We derive the reduced Dirac Hamiltonian on the non-rotating BTZ background and use its redshift structure to construct a gauge-covariant single-band lattice model on the constant-time BTZ cylinder. In equal-area coordinates the AdS radius $L$ fixes the local Gaussian curvature, while the horizon radius $r_h$ fixes the throat size and the strength of the near-horizon redshift. The lattice model therefore has a direct geometric interpretation and is not presented as an unshown reduction of the two-component Dirac lattice. Its angular Fourier transform yields an exact curved Harper equation with BTZ-dependent hopping amplitudes and a consistent dimensionless angular quasi-momentum. We then supplement global parameter scans with state-resolved diagnostics: spectra color-coded by mean radius, local density of states, direct flux-response versus radius correlations, and Aharonov--Bohm spectral flow and persistent current on the BTZ cycle. These results show that weaker curvature sharpens the butterfly-like fragmentation, whereas larger horizons suppress both magnetic and Aharonov--Bohm response by creating weakly dispersing near-horizon states.

We presents a unified and concise exposition of key topics in the mathematical theory of open quantum systems, developed within the framework of operator algebras. The manuscript consolidates and extends a series of invited articles originally prepared for the Modern Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics, combining foundational material with modern perspectives on non-equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics. After introducing the C*- and W*-algebraic formulation of quantum mechanics, the paper reviews quantum dynamical systems, KMS states, and Tomita-Takesaki modular theory, as well as CCR and CAR algebras for bosonic and fermionic systems. Particular emphasis is placed on infinite systems, non-equilibrium steady states, entropy production, and linear response theory. The later sections develop a systematic treatment of small systems coupled to reservoirs, open lattice quantum spin systems, culminating in a detailed discussion of competing notions of quantum entropy production. The presentation highlights structural insights, conceptual clarity, and connections between equilibrium and non-equilibrium phenomena, providing a self-contained reference for researchers and graduate students in mathematical physics.

We propose to work on the Euclidean black hole solution with a corner rather than with the prevalent conical singularity. As a result, we find that the Wald formula for black hole entropy can be readily obtained for generic $F(R_{abcd})$ gravity by using both the action without the corner term and the action with the corner term due to their equivalence to the first order variation. With such an equivalence, we further make use of a special diffeomorphism to accomplish a direct derivation of the ADM Hamiltonian conjugate to the Killing vector field normal to the horizon in the Lorentz signature as a conjugate variable of the inverse temperature in the grand canonical ensemble.

We present a comprehensive study of the temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent magnetization, specific heat, and local crystal structure across the first-order ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition in Eu$_2$In. Anomalies in the magnetocaloric response are observed near $H \approx 25$~kOe, including changes in field scaling of magnetic entropy, local entropy exponent, and universal master curve, which suggest an apparent weakening of the first-order character of the transition. However, quantitative analysis of the magnetocaloric parameters together with modified Arrott plots demonstrates that the transition remains first order up to at least 70~kOe. Specific-heat measurements reveal a field-induced splitting of the sharp zero-field anomaly into a doublet, providing a natural explanation for the change in the magnetocaloric response. Magnetic field dependent extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements show no detectable field-induced changes in the local coordination environment of Eu. We therefore attribute these observations to a magnetic field induced two-step transition process in Eu$_2$In.

Quantum communication between remote chips is essential for realizing large-scale superconducting quantum computers. For such communication, itinerant microwave photons propagating through transmission lines offer a promising approach. However, demonstrations to date have relied on frequency-tunable circuit elements to compensate for fabrication-related parameter variations between sender and receiver devices, introducing control complexity and limiting scalability. In this work, we demonstrate deterministic quantum state transfer and remote entanglement generation between fixed-frequency superconducting qubits on separate chips. To compensate for the sender-receiver mismatch, we employ a frequency-tunable photon-generation technique which enables us to adjust the photon frequency without modifying circuit parameters. To enhance the frequency tunability, we implement broadband transfer resonators composed of two coupled coplanar-waveguide resonators, achieving a bandwidth of more than 100 MHz. This broadband design enables successful quantum communication across a 30-MHz range of photon frequencies between the remote qubits. Quantum process tomography reveals state transfer fidelities of around 79% and Bell-state fidelities of around 73% across the full frequency range. Our approach avoids the complexity of the control lines and noise channels, providing a flexible pathway toward scalable quantum networks.

