We consider the problem of binary classification in a framework where the predictor $X$ takes values in an arbitrary separable metric space $\mathcal X$ and the label $Y$ values in $\{ \pm 1 \}$. In the first part of this work, we assume that one has direct access to an i.i.d. sample $(X_1,Y_1),\ldots,(X_n,Y_n)$ from the unknown distribution of the pair $(X,Y)$. We derive a convergence rate for the Proto-NN classifier which was recently introduced as a classifier in the presence of metric space-valued predictors. In the second part of the paper, we reconsider the same problem under an additional privacy constraint. More precisely, we work in the framework of local differential privacy where one assumes that the data $(X_1,Y_1),\ldots,(X_n,Y_n)$ cannot be directly observed but only a privatised surrogate obtained through a suitable mechanism satisfying the privacy constraint is available. The statistician should select an optimal privacy mechanism from the class of all mechanism that guarantee local differential privacy. Our method of choice is to add Laplace distributed noise to both a set of in Proto-NN classifier using the privatised data only is universally consistent. Finally, a rate of convergence for the privatised Proto-NN classifier is derived.

We propose a novel anti-twig edge in the honeycomb lattice (HCL) that supports two symmetric high-energy edge states. It is different from the twig edge supporting the zero-energy flat band. Moreover, multiple flat bands are produced by applying a strain to the HCL with a twig edge or an anti-twig edge, and the suppression or enhancement of the high-energy edge state is observed. Under the edge-parallel stretch strain, the high-energy edge state band merges into the bulk band, suppressing the high-energy edge state, while the zero-energy edge state becomes delocalized. On the other hand, under the action of the edge-parallel compression strain, both the high-energy and zero-energy edge states exhibit strong localization. Pseudo-topological protection of the high-energy edge state is explored too. Finally, by reconstructing the anti-twig edge in the HCL, degenerate flat bands and strain-induced multiple flat bands are produced, and topologically protected vacated anti-twig edge states are demonstrated.

Based on effective D-brane actions, we present a generalisation of the Ricci flow that includes the flow of a theory with a $n$-form field strength for $n\geq 0$. This is a generalisation of both the Ricci flows and the generalised Ricci flows. Following Perelman, we show that flows that keep a suitable field-dependent volume fixed are monotonic. We also show that all steady brane flow solitons are gradient solitons and use this to demonstrate that on some occasions this implies the existence of a Killing vector field that leaves all the other fields invariant. Particular cases of gradient solitons are NS5 and D5 branes, and the volume which is kept fixed in these cases is the T-duality invariant volume (NS5 brane) or its S-dual (D5 brane). We also generalise the above analysis to gravitational actions coupled to form gauge potentials that also exhibit a Chern-Simons type term. We find an alteration is required in the adaptation of Perelman's modification to this case, which yields a new functional that also exhibits a Chern-Simons term. Under suitable assumptions, we proceed to prove the monotonicity of the flow and that all steady flow solitons are gradient solitons. We also explore the consequences of the last statement on the geometry of solitons.

This paper investigates distributed beam focusing for coordinated satellite constellations with phased arrays, motivated by future non-terrestrial network (NTN) systems. A geometric and channel model is developed by incorporating satellite positions, array orientations, antenna directivity, and polarization effects. Under ideal synchronization, the achievable coherent combining gain is analyzed for different constellation geometries, showing that maximum ratio transmission (MRT) enables quadratic scaling of the received power with the number of satellites. The impact of phase errors caused by residual synchronization, timing, mobility, and localization mismatches is then investigated. Closed-form expressions for the average coherent gain are derived for uniformly distributed timing offsets, demonstrating the transition from coherent to non-coherent combining. The results show that synchronization and timing mismatches reduce the coherent combining gain, while geometry dependent effects govern the resulting spatial focusing behavior. Numerical results further show that linear and circular constellations provide different focusing characteristics and spatial separation capabilities. However, MRT-based focusing results in strong sidelobes and limited spatial division capability, motivating the need for joint analog beamforming and digital precoding optimization to improve spatial selectivity and robustness against mobility and localization errors.

