In this study, a non-relativistic potential model is used to calculate the mass spectrum and decay properties of low lying charmonium states. A stochastic framework is proposed to extract the possible analytical form of the confinement part of the interaction potential between quarks. Based on this approach, it is found that the confinement function deviates slightly from a linear form at large distances. The results obtained are compared with other theoretical predictions and current PDG values.

We give a rigorous derivation of the Fourier transform of the Heaviside function within a framework for tempered distributions that is suitable for undergraduate engineering and mathematics students. The proofs rely on fundamental concepts typically taught in a freshman-level calculus course, including limits, generalized integrals, integration by parts and the Taylor Remainder Theorem. In passing, we examine the Principle Value of $\frac{1}{x}$ and the relationship between its derivative of order $n$ and the Principle Value of $\frac{1}{x^{n+1}}$.

Ultrafast spectroscopy of molecular systems is fundamentally constrained by the Fourier uncertainty principle: high temporal resolution smears out electronic state signatures, while high spectral resolution obscures dynamic information. Here we overcome this limitation using time-resolved quantum ghost spectroscopy (tr-QGS) with entangled photon pairs, which enables independent control of temporal and spectral scales. We apply this approach to perylene bismide (PBI-1) trimers for energy transfer,by combining a quantum description of light-molecule interaction with time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (TD-DMRG) simulations. This explicitly includes five vibrational modes and nonadiabatic coupling between electronic states. Our simulations reveal that tr-QGS uniquely captures electronic coherence oscillating at 0.7 eV for >50 fs, a signature of nonadiabatic coupling that was obscured in conventional time-resolved fluorescence due to Fourier-limited broadening. Moreover, we observe a direct transfer from electronic to vibrational coherence at 200 fs, providing real-time visualization of vibronic relaxation pathways. The entangled photon correlation enables a sensitivity below the shot-noise limit and suppresses photobleaching artifacts that plague classical measurements. These results establish tr-QGS as a transformative tool for interrogating nonadiabatic dynamics in molecular aggregates, light-harvesting complexes, and photocatalysts, offering a route to reveal quantum coherence in chemistry with unprecedented time-energy precision.

Shift vectors play a central role in nonlinear optics and transport phenomena, where they are usually understood as charge-center shifts associated with transitions between quantum states. Here we show that the same geometric structure can be more fundamentally understood as the intrinsic dipole moment of a single correlated state. Our derivation clarifies the local and global aspects of gauge invariance, the origin of the phase-gradient term, and its connection to the internal coherence structure of many-body correlations. The single-state shift character appears both as a displacement of the real-space joint probability density and as a linear electric-field modification in energy space. Applying this framework to optically induced correlations, electron-phonon-mediated processes, and excitonic electron-hole states, we recover previously proposed shift vectors and the standard expression for the shift current as special cases. Our results establish a common physical foundation for shift vectors as intrinsic dipolar properties of correlated electronic states.

Macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT), a cornerstone of Leggett's program, is deeply linked with instanton physics, yet its experimental verification remains elusive. This Perspective demonstrates that the quantum Rabi model manifests observable, instanton-like effects via quantum simulation. In the MQT regime, qubit-boson interactions drive Polyakov's energy bifurcation, governing tunneling and spontaneous symmetry breaking. Mapping the quantum Rabi model onto an effective double-well potential reveals that while tunneling suppression induces spontaneous symmetry breaking, instanton-like contributions act to restore it. This mechanism enables experimental access to the classical Euclidean action of an effective instanton-like particle, offering a route to probe non-perturbative phenomena.