This contribution presents a model order reduction strategy for fast parametric modelling of problems with cracks formulated on spline discretizations. In the context of damage detection, parametric reduced order models (ROMs) are well suited for fast computations by establishing an efficient offline/online split of the simulation process. The problems of interest focus on geometric parameters that describe the crack configuration and may pose challenges to constructing efficient ROMs. This work proposes a framework based on non-intrusive reduced basis methods and a localization strategy tailored to parametric problems with moving discontinuities. The combined benefits of non-intrusive ROMs and localization enable accurate and efficient reduction with low online cost. We demonstrate the applicability of the ROM approach with benchmark tests on linear elastic problems discretized with splines and the extended isogeometric method (XIGA) for crack modelling. The results we obtain show the accuracy and real-time efficiency of the constructed reduced order models.

Understanding how simple local interactions give rise to emergent exploration patterns is a fundamental question in statistical physics. We introduce a minimal model of two coupled agents that avoid retracing their own paths while being attracted to the trails left by one another. This system is inspired by, but not limited to, pheromone-guided insect navigation. The coupling of self-avoidance and attraction generates rich emergent behavior, including distinct anomalous diffusion regimes, non-Gaussian position distributions, and compressed exponential encounter statistics. Most notably, we identify new universality classes for coupled random walks, characterized by unique scaling laws and distributional properties that, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported. These findings advance the theoretical understanding of coupled stochastic processes with memory and interaction feedback, providing a framework for exploring transport phenomena in a broad range of multi-agent systems beyond biological contexts.

We explore the idea of quark-lepton unification at low energies. In particular, we discuss the minimal framework for matter unification at the multi-TeV scale, in which neutrino masses are necessarily generated via the inverse seesaw mechanism. To assess the testability of this theory for physics beyond the Standard Model, we analyze current experimental constraints and derive the corresponding lower bound on the symmetry breaking scale. We reexamine the impact of existing limits from lepton number violating meson decays, taking into account the freedom associated with unknown quark-lepton mixing angles. Furthermore, we study the correlation between bounds from meson decays and $μ\to e$ conversion. We demonstrate that the upcoming $μ\to e$ conversion experiment at Fermilab can play a crucial role in probing quark-lepton unification at the multi-TeV scale.

We present a single-quench protocol that generates unitary $k$-designs with minimal control. A system first evolves under a random Hamiltonian $H_1$; at a switch time $t_s \geq t_{\mathrm{Th}}$ (the Thouless time), it is quenched to an independently drawn $H_2$ from the same ensemble and then evolves under $H_2$. This single quench breaks residual spectral correlations that prevent strictly time-independent chaotic dynamics from forming higher-order designs. The resulting ensemble approaches a unitary $k$-design using only a single control operation -- far simpler than Brownian schemes with continuously randomized couplings or protocols that apply random quenches at short time intervals. Beyond offering a direct route to Haar-like randomness, the protocol yields an operational, measurement-friendly definition of $t_{\mathrm{Th}}$ and provides a quantitative diagnostic of chaoticity. It further enables symmetry-resolved and open-system extensions, circuit-level single-quench analogs, and immediate applications to randomized measurements, benchmarking, and tomography.

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of massive particles and the associated gravitational waveforms in the spacetime of a black hole within the framework of Einstein-Bumblebee gravity. Our analysis encompasses both charged and uncharged black hole configurations, with a particular focus on the spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking mechanism inherent to this model, which is governed by a dimensionless coupling parameter $l$. We analyze the geodesic equations and the effective potential to determine the allowed parameter space for bound orbits, demonstrating that in the charged case, both the Lorentz-violating parameter $l$ and the electric charge $Q$ significantly enhance the confinement capacity of the potential, thereby broadening the energy and angular momentum windows for bound states. A key focus is placed on the classification and properties of periodic orbits, characterized by rational frequency ratios using the whirl, zoom, and vertex taxonomy. We demonstrate that in the uncharged case ($Q=0$), the radial effective potential and standard innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) properties are degenerate with those of a Schwarzschild black hole. However, despite this degeneracy in static potential properties, the structure of periodic orbits exhibits qualitative differences, providing a possible observational signature that can break this degeneracy. Finally, we compute the corresponding gravitational waveforms extracted from these periodic orbits using the quadrupole formula. The results reveal that $l$ and $Q$ introduce contrasting phase-shifting effects on the waveforms. This suggests that bumblebee gravity leaves measurable imprints on gravitational-wave signals that could be detected by future space-based gravitational-wave observatories.