We prove an optimal $L^1$ stability theorem for Hölder's inequality. Let $p>1$, $q>1$, and $1/p+1/q=1$. If $a_k,b_k\ge 0$ and \[ \sum_{k=1}^n a_k=\sum_{k=1}^n b_k=1, \] then \[ 1-\sum_{k=1}^n a_k^{1/p}b_k^{1/q} \ge \frac1{2pq}\left(\sum_{k=1}^n |a_k-b_k|\right)^2 . \] The constant $1/(2pq)$ is best possible. We also give the corresponding integral form.

The purpose of this article is to determine the gluing data associated to degeneration of local systems to the boundary of the Baily--Borel compactification of a Shimura variety.

We propose a simple ansatz that reduces the sourceless SU(2) Yang--Mills equations in (3+1) dimensions to nine algebraic constraints. Solving these constraints yields three closed-form families of exact wave solutions. \textbf{Family I} embeds linear electromagnetic waves into the non-Abelian theory, with vanishing commutators and dispersion \(ω= kc\). \textbf{Family II} describes genuinely nonlinear self-interacting waves that also propagate at the speed of light but exhibit a constant, gauge-invariant offset in the color-electric field, nonvanishing commutators, and a discrete topological parameter \(ξη= \pm 1\) that controls the position of energy-density nodes (\(θ=0\) or \(θ=π\)). This provides an observable signature with no analogue in Abelian electromagnetism. \textbf{Family III} is a pure gauge solution with vanishing field strengths, valid for arbitrary \(k\) and \(ω\) without any dispersion relation. These exact solutions offer new insights into how non-Abelian self-interactions fundamentally alter wave propagation and serve as benchmarks for numerical simulations, perturbative studies, and experiments on synthetic non-Abelian gauge fields.

High-precision quasi-simultaneous collinear/anticollinear laser spectroscopy was performed to measure the $5s$ $^2S_{1/2}\rightarrow 5p$ $^2P_{1/2}$ (D1), the $5s$ $^2S_{1/2}\rightarrow 5p$ $^2P_{3/2}$ (D2), and the three $4d\rightarrow 5p$ transitions in naturally abundant Sr$^+$ isotopes. For absolute transition frequencies, an accuracy of up to 600 kHz was achieved, while common-mode rejection allowed us to extract isotope shifts with uncertainties down to a level of 200 kHz, one order of magnitude better than previously achieved. The uncertainties of the hyperfine-structure coefficients for $^{87}$Sr of the $5p$ states and the $4d$ $^2D_{3/2}$ levels are also improved. A King plot analysis yielded a field-shift ratio of the D2 and D1 lines of $F_\text{D2}/F_\text{D1}=1.004(5)$, which lies within the theoretically allowed region and can be used as a benchmark for atomic structure theory calculations. We use the information from all stable isotopes in the investigated transitions to compare field-shift and mass-shift constants obtained by various techniques regularly used in the literature, ranging from King-plots with purely experimental input to ab initio atomic structure calculations by state-of-the-art theory. We show that in the region above $N=50$, the charge radii are strongly dependent on the approach being used.

Immersive video, namely 180-degree and 360-degree video designed to be viewed through head-mounted displays, constitutes an important boundary case between interactive VR and conventional two-dimensional video viewing for reconsidering self-experience in XR. In immersive video, the user can select the direction of the viewpoint through head rotation, while being unable to actively change the recorded environment through walking, approaching, grasping, or manipulating. In many cases, no explicit body or avatar corresponding to the user is provided. This paper reinterprets presence in immersive video not as bodily extension or body ownership of an avatar, but as a form of self-experience in which self-location becomes relatively dominant under conditions of reduced body schema availability. This paper calls this condition a self-location-dominant state. In this state, viewpoint-directed agency is retained, whereas environment-directed agency and body ownership are constrained. Nevertheless, events such as viewpoint motion, impact, contact, and direct address may be experienced not merely as changes within an image, but as events concerning the viewpoint position at which the self is located. This paper examines this structure by connecting research on presence, the sense of embodiment, bodily self-consciousness, and the minimal self. The minimal self in immersive video is thereby redescribed not primarily in terms of agency or ownership, but in terms of viewpoint-based self-location established under conditions in which the contribution of the body schema is reduced. This perspective provides a basis for theorising self-experience in non-interactive immersive media and for reconsidering the relation between body, viewpoint, and presence in XR.