We investigate whether neighbor-density-weighted marked correlation functions (MCFs) can extract cosmological information beyond the standard redshift-space two-point correlation function (2PCF). Using the Kun suite of 129 $w_0w_a$CDM$+\sum m_ν$ simulations in $1~h^{-1}{\rm Gpc}$ boxes, we construct Gaussian-process emulators for the normalized scale statistic $\widehat{W}^α(s)$ and the angular statistic $\widehat{W}^α_{Δs}(μ)$. We perform joint analyses combining multiple mark parameters $α$ and quantify the information gain using the FoM in the $Ω_m$--$σ_8$ plane. Relative to the 2PCF case, three-mark combinations improve the FoM by factors of $1.7$--$2.5$, while five-mark combinations increase the gain to $1.9$--$2.4$, depending on the statistic and mark definition. We further compare density and normalized-gradient marks, finding that they are nearly redundant for isotropic statistics but complementary for angular statistics, where their combination improves the FoM by up to $43\%$. Tests of scale range and halo selection show that the marked statistics remain robust under changes in analysis choices, with the angular statistic retaining additional cosmological information that is less sensitive to tracer selection. Our results demonstrate that MCFs substantially enhance cosmological constraints beyond the standard 2PCF and provide a robust probe for next-generation galaxy surveys.

Large language models are moving scientific research from text assistance toward agentic workflows, yet biological research requires strong object validation, methodological suitability, reproducibility, and auditability. Prompt engineering, general RAG, or tool use alone cannot reliably produce domain-specific scientific judgment. Here, we present PRAXIS, a verifiable biological research agent framework driven by literature learning and case distillation. PRAXIS converts research experience, failure boundaries, domain rules, and executable procedures into structured long-term memory. By coordinating successful cases, negative cases, rules, and skills, PRAXIS supports problem definition, object validation, method selection, workflow execution, result interpretation, and review feedback across diverse biocomputational tasks. We instantiated PRAXIS as an agent suite for biomedical computing and evaluated it through object validation, case retrieval, memory ablation, public benchmarks, and cross-agent workflows. The results show that case-based learning improves method selection, error suppression, and workflow organization in complex biological research tasks. Rather than replacing scientists, PRAXIS provides a general pathway for transforming research experience into executable, auditable, and transferable agent capabilities.

In the torn paper channel, a transmitted codeword is broken at random locations into fragments that arrive at the decoder in an unordered manner. A central theoretical challenge within this model is global alignment -- the task of determining each fragment's original position -- in order to faithfully reconstruct the entire codeword. Prior work by Shomorony and Vahid introduced an interleaved-pilot scheme that successfully achieved a vanishing error probability. However, their alignment strategy relies heavily on global statistics, requiring fragments to exceed a minimum length and effectively discarding many shorter ones as erasures, which results in rates significantly below capacity. To address this gap, we propose an improved coding scheme that achieves a provable rate increase through a novel approach we call \textit{local alignment}. This approach identifies global alignment bits within each fragment using only local information, allowing the decoder to determine the positions of fragments that are shorter than those used in previous work. Consequently, the decoder can extract information from a much larger fraction of the channel output than in previous work, yielding significantly higher rates. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to torn paper coding with lost pieces (TPC-LP), a generalized model that accounts for length-dependent fragment deletion. For a class of TPC-LP channels that delete all fragments below a logarithmic length threshold while allowing arbitrary length-dependent deletion probabilities for longer fragments, we show that the proposed local alignment strategy achieves an arbitrarily small additive gap to capacity as the threshold increases.

In this paper, a novel kinematic framework for fiber-reinforced composite materials is presented. For this purpose, we use the multiple natural configurations in conjunction with the multi-continuum theory of Bedford and Stern~(1972). Keeping the underlying physics of the proposed kinematics consistent. The proposed kinematics results in a three-term decomposition of the deformation gradient i.e. $\mathbf{F}=\mathbf{F}^e\mathbf{F}^r_α\mathbf{F}^d_α$, where $α$ represents either the matrix or the fiber. After discussing the kinematic framework in detail, we use this new kinematic framework to characterize the damage contents associated with four damage mechanisms. These damage mechanisms are matrix cracking, fiber breakage, interfacial slip or debonding, and delamination. While the first two are derived by measuring the incompatibility of the pertinent configuration occupied by individual constituents, the latter two involve a relative displacement between either the constituents or the laminæ. The geometric interpretation corresponding to these damage mechanisms is also presented using tools from differential geometry. The derived damage contents can be used in developing an appropriate constitutive model for laminated composites undergoing damage.