The dynamics of self-similar Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) mixing layers are investigated across a broad range of Atwood and Reynolds numbers using the statistically stationary Rayleigh-Taylor (SRT) flow configuration - a computational framework that enables simulation of self-similar RT flows at reduced cost compared to conventional temporally growing mixing layers. Normalizations are developed for all dominant non-transport terms in the continuity, mixed mass, and turbulent kinetic energy budgets in terms of the input parameters: the mixing layer height $h$, gravitational acceleration $g$, and fluid densities $ρ_H$ and $ρ_L$. Most normalized quantities collapse well across the parameter space. In some cases, variations in the Atwood number $A$ (or equivalently, the density ratio $R$) lead to consistent integral magnitudes but spatially shifted profiles. These shifts are primarily related to a division by density and are similarly observed in the analytical solution of the one-dimensional variable-density diffusion problem. The analysis introduces a reference density for the mixed mass, examines trends in Favre-averaged statistics, and derives a scaling law for the growth rate of the mixing layer. For height definitions encompassing the full extent of the layer, the conventional growth parameter, $α= \dot{h}^2/4Agh$, varies with Atwood number. Our analysis leads to an alternative formulation using an effective Atwood number, $A^*= (\ln R)/2$, that is consistent with the scaling proposed by Belen'kii & Fradkin (Trudy FIAN, vol. 29, 1965, pp. 207-238). The corresponding growth parameter, $α^*=\dot{h}^2/4A^*gh$, remains nearly constant across all Atwood numbers considered, offering a unified scaling for variable-density RT flows.

URLs serve as bridges between social media platforms and the broader web, linking user-generated content to external information resources. On Twitter (X), approximately one in five tweets contains at least one URL, underscoring their central role in information dissemination. While prior studies have examined the motivations of authors who share URLs, such author-centered intentions are difficult to observe in practice. To enable broader downstream use, this work investigates reader-centered interpretations, i.e., how users perceive the intentions behind hyperlinks included in posts. We develop an intent taxonomy for including hyperlinks in social posts through a hybrid approach that begins with a bottom-up, data-driven process using large-scale crowdsourced annotations, and is then refined using a large language model (LLM) assistance to generate descriptive category names and precise definitions. The final taxonomy comprises 6 top-level categories and 26 fine-grained intention classes, capturing diverse communicative purposes. Applying this taxonomy, we annotate and analyze 1,000 user posts, revealing that advertising, arguing, and sharing are the most prevalent intentions. We further compare our taxonomy with existing taxonomies and demonstrate its utility in a microblog retrieval task by incorporating intent as an additional feature. Overall, our taxonomy provides a foundation for intent-aware information retrieval and NLP applications, enabling more accurate retrieval, recommendation, and interpretation of social media content.

Recent studies have shown that a spatially random Yukawa-type interaction between a Fermi surface and critical bosons can produce linear-in-temperature resistivity, the defining signature of strange metals. In this article, we systematically classify all scalar couplings of the form $(ψ^{\dagger}ψ)^nϕ^m$ in arbitrary dimensions to identify possible candidates for strange-metal behaviour within this disordered framework. We find that only spatially random Yukawa-type interaction in $(2+1)$ dimensions can yield linear resistivity. This indicates that linear resistivity is not a universal property of all spatially random scalar coupling, and strange-metal property replies on both dimensions and interaction type.