We study discrimination problems generated by the same basic Haar-random measurement mechanism at two observational levels. First, we derive an explicit expression for the type-II error in the task of discriminating a Haar-random measure-and-prepare channel from the identity channel $\mathbb{I}$, using a coherence-sensitive entangled tester. Second, after passing to the induced classical measurement records, we compare two random measurement models: one induced by a single collective unitary of the form $U^{\otimes (n_1+n_2)}$ with $U\in U(d)$, and another induced by independent local unitaries $U_1^{\otimes n_1}\otimes U_2^{\otimes n_2}$. For the associated Haar-averaged aggregate histogram laws, in which the block of origin of each count is not retained, we obtain closed-form formulas and quantify their discrepancy through the total variation distance. We derive asymptotic expressions in the fixed-$N$, large-$d$ regime, the fixed-$d$, large-$N$ regime, the sparse joint-scaling regime $N=o(\sqrt d)$, and the critical scaling regime $N/\sqrt d\to c$. We also identify the block-resolved pair-of-histograms law, showing that the aggregate total variation distance is a coarse-grained lower bound on the distinguishability available when block labels are retained.

Using scanning tunneling microscopy, and a careful selection of chiral molecules and anchoring groups, we systematically carried out a series of magnetoresistance experiments. We observed a reversal of the signal upon changing the magnetization direction, the molecular chirality, and the molecular orientation. The orientation of the molecules and the magnetization of the substrate are vectors, and by associating an axial vector with the molecule, the observations can be explained. Other recent experiments, among them null experiments showing no CISS related magnetoresistance can be explained using our framework. The physical interpretation is, that the polar electrical polarization of the molecule cannot play a direct role, while the axial magnetic polarization vector operator is a much more realistic candidate. This vector plays an important role in the creation of a magnetic moment in the interface between molecule and metallic lead.

In this thesis we focus on quasilinear elliptic systems driven by various nonlinear operators, such as the p-Laplacian, and nonlinear sources that are allowed to exhibit both subcritical and critical growth. We aim to establish the existence of solutions for perturbation of specific eigenvalue problems, by employing variational and topological methods. To establish existence results for autonomous systems of quasilinear PDEs in the spirit of the paper by Amann and Zehnder, we develop a local Morse theory for functional associated to quasilinear elliptic systems. By refining topological arguments introduced by Cingolani and Degiovanni in Banach product spaces, we establish the finiteness of the critical groups and we derive a Poincaré-Hopf formula in a Banach product space, in presence of both subcritical and critical nonlinear coupling. We also establish uniform boundedness results for anisotropic quasilinear systems, that are of interest within regularity theory. To show existence results for non-autonomous systems of quasilinear PDEs in the spirit of the paper of Landesman and Lazer, we consider the eigenvalue problem for quasilinear elliptic systems introduced by de Thélin. We prove the simplicity and isolation of the first eigenvalue lambda1. Furthermore, we show the existence of a sequence of eigenvalues by employing a suitable deformation lemma proved by Bonnet. Subsequently, we analyze new sufficient Landesman-Lazer type conditions within the framework of quasilinear elliptic systems. We also investigate the N-dimensional Euclidean Onofri inequality, established by Del Pino and Dolbeault for smooth functions with compact support. After extending this inequality to a suitable weighted Sobolev space, we exploit its connection with the Liouville equation on R^N to prove an equivalence with the sharp logarithmic Moser-Trudinger inequality on the unit ball of R^N.

While the interface between strong-field physics and quantum optics offers a unique regime for combining extreme nonlinearity with quantum optical resources, its potential for generating non-classical states of light remains largely unexplored. Standard protocols for generating optical Schrödinger cat states, such as photon subtraction from squeezed light, are inherently limited in the achievable macroscopicity of the state and its scalability. In this work, we bridge this gap by demonstrating that above-threshold ionization driven by bright squeezed light provides a strong-field analogue of photon subtraction, where photoelectron detection acts as a high-intensity heralding mechanism, enabling the generation of large amplitude optical Schrödinger cat states. We characterize the resulting non-Gaussian features and show that they can be tuned via the detected photoelectron momentum, and study their robustness against the experimental imperfections arising from finite momentum resolution at the heralding step. Despite the noise, we show that the generated states can be manipulated to violate a Bell inequality, thereby highlighting their potential for foundational and practical applications. Our results establish strong-field processes as a scalable platform for macroscopic quantum state engineering, opening a route to quantum optics in previously inaccessible regimes.