Evolved stars are among the primary sources of chemical enrichment and dust production in galaxies. During the giant phases, stars return a substantial fraction of their mass to the interstellar medium (ISM) through stellar winds, enriching galaxies with newly synthesized elements and dust. However, the atmospheric structure and physical processes that initiate mass loss remain poorly constrained observationally. Understanding the origin, structure, and evolution of stellar chromospheres remains a long-standing problem in stellar astrophysics. While the mechanisms responsible for chromospheric heating and atmospheric dynamics are not fully understood even in the Sun, they become more complex in evolved stars due to pulsation, shocks, convection, extended atmospheres, and possible magnetic activity. Determining the thermal, density, and velocity structure of these extended atmospheres is therefore essential for understanding atmospheric heating, the onset of mass loss, and the late stages of stellar evolution. High-resolution NUV and FUV spectroscopy (R ~ 30,000-100,000) provided by HST/STIS occupies a unique observational parameter space that cannot be replaced by existing facilities. HST/STIS therefore remains essential for understanding the atmospheric physics and mass-loss processes of evolved stars. We highlight the need to preserve and prioritize high-resolution NUV and FUV spectroscopic capabilities with HST. Such programs would provide essential benchmarks for stellar atmosphere modeling, complement ongoing ALMA and optical observations, and help define future UV-optical capabilities for the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO).

Particle transport and energy flow are central to a wide range of phenomena in the natural sciences. While interactions generically promote ergodicity and diffusion, quantum interference can arrest transport, defying classical expectations. Here, we experimentally investigate their interplay in a periodically driven 3D quantum gas with tunable interactions. Strikingly, we find a sharp dynamical boundary separating localization from diffusive energy absorption. By tuning the driving amplitude and interaction strength, we map the localization-delocalization phase diagram and characterize this boundary via finite-time scaling. On the insulating side, we observe many-body dynamical localization (MBDL) featuring arrested momentum-space transport. Transport becomes subdiffusive near the boundary and diffusive in the delocalized regime, yielding a metal-insulator transition that we interpret as localization in many-body Hilbert space. Our results exemplify an interaction-enabled dynamical phase transition in a closed Floquet many-body system, and clarify how coherence and interactions jointly govern the quantum-to-classical transition.

The high-mass slope of the stellar initial mass function (IMF), first measured by Salpeter in 1955, appears nearly universal across star-forming environments, yet its physical origin remains unknown. Using the multiscale extraction method getsf, we measure the filament linear density function (FLDF) across seven nearby molecular clouds ($140-920$ pc) spanning a wide range of star-forming activity. The scale-dependent FLDF steepens systematically from shallow slopes on small spatial scales to a Salpeter-like slope on the largest scale. When integrated over the full hierarchy of scales, the composite FLDF follows a power law ${\rm d}N/{\rm d}\logΛ\propto Λ^{-α}$ with $α\approx 1.30-1.34$, indistinguishable from the Salpeter value of $1.35$, and this composite slope is the same across all clouds despite an order-of-magnitude spread in their supercritical-filament fractions. The universal stellar mass spectrum thus appears to be encoded already in the hierarchical filamentary structure of the cold interstellar medium.

A Micromegas-based active target Time Projection Chamber, namely Saha Active Target TPC (SAT-TPC), is under development at Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics for its application in nuclear astrophysics experiment to measure the branching ratio of the direct and sequential decay of the Hoyle state of $^{12}$C. A bulk Micromegas was characterized to optimize its operating parameters and its performance for $α$-particle tracking was investigated using gas mixtures Ar + CO$_{2}$ (90:10) and Ar + i-C$_4$H$_{10}$ (95:5) at atmospheric pressure using 5.9~keV X-ray and 5.48~MeV $α$-particles from radioactive sources. A hydrodynamic transport model was used to simulate the charge-deposit profile of the $α$-particle track on the Micromegas readout and compared to the experimental data to complement the experimental measurement as well as validate the numerical model. A good agreement was observed that confirmed the suitability of the choice of the bulk Micromegas in the development of the SAT-TPC prototype and the hydrodynamic modelling of the detector dynamics