We introduce a streamlined procedure for constructing small symplectic $4$-manifolds via contact gluing, based on a technique invented by David Gay around 2000. We give several applications of this procedure, which include results concerning embeddings of singular Lagrangian $RP^2$s, or embeddings of lens spaces as a hypersurface of contact type, in small rational surfaces such as $CP^2\#\overline{CP^2}$ and $S^2\times S^2$, as well as results on the uniqueness or classification of $Q$-homology ball symplectic fillings. Further work on the classification of singular Lagrangian $RP^2$s is suggested. Moreover, our investigation on the $S^1$-invariant contact structures suggests an interesting and fairly strong upper bound for the self-intersection of a rational unicuspidal curve with one Puiseux pair $(p,q)$ in any algebraic surface (the bound depends only on the values $p,q$), and for the symplectic version, we prove the existence of an ``optimal" symplectic rational unicuspidal curve in a rational $4$-manifold which realizes the upper bound for any given Puiseux pair $(p,q)$. Our results also suggest a revisit of the ``symplectic divisorial capping" problem first considered by Li and Mak. Further applications of the techniques developed in this paper hinge upon better understandings on the tightness and fillability criterions of $S^1$-invariant contact structures as well as their (small) symplectic fillings.

Emission-line galaxies (ELGs) are an important tracer of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) and large-scale structure (LSS) at $z > 1$. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using deep wide-area multi-band imaging (e.g., from the Rubin Observatory) to efficiently select high redshift ELGs. Using Hyper Supreme-Cam $grizy$ photometry and COSMOS2020 many-band photometric redshifts, we designed simple color cuts guided by a probabilistic random forest classifier to select galaxies at $z = 1.1$--$1.6$. We then empirically tested and refined these color cuts using two samples of galaxies with deep spectroscopy and broad color coverage obtained with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). Compared to DESI ELGs at $z = 1.1$--$1.6$, we achieve a higher redshift measurement success rate (89% versus 69%), a much higher correct redshift range success rate (84% versus 34%), and a far higher net surface density yield (1372 $\mathrm{deg^{-2}}$ versus 660 $\mathrm{deg^{-2}}$). Combining our sample with current DESI ELGs would increase the net ELG number density by a factor of $\sim3$, moving it out of the shot-noise limited regime and reducing the uncertainties on the BAO scale parameter at $z = 1.1$--$1.6$ by a factor of $\sim 2$.

Lead-free Cs$_3$Cu$_2$X$_5$ (X = Cl, Br, I) halides exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields and excellent ambient stability, yet light-emitting devices based on these materials remain limited by poor optical outcoupling. In this work, we develop an integrated density functional theory (DFT) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) framework to establish quantitative links between halide composition, wavelength-dependent optical constants, and plasmonic enhancement. First-principles calculations are used to obtain composition-specific refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) spectra, which are directly implemented into three-dimensional FDTD simulations of a complete PeLED stack incorporating Ag/SiO$_2$ core--shell nanostructures. Among the investigated compositions, Cs$_3$Cu$_2$Cl$_5$ demonstrates the strongest plasmonic response, achieving a 4.4$\times$ Purcell enhancement and 30\% light extraction efficiency (LEE) using optimized nanorods. The superior performance originates from its lower refractive index, which reduces dielectric screening and improves near-field coupling. Cs$_3$Cu$_2$Br$_5$ exhibits the highest spectral overlap ($J_{\mathrm{cos}} = 0.955$) but yields moderate extraction (26%) due to increased optical confinement. Cs$_3$Cu$_2$I$_5$ requires a nanosphere geometry and shows limited enhancement, with LEE restricted to 10%. Distance-ependent analysis reveals composition-specific optimal emitter--plasmon separations, ranging from 8--12 nm for Cs$_3$Cu$_2$Br$_5$ to approximately 15 nm for Cs$_3$Cu$_2$Cl$_5$. These results provide composition-dependent design guidelines for plasmon-enhanced lead-free PeLEDs and highlight the critical role of accurate optical constants in predictive device optimization.

