrality measures such as eigenvector centrality, PageRank, and hubs and authorities. By invoking the PF theorem, we know for strongly connected networks with positive edge weights that the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the weight matrix yields a well-defined centrality measure (namely, eigenvector centrality). Traditional formulations of the PF theorem and associated centrality measures assume that networks have real-valued weights. However, many networks in areas such as quantum information, quantum chemistry, electrodynamics, and machine learning have complex-valued edge weights. In this paper, we study generalizations of the PF theorem to complex-valued matrices, establish connections between these generalizations, and propose generalized eigenvector-based centrality measures to analyzing node importances in networks with complex edge weights. We also prove results about the existence of complex-weighted networks that satisfy generalized PF properties and calculate associated centrality measures for several examples, which we draw from application areas such as electron transport, circuit analysis, mathematical chemistry, and communication networks.

2606.12024 2026-06-11 eess.SP 新提交

Unlocking the Potential of Movable Antennas: General and Practical Antenna Position Optimization

解锁可移动天线的潜力:通用且实用的天线位置优化

Weidong Mei, Changhao Liu, Dong Wang, Xin Wei, Yiming Wu, Boyu Ning, Zhi Chen, Jun Fang, Rui Zhang

AI总结 针对可移动天线位置优化缺乏可处理信道模型的问题,提出连续和离散两类通用优化算法,分别用于大规模阵列信号处理和小规模多径信道重构,并引入基于学习的低开销方案。

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AI中文摘要

近年来,可移动天线(MA)因其在受限区域内通过局部移动增强无线通信性能的潜力而受到广泛关注。然而,由于缺乏关于天线位置的可处理、解析且精确的信道模型,天线位置优化(APO)已成为MA的主要挑战。尽管现有工作已开发出多种APO算法,但大多数基于简化的理论信道模型,限制了其通用性。为解决这一挑战,本文针对不同目的提出了更通用且有效的APO算法,分别归类为连续APO和离散APO。连续APO主要应用于灵活阵列信号处理以提升大规模通信性能,而离散APO则应用于小规模多径信道重构。具体而言,离散APO将天线移动区域离散化为多个采样点,并基于逐点信道状态信息(CSI)采用离散算法确定最优MA位置,无需解析信道模型。为降低CSI获取开销,我们还提出了更高效的基于学习的APO算法,无需完整逐点CSI。最后,我们比较了所提算法的应用场景,并通过数值结果验证了其有效性。

英文摘要

Recently, movable antenna (MA) has attracted wide attention in wireless communications due to its potential in enhancing wireless communication performance via local movement within a confined region. However, antenna position optimization (APO) has emerged as a major challenge for MAs, due to the lack of a tractable, analytical, and accurate channel model in terms of antenna positions. Although existing works have developed various algorithms for APO, most of them are based on simplified theoretical channel models, which limit their generality. To address this challenge, in this article, we present more general and effective APO algorithms for different purposes, categorized as continuous APO and discrete APO, respectively. Continuous APO is mainly applied for flexible array signal processing to boost large-scale communication performance, while discrete APO is applied for small-scale multi-path channel reshaping. Specifically, the discrete APO discretizes the antenna movement region into multiple sampling points and employs discrete algorithms to determine the optimal MA positions based on the point-wise channel state information (CSI), without the need for an analytical channel model. To reduce the overhead for CSI acquisition, we also present more efficient learning-based APO algorithms that operate without requiring full point-wise CSI. Finally, we compare the application scenarios of the proposed algorithms and validate their effectiveness with numerical results.