A. Bondal's symplectic groupoid of triangular bilinear forms induces a Poisson structure on the space $\mathcal{A}_n$ of $n \times n$ unipotent upper-triangular matrices. It is governed by the classical $\mathfrak{so}(n)$ reflection equation. L. Chekhov and M. Shapiro described log-canonical coordinates on this groupoid via the $\mathcal{A}_n$-quiver. We introduce a birational Weyl group action on this symplectic groupoid, generated by cluster transformations associated with certain cycles of the quiver. We prove that the Poisson subalgebra of Weyl group invariants is a finite central extension of the algebra generated by the matrix entries of $\mathcal{A}_n$. J. Song embedded the $\imath$-quantum group of type $\mathrm{AI}_n$ into the quantum cluster algebra of the $Σ_n$-quiver (obtained by adding frozen vertices to the $\mathcal{A}_{n+1}$-quiver). Utilizing our Weyl group action, we determine the exact image of this embedding in the classical case, proving it is Poisson isomorphic to a quotient algebra of Weyl group invariants. V. Fock and L. Chekhov defined a Poisson map $ϕ_n$ from the Teichmüller space $\mathcal{T}_{g,s}$ into $\mathcal{A}_n$. To describe the cluster structure of $\operatorname{Im}(ϕ_n)$, we apply a cluster Poisson reduction to $\mathcal{A}_n$ based on the rank condition $\operatorname{rank}(A+A^T) \le 4$, which is satisfied by all $A \in \operatorname{Im}(ϕ_n)$. Although the solution set of this condition has multiple irreducible components, the Weyl group acts transitively on them, making the corresponding reductions conjugate. Thus, it suffices to determine the reduction on a single component. Finally, we show that the longest element of the Weyl group corresponds to a cluster DT-transformation on the $\mathcal{A}_{2k}$-quiver, providing a canonical basis for the cluster algebra, whereas no reddening sequence exists for odd $n$.

In this letter, we propose a new wireless sensing system equipped with a rotatable antenna (RA) array to enhance the sensing performance of a uniform sparse array (USA). To tackle the severe spatial undersampling issues, we propose a novel tensor decomposition-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm. Specifically, we introduce a synchronous multiple rotation pattern for active target probing such that the received signals across multiple rotations to capture the diverse spatial degree of freedoms. Subsequently, we mathematically formulate the received signals across successive rotations as a third-order tensor, and leverage the canonical polyadic decomposition to obtain the factor matrices incorporating the DOA of targets. By analyzing the extrema distribution laws of array steering vector correlation (SVC) and gain SVC of RAs, we propose to combine the array and gain factor matrices via the Kronecker product, which theoretically guarantees the unambiguous DOA estimation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RA-enhanced tensor decomposition-based algorithm achieves high-precision and unambiguous sensing performance compared to conventional uniform dense arrays and omnidirectional antenna systems.

The propagation and dissipation of magnetohydrodynamic waves play a key role in transporting energy from the solar photosphere to the chromosphere. Using high-resolution three-dimensional radiative MHD simulations, we investigate the evolution of slow magnetoacoustic waves along magnetic field lines and examine the influence of photospheric vortex flows on wave dynamics and heating. Field-line tracking reveals upward-propagating slow-mode waves that amplify in the stratified atmosphere and steepen into shocks in the chromosphere, producing recurrent plasma surges with characteristic chromospheric shock signatures. Vortex regions are identified using the swirling strength diagnostic with height-dependent Gaussian smoothing to capture expanding vortex structures. A comparison between vortex and non-vortex field lines shows systematically enhanced temperature in vortex regions.Furthermore, a comparison of shock formation height between vortex and non-vortex regions reveals no systematic difference, indicating that rotational flows do not significantly alter the height at which shocks form. However, supersonic upflows at vortex locations exhibit somewhat higher parallel velocities compared to non-vortex regions, suggesting that vortex-driven motions may amplify the velocity of propagating shocks. These results indicate that vortex-driven motions contribute to increased shock dissipation and modify the thermal structure of the lower solar atmosphere, highlighting the coupled role of slow-mode shocks and vortex flows in chromospheric energy transport.