Optical vortices are electromagnetic fields twisting around a phase singularity, resulting in quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM). When such vortices are formed by evanescent hybrid light-matter quasiparticles known as polaritons, they are referred to as polaritonic vortices (PVs). The nanometer-scale topologically robust features of such PVs promise to enable applications for lasing and thermal emission at deeply subwavelength scales. However, many conventional techniques are prone to producing multimode PVs due to poor mode selectivity, resulting in OAM mixing that degrades vortex purity and limits their performance for high-fidelity optical information encoding and multi-dimensional imaging. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a platform that generates deeply subwavelength PVs through quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBICs) in dielectric metasurfaces. In contrast to existing approaches, the qBIC intrinsically locks the PV to a single OAM and makes it robust against the polarization state of the excitation, including linear, elliptical and circular polarization. We experimentally realize qBIC-driven PVs through the interference of hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) in hexagonal boron nitride by exploiting the highly uniform out-of-plane electric fields generated by the photonic qBIC, characterized via scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy. This results in HPhPs with a wavelength of around 30-40 smaller than the incident light, thereby enabling ultra-dense packing of multiple robust PVs with distinct OAM. Our platform brings PVs to the photonic chip scale, enabling applications in structured optical information transfer and communications.

Contactless manipulation of microscopic matter is central to applications ranging from the isolation of circulating tumor cells in liquid biopsies to the removal of microplastics from environmental water. Electromagnetic approaches are particularly attractive because fields can be structured within compact microfluidic systems using either light or simple electrode architectures. However, precise manipulation requires calibrated models of the field distribution and accurate knowledge of the properties of both the object and the surrounding medium, which limits applicability to well-characterized, static systems. Here we show that energy dissipation itself provides sufficient information for deterministic particle control. Instead of relying on explicit field calibration, our approach exploits an original relationship between particle position, energy dissipation, and electromagnetic body forces, which can be accessed experimentally through variations of conductance matrices. By extracting force-shaping voltage patterns from these measurements, we demonstrate fully automated closed-loop manipulation of silica microbeads in one and two dimensions, including in the presence of other freely moving particles in a disordered background. These results establish a pathway toward deterministic force control by deliberately measuring and exploiting the non-Hermitian response of the system to engineer electromagnetic momentum transfer. This framework expands micromanipulation into realistic, dynamically evolving environments, where wave-matter interactions cannot be fully pre-characterized or eliminated through design.

Candida albicans is a commensal microorganism that causes opportunistic infections, such as oral candidiasis, vaginitis affecting females, newborns, and immunocompromised patients. Biofilm formation can lead to a commensal organism becoming a life-threatening organism by introducing antifungal resistance. The experiment we did combines crystal violet staining for biofilm biomass and CFU counts to statistically construct an additive BVI model by analysing the experimental data. Our study on the data proposes a Biofilm-Virulence Index (BVI) as a novel and quantitative parameter for assessing antifungal drug resistance in Candida albicans. The effect of the drugs on inhibition zone diameter is twofold, first, linear increase with time during early biofilm formation, second, stabilizing in later phases and correlating directly with virulence. Most BVI values remained in the mild infection range, indicating successful virulence reduction by antifungal drugs. The BVI model model combines the study of biofilm and viable cell count in a single parameter. So, this makes comparison between samples easier during biofilm analysis. Findings suggest that combination of CFU and biofilm measurement may improve interpretation of antifungal response in Candida albicans. This approach could be useful in future experimental studies investigating biofilm associated resistance.

We present a kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation framework parameterized by automatically sampling machine-learning (ML) for modeling thin-film growth atom by atom. Given an interatomic potential energy function, the KMC algorithm builds an ML-based regression model for rate parameters on runtime, being trained on the local atomic environments encountered during the system evolution. New environments are continuously added to the training set in a self-evolving manner at points where the ML model estimates high uncertainty. As the simulation progresses, the ML model gains confidence, and the quick estimation of rates increasingly overtakes the relatively-expensive nudged elastic band calculations, promoting computational efficiency while retaining high fidelity description of the atomic diffusion kinetics. As a test case, we simulate the sub-monolayer growth of Ag on Ag {111}, where we demonstrate adatom islands forming in shapes and densities in accordance with the underlying atomistic interaction model, the theoretical framework, and available experimental results related to thin-film nucleation and growth.