Standard optimal growth models implicitly impose a ``perpetual existence'' constraint, which can ethically justify infinite misery in stagnant economies. This paper investigates the optimal longevity of a dynasty within a Critical-Level Utilitarian (CLU) framework. By treating the planning horizon as an endogenous choice variable, we establish a structural isomorphism between static population ethics and dynamic growth theory. Our analysis derives closed-form solutions for optimal consumption and longevity in a roundabout production economy. We show that under low productivity, a finite horizon is structurally optimal to avoid the creation of lives not worth living. This result suggests that the termination of a dynasty can be interpreted not as a failure of sustainability, but as an altruistic termination to prevent intergenerational suffering. We also highlight an ethical asymmetry: while a finite horizon is optimal for declining economies, growing economies under intergenerational equity demand the ultimate sacrifice from the current generation.

We study an infinite system of ordinary differential equations that models the evolution of coagulating and fragmenting clusters, which we assume to be composed of identical units. Under very mild assumptions on the coefficients we prove existence, uniqueness and positivity of solutions of a corresponding semi-linear Cauchy problem in a weighted $\ell^1$ space. This requires the application of novel results, which we prove for abstract semi-linear Cauchy problems in Banach lattices where the non-linear term is defined only on a dense subspace.

In this work, the production mechanisms of the hyperon resonances $Λ(1405)$ and $Λ(1520)$ in the $π^- p$ scattering are investigated within an effective Lagrangian approach incorporating Regge trajectories. By including contributions from $t$-channel $K^*$ and $u$-channel $Σ$ exchanges, we perform global fits to the total and differential cross sections for $π^{-} p \rightarrow KΛ(1405)$ and $π^{-} p \rightarrow KΛ(1520)$. The results show good agreement with available experimental data. For the total cross section of $Λ(1405)$ production, the $u$-channel contribution is dominant, whereas the $t$-channel contribution plays the primary role in $Λ(1520)$ production. Furthermore, the differential cross sections of the two processes exhibit distinctly different shapes, reflecting their distinct underlying reaction mechanisms. An analysis based on the constituent counting rule indicates that $Λ(1520)$ is consistent with a conventional three-quark configuration, while $Λ(1405)$ shows a clear deviation, suggesting a more exotic structure. Owing to the large branching ratio of $Λ^* \to πΣ$, the Dalitz process $π^{-} p \rightarrow K Λ^{*} \rightarrow K πΣ$ is also calculated. Our results demonstrate that reconstructing $Λ^*$ via the $KπΣ$ final state is experimentally feasible. This study provides important theoretical insights into the production dynamics of these hyperon resonances, and suggests future high-precision measurements of the $t$-distribution at large momentum transfer at facilities such as AMBER, J-PARC, HIKE, and HIAF, which can further clarify their reaction mechanisms and structural properties.

Recent experiments on donor-based spin qubits in silicon have leveraged the exchange interaction between electrons bound to separate donor nuclei to perform two-qubit operations. A consistently observed yet unexplained phenomenon in such systems is the significant increase in electron readout contrast, measured via Elzerman-style readout to a single-electron transistor (SET) island, when the donor nuclei are initialized in a parallel spin orientation compared to an anti-parallel orientation. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of the exchange-coupled donor system in the parallel nuclear regime and propose a physical mechanism for this effect. We attribute the enhanced readout contrast to an additional electron tunneling event to the SET during a single read period, when the donor nuclei are aligned in a parallel spin configuration. These insights inform strategies for improving electron readout fidelity in these systems and contribute to a more complete understanding of spin-dependent tunnelling processes in donor-based qubit architectures.

We study pairs of 4d N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories that share the same vacuum moduli space and the same chiral field content, encoded by a common quiver, but differ in their superpotentials. These theories arise as worldvolume theories on a D3-brane probing a toric Calabi-Yau 3-fold and admit a description in terms of bipartite graphs on a 2-torus, known as brane tilings. Using an explicit example, we show that the correspondence is realized by a single `tilting' mutation along the diagonals of hexagonal faces in the brane tiling, which is equivalent to a specific sequence of Seiberg dualities performed at distinct gauge nodes in the quiver.