We decompose the ambient Bochner Laplacian acting on tangential vector fields on a thin shell around an arbitrary smooth hypersurface $M^n \hookrightarrow \R^{n+1}$ into an intrinsic piece and a radial boundary-shear piece. The intrinsic piece is the deformation Laplacian $Δ_B^{(n)} + \Ric^{(n)}$ on every hypersurface, regardless of extrinsic geometry. The boundary-shear piece is determined entirely by the normal profile of the velocity field. We prove that stress-free (Navier slip) boundary conditions yield the deformation Laplacian universally, and that Hodge (zero tangential vorticity) boundary conditions yield the Hodge Laplacian universally. Both results hold on any smooth hypersurface, not only on surfaces of constant curvature. This extends the sphere-specific results of Temam-Ziane and Miura to the general case and explains the extension-dependence found by Chan, Czubak, and Yoneda on the ellipsoid as a physical boundary-condition dependence. We also derive a continuous one-parameter family of boundary conditions interpolating between the two limits, producing an effective viscous operator $Δ_α= Δ_\Def - 2α\,\Ric - 4α(1-α)S^2$ that couples to the extrinsic geometry (through the shape operator squared) only in the intermediate partial-slip regime.

We introduce the notion of $p$-adic asymptotics, or $p$-asymptotics, to the context of finite-index subgroup and subalgebra enumeration. For finitely generated groups and finite-dimensional algebras, we connect these asymptotics with the poles of their associated local zeta functions. Our two main results establish the smallest real pole for local zeta functions associated with residually nilpotent algebras, as well as its simplicity and residue whenever this algebra is graded. We thereby provide proof to parts of two conjectures raised by Rossmann and give a precise description of the $p$-asymptotic behaviour inside these algebras.

Right-handed neutrinos are naturally induced by dark extra dimension models and play an essential role in neutrino oscillations. The model parameters can be examined by the long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. In this work, we compute the predicted neutrino oscillation spectra within/without extra dimension models and compare them with the experimental data. We find that the neutrino data in the T2K and NOvA experiments are compatible with the standard neutrino oscillation hypothesis. The results set the stringent exclusion limit on the extra dimension model parameters at a high confidence level. The derived constraints on dark dimension right-handed neutrinos are complementary to those results from the collider experiments and cosmological observations.

The shapes of light flavor sea quark distributions of the proton are examined directly from two rounds of NNLO global analysis of HERA $e^{\pm}p$ deep inelastic scattering cross section measurements, termed as HERAshape and the ATLAS measurement of $W^{\pm}/Z$ production from $pp$ collision at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV, termed as ATLASshape. An asymmetric distribution between anti-up ($\ubar$) quark and anti-down ($\dbar$) quark is found in both analysis, showing that the anti-up quark distribution exceeds over anti-down quark distribution in the momentum fraction range $x\in(10^{-2}, 1)$ of these partons. The Gottfried Sum Rule is reevaluated from these extracted parton distribution functions and the obtained value differs surprisingly from that of the NMC and the NuSea Collaborations.

Using standard financial ratios as variables in statistical analyses has been related to several serious problems, such as extreme outliers, asymmetry, non-normality, and non-linearity. The compositional-data methodology has been successfully applied to solve these problems and has always yielded substantially different results when compared to standard financial ratios. An under-researched area is the use of financial log-ratios computed with the compositional-data methodology to predict bankruptcy or the related terms of business default, insolvency or failure. Another under-researched area is the use of machine learning methods in combination with compositional log-ratios. The present article adapts the classical Altman bankruptcy prediction model and some of its extensions to the compositional methodology with pairwise log-ratios and three common statistical and machine learning tools: logistic regression models, k-nearest neighbours, and random forests, and compares the results with standard financial ratios. Data from the sector in the Spanish economy with the largest number of bankrupt firms according to the first two digits of the NACE code (46XX "wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles") were obtained from the Iberian Balance sheet Analysis System. The sample size (31,131 firms, of which 97 were bankrupt) was divided into a training and a validation dataset. The training dataset was downsampled to one healthy firm to each bankrupt firm. No outliers were removed. Focusing on predictive performance, the results show that compositional methods are better than standard ratios in terms of sensitivity (recall), with mixed results regarding specificity, compositional random forests and compositional logistic regression behaving the best.