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) provide an efficient event-driven computing paradigm for bio-inspired interception tasks. However, most implementations rely on von Neumann digital computing platforms, where memory and computation bottlenecks limit energy efficiency. This work presents a compact and energy-efficient memristive neuromorphic accelerator for bio-inspired interception tasks. A novel one-transistor-one-resistor (1T1R) crossbar array is designed to emulate synaptic operations in the in-memory computing (IMC) domain, while circuit-level optimization mitigates membrane drift and improves integration fidelity. In addition, an integrate-and-fire (IF) neuron with separated input and membrane nodes is developed to improve inference robustness during array-interfaced operation. Implemented in the SkyWater SKY130 PDK, the proposed neuron achieves an energy consumption of 10.67 pJ/spike and an area of 906 um^2. System-level results show that the memristive IMC output closely matches the software SNN baseline, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9622, while achieving a 96% interception success rate. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design for compact and reliable memristive SNN inference in bio-inspired interception tasks.

Quantum computers hold great promise for molecular simulation, but noise remains a fundamental obstacle. We introduce a Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) pre-screening procedure that constructs compact, physically motivated Givens rotation ansätze tailored to realistic quantum hardware. By identifying the most important wavefunction contributions early in a QMC simulation, we build circuits that are shallower that conventional alternatives while preserving number symmetry. Benchmarked on Quantinuum System Model H1, QMC-prescreened circuits outperform more complex ansätze under realistic noise conditions. The method offers a practical path toward chemical accuracy on quantum devices, by providing an adjustable trade-off between expressivity and circuit depth to generate shallow circuits suited to current high-noise devices, as well as deeper, more expressive circuits that can be deployed on future lower-noise devices.

The misuse of Java security APIs is a serious security problem in software development. Research in 2024 has shown that this problem is widespread in LLM-generated code. However, it remains unclear whether this phenomenon persists in current models and how external security knowledge affects it. This paper presents a scoped replication and extension of Mousavi et al.'s study on the Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) and Java Secure Socket Extension (JSSE) APIs. We focus on two complementary settings: GPT-5.5 as a frontier proprietary coding model, and Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct as a strong open-weight model relevant to self-hosted deployment. The results show that although newer LLMs perform better in using Java security APIs, the problem of Java security API misuse has not been eliminated. External security knowledge substantially improves the measured outcome, but its effect is model-dependent. For Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct, secure code examples are the most effective single knowledge type. For GPT-5.5, explicit misuse patterns eliminate all detected security API misuses among valid programs in our benchmark, although some outputs remain invalid due to compilation errors or target-API mismatches. In addition, developer-guide knowledge becomes much more effective, and secure prompting also provides large gains for GPT-5.5. Overall, these findings confirm the Java security API misuse risk identified in the original study and show that the benefits of retrieval-augmented knowledge depend not only on the knowledge itself and retrieval behavior, but also on model capability.

Two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors provide a promising platform for exploring the interplay between disorder, lattice dynamics, and resonant light--matter interactions. Among them, CrSBr exhibits strong in-plane anisotropy and pronounced resonance-enhanced Raman scattering. Here, we investigate the effects of Cl substitution and He$^{+}$ irradiation on the vibrational response of CrSBr using polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Cl substitution activates additional phonon modes associated with local symmetry breaking, while He$^{+}$ irradiation introduces distinct defect-related scattering channels and enhanced phonon broadening. The combined effects of alloy disorder and externally introduced defects lead to strong anisotropic reconstruction of the Raman spectra and modification of the nonlinear Raman response under near-resonant 1.96 eV excitation. Power-dependent measurements reveal robust superlinear scaling of both intrinsic and substitution-induced phonon modes, indicating persistent resonance-enhanced electron--phonon coupling even in defect-engineered samples.

Global warming has intensified water scarcity, posing a critical challenge for the agricultural sector, where seasonal demand often leads to significant wastage. This work addresses the need for efficient water management by proposing a smart irrigation control system based on a bilevel optimization algorithm. The framework aims to minimize water consumption across multiple fields simultaneously or, under supply constraints, to distribute available water equitably to minimize deviations from required levels. To achieve this, the problem is modeled hierarchically: the upper level acts as a central controller managing daily water limits and field-wise allocation, while the lower level acts as a centralized scheduler determining the optimal cooperative irrigation execution across all fields. This structure ensures that both global resource constraints and local irrigation needs are met efficiently. Preliminary results from digital simulation tools suggest that the proposed framework significantly improves water-use efficiency and supports sustainable irrigation practices, particularly in water-constrained scenarios.