2606.12021 2026-06-11 stat.ME 新提交

Adaptive spatial blocking for scalable clustering inference with applications to high-throughput spatial proteomics

自适应空间分块用于可扩展聚类推断及其在高通量空间蛋白质组学中的应用

Mingyu Go, Julia Wrobel, Hoseung Song

AI总结 提出自适应空间分块算法,通过构造满足点计数和形状约束的局部块,利用渐近正态近似实现大规模点模式数据的快速聚类推断,平衡统计功效与计算效率。

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AI中文摘要

Ripley's K函数是一种广泛用于评估点模式聚类的空间汇总统计量。然而,现有的基于K的方法在处理大规模数据时计算成本高昂,特别是在高通量空间蛋白质组学中,因为它们依赖于图像中所有点的空间信息。为应对这一挑战,我们提出了一种计算高效的基于分块的测试框架,该框架从图像中提取不相交的局部块,并跨块聚合聚类证据。所提出的自适应空间分块算法构造满足点计数和形状约束的块,通过渐近正态近似实现可扩展的空间聚类推断和快速p值计算。数值研究表明,所提出的方法在统计功效和计算效率之间提供了良好的平衡。在健康人肠道空间蛋白质组学数据的应用中,我们的方法检测到浆细胞的强空间聚集以及浆细胞与巨噬细胞之间的共定位,同时在大图像上具有良好的可扩展性。

英文摘要

Ripley's K-function is a widely used spatial summary statistic for assessing clustering in point patterns. However, existing K-based methods can be computationally prohibitive for large-scale data, particularly in high-throughput spatial proteomics, because they rely on spatial information from all points in the image. To address this challenge, we propose a computationally efficient block-based testing framework that extracts disjoint local blocks from an image and aggregates clustering evidence across them. The proposed adaptive spatial blocking algorithm constructs blocks satisfying point-count and shape constraints, enabling scalable spatial clustering inference and fast p-value computation through an asymptotic normal approximation. Numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed method provides a favorable balance between statistical power and computational efficiency. In an application to healthy human intestine spatial proteomics data, our method detects strong spatial aggregation of plasma cells and colocalization between plasma cells and macrophages, while scaling favorably to large images.

2606.12020 2026-06-11 quant-ph 新提交

Experimental Tabletop Petz recovery of a photonic qubit

光子量子比特的实验性桌面Petz恢复

Hui Li, Jinyan Chen, Yue Pan, Liang Xu, Minjeong Song, Valerio Scarani, Lijian Zhang

AI总结 本文通过可调退相干和耗散的信道实现Petz恢复映射,首次展示桌面可逆性,以资源高效方式部分恢复量子信息。

Comments 24 pages, 3 figures

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AI中文摘要

开放演化中丢失的量子信息无法完全恢复,但部分恢复是可能的。Petz恢复映射保证了近乎最优的恢复,特别是当选择的参考态接近真实态时。该映射已在理论研究中广泛使用,但仅有少数实验实现,且通常是在单一固定噪声模型下。在这项工作中,我们描述并实现了针对一类具有可调退相干和耗散的通用量子比特信道的Petz恢复映射。我们实现的装置也是“桌面可逆性”的第一个实验例子:对于参考态的良好选择范围,Petz恢复映射可以使用与正向耗散演化相同的设备来实现,而正向耗散演化的效果被部分撤销。我们的结果表明,Petz恢复映射可以在不需要复杂辅助资源的情况下以资源高效的方式实现,为减轻量子系统中的信息损失提供了可行的途径。

英文摘要

The quantum information lost in open evolutions cannot be fully recovered, but partial recovery is possible. The Petz recovery map guarantees almost optimal recovery, notably if the chosen reference state is close to the real one. This map has been widely used in theoretical studies, but has been the object of only a handful of experimental realisations, typically under a single fixed noise model. In this work, we describe and implement the Petz recovery map for a versatile class of qubit channels with tunable decoherence and dissipation. The setup we realize is also the first experimental example of ``tabletop reversibility'': for a good range of choices of the reference state, the Petz recovery map can be implemented with the same devices as the forward dissipative evolution, whose effect it is partially undoing. Our results demonstrate that the Petz recovery map can be resource-efficiently realized without requiring complex ancillary resources, providing a feasible pathway for mitigating information loss in quantum systems.