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) represent a promising therapeutic modality that induces targeted protein degradation by hijacking the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, rational PROTAC design remains challenging due to the complex interplay between molecular structure, target proteins, E3 ligases, and the cellular context. We present TACK, a statistical evaluation of degradation activity on a novel TArgeting Chimeras Knowledge dataset of 3,514 PROTACs and 6,561 degradation endpoints aggregated from three major repositories with standardized molecular representations, protein annotations, and experimental conditions. Using scaffold-based 5x5 cross-validation, we perform a rigorous statistical comparison of three machine learning methods to predict PROTAC degradation activity across three tasks: $DC_{50}$ and Dmax regression, and binary activity classification. Feature ablation demonstrates that cellular context features and simple protein representations rival complex ESM protein embeddings, highlighting the importance of feature engineering over architectural sophistication. Models trained on the best performing features show that potency ($pDC_{50}$, $R^2=0.66$) is substantially more predictable than maximum degradation (Dmax, $R^2=0.36$). In activity prediction, statistical tests support that classical methods (XGBoost and MLP) significantly outperform PROTAC-STAN, a domain-specific graph neural network model (ROC-AUC: 0.85 vs. 0.75, p<0.001). Finally, we propose an ensemble-based uncertainty quantification approach showing that prediction variance correlates with prediction error ($pDC_{50}$: Spearman $ρ= 0.36$, p<0.001; Dmax: $ρ=0.69$, p<0.001), enabling confidence-aware experimental prioritization. Our findings challenge assumptions about specialized architectures for degradation prediction and provide evidence-based guidance for ML-driven PROTAC assessment.

Quantum graph homomorphisms, introduced by Mančinska and Roberson, form a natural quantum relaxation of classical graph homomorphisms. Since this relaxation may create new comparabilities, it could in principle collapse antichains and other order-theoretic configurations. We prove that this does not happen: the quantum homomorphism quasi-order of finite directed graphs is countably universal, and the quantum homomorphism quasi-order of finite planar graphs of maximum degree at most $7$ is also countably universal. Consequently, the same universality holds for finite undirected graphs and for the corresponding quotient partial orders. The result is constructive for finite patterns. Given any finite poset $P$, we explicitly construct finite planar graphs $G_p$, $p\in P$, with $Δ(G_p)\le 7$, such that \[ p\le_P q \quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad G_p\toq G_q. \] For directed graphs, the proof uses disjoint unions of clockwise directed cycles, where quantum and classical homomorphisms coincide. For undirected graphs, the main ingredient is a finite ordered indicator whose terminals are quantum endpoint-forcing. This gives a quantum analogue of the classical ordered-indicator method: the classical endpoint-image condition is replaced by the projection-level vanishing condition \[ F_{a,p}F_{b,q}=0 \] for every illegal ordered terminal pair. The fixed indicator encodes directed-cycle constructions inside planar bounded-degree graphs without creating extra quantum homomorphisms.

Multiqubit positive-partial-transpose (PPT) entangled states play an important role in quantum information theory. We characterize such states of minimum rank in three-qubit system, namely rank four. Depending on whether the Lorentz invariant is zero, we classify such states into two types. The PPT entangled states constructed by unextendible product bases (UPB) have nonzero invariants, which belong to type I. We provide a method to effectively determine whether a state can be constructed from UPB. For states with zero invariant, which belong to type II, we provide an explicit expression up to equivalence of stochastic local operations and classical communications (SLOCC). It turns out that we can represent them with only one complex parameter. We further study SLOCC-equivalence relation within the expression. We also investigate the Lorentz invariants of multiqubit states with rank less than three and analyze their range.

We study the conjecture that a sum of the (g-1)st powers of adjoint Reidemeister torsions for a torus knot is an integer. We prove that the conjecture is true for any torus knot and all non-negative g. To prove the conjecture, we introduce the Verlinde numbers for torus knots from the viewpoint of modular S-matrix and show the recursion formulas and initial values of them. The recursion formulas of Verlinde numbers prove the integrality of the sum of the (g-1)st powers of adjoint Reidemeister torsions. Related to a modular S-matrix, we also provide a birational model of the character variety for a torus knot and show how to recover the adjoint Reidemeister torsion for a torus knot from the Hessian of the polynomial defining the birational model.