Context. This article presents a detailed multi-wavelength analysis of GRB 140304A at z = 5.282, having uncommon late-time flaring features. The aim is to study GRB 140304A and other similar bursts to understand stellar evolution and formation processes at high-z. Aims. GRBs at high-z, possible flaring activities at different frequencies seen at relatively late-times, help to constrain temporal correlation among contemporaneous flares. In the present study, we plan to constrain such a temporal and spectral study for a sample of high-z bursts, including GRB 140304A. Methods. We use Swift, Fermi, and ground-based observations to constrain the temporal and spectral properties of the prompt and afterglow emissions. Using the cross-correlation function, we calculate the spectral lag in the light curves observed in two energy bands of Swift's Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and X-ray Telescope (XRT). Results. Parameter evolution of the prompt emission analysis reveals a hard-to-soft evolution of the spectral peak energy (Ep) and the magnetic field strength (B), consistent with the typical population of long GRBs. For GRB 140304A, a rare pattern of spectral lag evolution having positive lag in the early BAT light curves, but no lag is observed in the XRT light curves. We have also observed systematic time delays among the peak times of flares in three different bands, but the optical flares exhibit a morphological correspondence with X-ray or gamma-ray flares. Conclusions. Our analysis shows that the observed positive spectral lag in GRB 140304A is closely related to the hard-to-soft spectral evolution during the prompt emission phase, as seen in some of the other long GRBs. Additionally, there is a clear connection between gamma-ray, X-ray and optical flares with prompt emission, which are produced through synchrotron radiation during rapid bulk acceleration within the emitting region.

Estimating the causal effect of a time-dependent treatment on time to death is challenging. In this paper, we formulate the problem using the illness-death model and focus on a stochastic intervention that modifies the hazard governing the transition from no treatment to treatment initiation. Such an intervention can only be implemented at the level of the observed data, whereas the causally valid intervention is defined at the level of the true data-generating process. We provide conditions under which the practically feasible intervention corresponds to the desired causal intervention in the specific setting. We first consider an intervention in which treatment is initiated at a fixed time point, which may subsequently be varied across the relevant time span. However, the resulting estimand is not pathwise differentiable, preventing the development of assumption-lean inference. To address this, we instead consider a smoothed intervention that assigns treatment within a time window around the target time point, thereby yielding a parameter amenable to semiparametric analysis. We derive the corresponding efficient influence function and propose a debiased one-step estimator with desirable robustness properties. We investigate its finite-sample performance in a simulation study and apply the method to the classical Stanford Heart Transplant data, as well as to data on treatment delay among couples with unexplained subfertility seeking intrauterine insemination.

We describe the group of endotrivial complexes, i.e., the Picard group, of the derived category of permutation modules for a finite group over a commutative Noetherian ring. As a result, we deduce that not every endotrivial with integer coefficients arises from a homotopy representation, i.e., an invertible genuine equivariant spectrum. Along the way, we establish a descent result with respect to subgroups of prime-power order, show that oriented endotrivial complexes are line bundles, that is, locally trivial with respect to an open cover of the Balmer spectrum, and provide a topological construction of forerunner homomorphisms, answering a question of the second-named author.

User Experience Research (UXR) is currently undergoing a transition from traditional usability testing towards design-led and data-driven approaches, yet it faces an identity crisis due to a lack of methodological grounding in UXR and time-intensive methodologies which often lag behind product decision cycles. To address this, the UXR Point of View (PoV) framework formalises the UXR process by transitioning from raw data collection to forming an evidence-based PoV which drives strategic product impact. Furthermore, the use of GenAI in UXR has been investigated, but researchers often face increased work intensity when using GenAI, attributed to time spent on prompt engineering, data cleaning, and verification of AI outputs. This paper proposes and evaluates a formalised methodology for leveraging GenAI, specifically Google's NotebookLM, to augment the UXR PoV process. The methodology consists of five prompts across four stages: (1) leveraging the framework, (2) establishing roadmaps, (3) applying best-practices, and (4) crafting PoV narratives; and was tested on eleven UXR papers. Results showed that by using the proposed methodology, NotebookLM successfully leveraged the UXR PoV framework across all stages of PoV creation. These findings demonstrate that NotebookLM can serve as an effective collaborative partner in UXR, so long as it is provided with sufficient context and specific prompting.