We show that a general class of social impact models with higher-order interactions on hypergraphs can be exactly reduced to an equivalent model with pairwise interactions on a weighted projected network. This reduction is made by a mapping that preserves the microscopic probabilities of changing the state of the nodes. As a particular case, we introduce hypergraph-voter models, for which we compute the weights of the projected network both analytically and numerically across several hypergraph ensembles, and we characterize their ordering dynamics through simulations of both higher-order and reduced dynamics. For a linear social impact function (hypergraph-linear voter model) the weights of the projected network are static, allowing us to develop a pair approximation that describes with accuracy the time evolution of macroscopic observables, which turn out to be independent of those weights. The macroscopic dynamics is thus equivalent to that of the standard voter model on the unweighted projected network. For a power-law social impact function (hypergraph-nonlinear voter model) the weights of the projected network depend on the instantaneous system configuration. Nevertheless, the nonlinear voter model on the unweighted projected network still reproduces the main macroscopic trends for well connected hypergraphs.

The identification of fractionalized excitations in quantum spin liquids (QSLs) remains a central challenge in condensed matter physics. In dipolar-octupolar (DO) pyrochlores, such as $\text{Ce}_2\text{Zr}_2\text{O}_7$, the candidate $π$-flux quantum spin ice (QSI) state is predicted to host both gapless emergent photons and a continuum of spinons. However, resolving these modes at zero field is complicated by their spectral overlap and the presence of nonmagnetic scattering near zero energy. Here, we report neutron scattering experiments on $\text{Ce}_2\text{Zr}_2\text{O}_7$ under a magnetic field along the $[1,1,1]$ direction. In contrast to previous unpolarized studies at zero-field that relied on high-temperature subtraction, we use a same-temperature high-field subtraction protocol to isolate the photon mode. Leveraging the selective coupling of the magnetic field to the dipolar degrees of freedom, we demonstrate the spectroscopic demarcation of these excitations. We observe that weak fields ($\approx 0.15$ T) suppress the low-energy photon weight while leaving the high-energy spinon continuum robust, albeit hardened. Our results, supported by gauge mean-field theory and exact diagonalization calculations, provide strong evidence for the $π$-flux QSI state and introduce a powerful field-tuning protocol for investigating DO-QSLs.

Fast, high-fidelity, single-shot readout of superconducting qubits in quantum processors demands quantum-limited amplifiers to preserve the optimal signal-to-noise ratio. Typically, quantum-limited amplification is achieved with parametric down-conversion of a strong pump tone, which imposes significant hardware overhead and severely limits scalability. Here, we demonstrate the first DC-powered broadband amplifier operating within 0.2 photons of the quantum limit. Our impedance-engineered Inelastic Cooper-pair Tunneling Amplifier (ICTA)-a voltage-biased SQUID in which Cooper pairs tunnel inelastically by emitting signal-idler photon pairs-operates in reflection, delivering 13 dB of average gain across a 3.5 GHz bandwidth in a single stage. Semiclassical simulations accurately predict the gain and saturation power, enabling further design improvements. By eliminating the pump-tone infrastructure, the broadband ICTA promises to dramatically reduce the hardware complexity of quantum-limited amplification in superconducting quantum processors.

We investigate how much bias in the initial configuration is required to drive global agreement in synchronous, deterministic majority dynamics on large random $d$-regular graphs. Nodes take values $\pm 1$ and update their states at each discrete time step to align with the majority of their neighbors. Using the backtracking dynamical cavity method (BDCM), we estimate the minimal fraction of initial $+1$ nodes required to achieve a $+1$ consensus in $p$ time steps. Our analysis predicts that for $d\geq4$ an initial global minority of $+1$ nodes is sufficient to quickly steer the entire system toward consensus on $+1$. We then investigate whether such initial conditions can be determined explicitly for a given large random regular graph. To this end, we introduce a new algorithm, which we name history-passing reinforcement (HPR), designed to find such initial configurations with a minority of $+1$ nodes. We find, as a main result, that the HPR algorithm finds initial configurations where the minority takes over the majority for $d$-regular random graphs with $d\geq4$. The HPR algorithm outperforms standard simulated annealing-based methods, but does not reach the lowest densities predicted by the BDCM. Rather, the lowest density achievable by the algorithm is near the onset of a dynamical one-step replica symmetry breaking (d1RSB) phase, which we estimate using a one-step replica symmetry breaking (1RSB) formulation of the BDCM. While we focus on the majority dynamics and random $d$-regular graphs, the algorithm can be extended to other dynamical rules and classes of sparse graphs.