Lu \textit{et al.} [Ann. Phys. (Berlin) \textbf{534}, 2100550 (2022)] posed the question of whether bound entangled states can be used for ancilla-assisted quantum process tomography (AAQPT). In this work, we answer this question in the affirmative by explicitly demonstrating that certain bound entangled states can be used for AAQPT. We further show that, although local filtering operations may improve the trace norm of the realignment criterion, they are essentially ineffective for AAQPT, as they render the resulting states \emph{unfaithful} and therefore unsuitable for reliable process reconstruction. Further, we investigate the efficiency of bound entangled states for AAQPT and establish quantitative bounds by comparing their performance with Werner and isotropic states. Our results therefore provide a new application of bound entangled states in the context of ancilla-assisted quantum process tomography.

Hub-filament systems (HFSs) play an important role in the formation of massive stars and star clusters. Although the velocity structures along dense filaments have been studied, the gas kinematics in the low density inter-filament regions has not been investigated. We use $^{13}$CO ($J$ = 1--0) and C$^{18}$O ($J$ = 1--0) observations obtained with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope to study the gas dynamics towards the Monoceros R2 (Mon R2) HFS. From the $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O data, tracing low- and high-density gas, respectively, we identify velocity coherent structures and divide them into filaments (Fs) and inter-filamentary regions (IFs). We estimate velocity gradients ($Δv$) and mass accretion rates ($\dot{M}$) along ($\parallel$) and across ($\perp$) the Fs and IFs. The mean ratio of $\dot{M}_\parallel$ to $\dot{M}_\perp$ in Fs is 6.8, while that in IFs is 1.5. These results show that the overall gas within both Fs and IFs flows directly into the hub and the gas flows faster along the Fs than the IFs. In addition, we found that at least 30\% of the gas mass in the IFs may flow towards the Fs replenishing the latter with new matter. Our study reveals the importance of considering the total gas mass reservoir, both low- and high-density, infalling into the hub and promoting the formation of massive stars, which are preferentially located in the hub of Mon R2.

We study the asymptotic behaviour of widely used tests for evaluating and comparing predictive accuracy when forecast errors exhibit heavy tails. In particular, when loss differentials have infinite variance, the Diebold-Mariano test statistic converges to a nonstandard limit involving non-Gaussian stable random variables. As a consequence, conventional critical values can yield severely distorted inference: a nominal 5$\%$ test may reject a true null as often as 70$\%$ of the time. To establish these results, we develop a new stable limit theorem for strongly mixing, infinite-variance time series processes. Building on this theory, we consider sub-sampling-based inference that remains valid irrespective of tail-heaviness and requires no estimation of long-run variances or tail indices. An application to risk forecasts for emerging-market exchange rates shows that accounting for heavy tails can substantially alter conclusions about predictive performance relative to standard procedures.

We study how quasinormal-mode frequencies may encode information about the effective matter source responsible for black-hole hair. Using the established eikonal correspondence between quasinormal modes and unstable null geodesics, we relate shifts in the ringdown spectrum to perturbations of the photon-orbit frequency and Lyapunov exponent. The black hole hair is treated as an anisotropic fluid perturbatively added to the vacuum black holes (Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes). In particular, we derive formulas which allow one to directly read off deviations from the Schwarzschild or Kerr QNM spectrum in terms of the corresponding equation-of-state parameters of the anisotropic fluid. Under this setting, independent of energy conditions, our formulas offer a systematic method to compute quasi-normal mode frequencies for a broad class of hairy black holes.

I study commercial revenue at 26 finance journals over 1999-2025, exploiting the Elsevier Finance Journal Ecosystem as a quasi-natural experiment. Using synthetic control, ecosystem membership generated approximately 54-59 million USD in projected long-run revenue. The effect is highly concentrated: four journals account for 95 percent of the gain. Decomposing the effect, 89 percent operates through expanded publication volume rather than per-paper price increases. The citation channel dominates: ecosystem coordination elevated measured impact metrics, attracting additional submissions and generating article-processing-charge revenue through publication volume. The findings speak to the economics of coordinated networks in information-goods markets.