Lepton (electron and muon) scattering experiments are excellent tools to gain insight into the nucleon structure. Elastic electron-proton scattering probes the spatial distribution of charge and magnetization inside the proton, and comparing electron-proton and muon-proton scattering data tests lepton universality. The availability of a plethora of scattering data with increased precision and observed discrepancies such as the proton form factor puzzle and the proton radius puzzle motivated a renewed effort to improve the theoretical framework. Realizing that the one-photon-exchange approximation (OPE), i.e. the Born approximation, is not sufficient, radiative corrections in QED, especially the two-photon-exchange (TPE) diagrams, are under investigation. The TPE diagrams are of special interest among the radiative corrections, since they depend on the proton structure. In this work, we present a complete calculation of QED radiative corrections to elastic electron-proton and muon-proton scattering at next-to-leading order, taking into account loop-momentum-dependent form factors. In the discussion of their numerical impact on lepton-proton scattering cross sections, we pay special attention to the TPE diagrams and compare them with existing theoretical predictions and lepton-proton scattering data.

This paper investigates the solution of coupled third-order tensor equation $\mathcal{A} \ltimes \mathcal{X} = \mathcal{B},\ \mathcal{X} \ltimes \mathcal{C} = \mathcal{D},$ of arbitrary dimensions by incorporating semi-tensor product (STP) within t-product framework, where the unknown $\mathcal{X}$ can take form of vector, matrix, or tensor. For the unknown $\mathcal{X}$, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition that provides an equivalence criterion for the existence of solutions. Moreover, the explicit structure (Toeplitz, Circulant) of $\mathcal{C}$ and $\mathcal{D}$ is characterized. Theoretical results are supported by several illustrative examples.

Conflicting reports exist on the ground state of the intermetallic compound CeRhSn$_2$. This can be rooted in the sawtooth-like arrangement of two inequivalent Ce sites in the unit cell, which suggests potential geometric magnetic frustration. To resolve, we conducted a comprehensive study on high-quality single crystals of CeRhSn$_2$ by means of magnetization ($M$), specific heat ($C_p/T$), and resistivity ($ρ$). The system exhibits strong magnetic anisotropy, confirming the $b$-axis as the easy magnetic axis. We establish three successive transitions, an AFM order at $T_{N} = 3.65$K, a first-order FM order at $T_{C} = 1.7$K and final transition, at $T = 1.5$K. The transition temperatures are highly field-directional dependent: in a magnetic field, the lowest transition is immediately suppressed while $\mathbf{H} \parallel b$ rapidly merges $T_{C}$ and $T_{N}$ into a single second-order transition. Conversely, $\mathbf{H}\parallel c$ suppresses the FM order and reduces $T_{N}$. Additional ab initio calculations affirm the FM ground state of CeRhSn$_2$. The observation of an enhancement of the Sommerfeld coefficient ($γ= 76.5$mJ/mol$\cdot$K$^2$) may arise from geometric frustration, but it is most consistently attributed to weak Kondo hybridization as frustration cannot be conclusively established through our data.

The long-term accessibility and reusability of scholarly knowledge is a central concern of Open Science. Research and infrastructure development in this area have so far focused predominantly on how traditional scientific outputs, such as journal articles, monographs, and conference proceedings, can be preserved and made openly available over time. Alternative forms of scholarly communication such as scholarly blogs, by contrast, have received comparatively little attention, even though they have become an established medium for disseminating research and for fostering dialogue within academia and with the wider public. The lack of preservation of scholarly blogs puts them at a risk of information loss, which poses the threat of leaving a gap in the scholarly record. Prior research has examined how blogs are integrated into information infrastructures and what requirements scholarly bloggers have for an information infrastructure that ensures long-term access to their blogs. What is needed now are recommendations for the implementation of these results into the library practice. Based on a convergent mixed-methods design that merges a quantitative analysis of 866 German scholarly blogs, a qualitative interview study with 13 scholarly bloggers, and an open, participatory review process with the scholarly blogging community, we propose a catalog of requirements for the integration of scholarly blogs into information infrastructures in order to ensure their long-term accessibility, reusability and citeability.