Optimization via decoded quantum interferometry (DQI) has recently gained a great deal of attention as a promising avenue for solving optimization problems using quantum computers. In this paper, we apply DQI to an industrial optimization problem in the automotive industry: the vehicle option-package pricing problem. Our main contributions are 1) formulating the industrial problem as an integer linear program (ILP), 2) converting the ILP into instances of max-XORSAT, and 3) developing a detailed quantum circuit implementation for belief propagation, a heuristic algorithm for decoding LDPC codes. Thus, we provide a full implementation of the DQI algorithm using Belief Propagation, which can be applied to any industrially relevant ILP by first transforming it into a max-XORSAT instance. We also evaluate the effectiveness of our implementation by benchmarking it against both Gurobi and a random sampling baseline.

The Lyman-alpha (Lya) forest is a unique probe of cosmology and the intergalactic medium at high redshift and small scales. The statistical power of the ongoing Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) demands precise theoretical tools to model the Lya forest. We present a hybrid effective field theory (HEFT) forward model in redshift space that leverages the accuracy of non-linear particle displacements computed using the N-body simulation suite AbacusSummit with the predictive power of an analytical, perturbative bias forward model in the framework of the effective field theory (EFT). The residual noise between the model and the simulated Lya field has a nearly white (scale-and orientation-independent) power spectrum on quasi-linear scales, substantially simplifying its modeling compared to a purely perturbative description. As a consequence of the improved control over the 3D Lya forest stochasticity, we find agreement between the modeled and the true power spectra at the 5 per cent level down to scales of k <= 1 h/Mpc. This procedure offers a promising path toward constructing efficient and accurate emulators to predict large-scale clustering summary statistics for full-shape cosmological analyses of Lya forest data from both DESI and its successor, DESI-II.

We develop a full microscopic theory for the optical conductivity, $σ(ω)$, of a dirty current-carrying superconductor. Within the Keldysh sigma model formalism, we obtain the general analytical expression for $σ(ω)$, applicable for arbitrary frequency $ω$, temperature $T$, and dc supercurrent $I$. In addition to altering the usual Mattis-Bardeen conductivity, $σ_1(ω)$, a finite supercurrent introduces two new contributions: $σ_2^\text{qp}(ω)$ from quasiparticle redistribution and $σ_2^\text{SH}(ω)$ from the amplitude (Schmid-Higgs) mode excitation by the ac field. We investigate, both analytically and numerically, the main features of the optical conductivity in the presence of a dc supercurrent. They include a peak in $\text{Re}\,σ(ω)$ above the optical gap and a sign change of $\text{Im}\,σ(ω)$, with both effects becoming more pronounced at higher $I$ and lower $T$. We also elucidate the role of inelastic relaxation, which governs the low-frequency response, leading to a giant microwave absorption and a suppression of the apparent superfluid density at the critical current. The optical conductivity measurement of a superconductor biased by a finite dc supercurrent enables the direct observation of the Schmid-Higgs mode via transport measurements.

We study Anderson localization of a one-dimensional quantum droplet in a speckle-like potential employing the generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We compute the droplet width, density profiles, diffusion exponent and coefficient, and the localization length for both small and large droplets. Interesting classes of anomalous diffusions are obtained in transport dynamics ranging from superdiffusion to subdiffusion for a strong disorder strength. We find that above a certain critical disorder strength the droplet exhibits a transition to Anderson localization. Our results can be redibly probed with recent experiments.

Graph accelerators have emerged as a promising solution for processing large-scale sparse graphs, leveraging the in-situ compu-tation of ReRAM-based crossbars to maximize computational efficiency. However, existing designs suffer from memristor access overhead due to the large number of graph partitions. This leads to increased execution time, higher energy consumption, and re-duced circuit lifetime. This paper proposes a graph processing method that minimizes memristor write operations by identifying frequent subgraph patterns and assigning them to graph engines, referred to as static, allowing most subgraphs to be processed without a need for crossbar reconfiguration. Experimental results show speed up to 2.38x speedup and 7.23x energy savings com-pared to state-of-the-art accelerators. Furthermore, our method extends the circuit lifetime by 2x compared to state-of-the-art ReRAM graph accelerators.