The coherent mobility of doublons, arising from second-order virtual dissociation-recombination processes, fundamentally limits their use as information carriers in the strongly interacting Bose-Hubbard model. We propose a disorder-free suppression mechanism by introducing an optimized nearest-neighbor pair-hopping term that destructively interferes with the dominant virtual hopping channel. Using the third-order Schrieffer-Wolff transformation, we derive an analytical optimal condition that accounts for lattice geometry corrections. Exact numerical simulations demonstrate that this optimized scheme achieves near-complete dynamical arrest and entanglement preservation in one-dimensional chains, while in two-dimensional square lattices, it significantly suppresses ballistic spreading yet permits a slow residual expansion. Furthermore, in the many-body regime, finite-size scaling analysis identifies the observed long-lived density-wave order as a prethermal plateau emerging from the dramatic separation of microscopic and thermalization timescales.

Let $S(n)$, for $n \in \mathbb{N}$, be the infinite-type surface of infinite genus with $n$ ends, each accumulated by genus. Although the mapping class groups of these surfaces are not countably generated,they are Polish groups and hence admit a countable topological generating set. We study minimal topological generating sets for $\mathrm{Map}(S(n))$ consisting entirely of torsion elements, with special attention to involutions. In particular, we prove that $\mathrm{Map}(S(n))$ is topologically generated by four involutions for all $n \geq 16$, and by three involutions for the Loch Ness Monster surface ($n = 1$) and the Jacob's Ladder surface ($n = 2$). We also establish that for even $n \geq 8$, $\mathrm{Map}(S(n))$ is topologically generated by four torsion elements of order $n$. For odd $n \geq 8$, it is topologically generated by three torsion elements of order $n$ and one torsion element of order $n - 1$.

Although FFT-based methods are renowned for their numerical efficiency and stability, traditional discretizations fail to capture material interfaces that are not aligned with the grid, resulting in suboptimal accuracy. To address this issue, the work at hand introduces a novel FFT-based solver that achieves interface-conforming accuracy for three-dimensional mechanical problems. More precisely, we integrate the extended finite element (X-FEM) discretization into the FFT-based framework, leveraging its ability to resolve discontinuities via additional shape functions. We employ the modified abs(olute) enrichment and develop a preconditioner based on the concept of strongly stable GFEM, which mitigates the conditioning issues observed in traditional X-FEM implementations. Our computational studies demonstrate that the developed X-FFT solver achieves interface-conforming accuracy, numerical efficiency, and stability when solving three-dimensional linear elastic homogenization problems with smooth material interfaces.

We analyze few-body quantum states with particular correlation properties imposed by the requirement of maximal bipartite entanglement for selected partitions of the system into two complementary parts. A novel framework to treat this problem by encoding these constraints in a graph is advocated; the resulting objects are called ``graph-restricted tensors''. This framework encompasses several examples previously treated in the literature, such as 1-uniform multipartite states, quantum states related to dual unitary operators and absolutely maximally entangled states (AME) corresponding to 2-unitary matrices. Original examples of presented graph-restricted tensors are motivated by tensor network models for the holographic principle. In concrete cases we find exact analytic solutions, demonstrating thereby that there exists a vast landscape of non-stabilizer tensors useful for the lattice models of holography.

We study the one-level density of zeros for a family of $Γ_1(q)$ $L$-functions. Assuming GRH, we are able to extend the support of the Fourier transform of the test function to $\left(-\frac{8}{3},\frac{8}{3}\right)$ and verify the Katz-Sarnak prediction for our unitary family. As an application, we obtain that the proportion of forms in the family with non-vanishing at the central point is at least $62.5\%$, assuming GRH. This is the highest non-vanishing proportion for any family associated with a unitary group. Moreover, this result indicates that the structural properties of $L$-functions play a more important role in extending the support than the associated symmetry group.

The graph isomorphism (GI) problem, which asks whether two graphs are structurally identical, occupies a unique position in computational complexity -- it is neither known to be solvable in polynomial time, nor proven to be NP-complete. We propose a convex mixed-integer formulation of the problem and leverage first-order convex optimization to tackle it, following a stream of recent work on optimization-driven graph isomorphism detection. We strengthen our formulation with variable fixing techniques that prove highly effective while preserving the polyhedral structure. We perform extensive computations evaluating the performance of different families of methods including a mixed-integer convex formulation, mixed-integer linear optimization, local search and spectral heuristics over a collection of challenging GI instances. We find that a high level of symmetry is beneficial for optimization-based methods. On the other hand, presolving techniques that detect local substructures to fix variables are crucial for asymmetric instances. The proposed method outperforms the second best approach, the integer feasibility approach, on 6 of the 12 graphs families and is on par with it on symmetric families.

We investigate the parameter space supporting large CP violation (CPV) in the complex two-Higgs-doublet model with softly broken $Z_{2}$ symmetry, where the 125~GeV Higgs boson is identified as the lightest neutral Higgs boson $H_1$. Through a comprehensive global scan of Type-I and Type-II models under theoretical, collider, and eEDM constraints, we identify distinct structures that facilitate large CPV. In Type-I, gauge-sector CPV is maximized when the 125~GeV Higgs boson is nearly degenerate with a second neutral scalar. For the ensemble of physically viable points, the predicted eEDM values typically exceed $10^{-31}\,e\cdot\mathrm{cm}$, placing the model largely within the sensitivity of next-generation experiments. Conversely, Type-II models strongly suppress gauge-sector CPV while allowing for nearly maximal CPV in the Yukawa sector. Destructive interference among various contributions allows for $|d_e|$ values as low as $O(10^{-35})\,e\cdot\mathrm{cm}$, resulting in no phenomenologically relevant lower bound. Finally, we uncover the phenomenon of ``hidden CPV'' in the near-alignment limit, characterized by CP-violating mixing between the heavy neutral Higgs bosons governed by the angle $α_3$. We demonstrate that this hidden CPV can be experimentally probed at future colliders via CP-violating Yukawa interactions of $H_2$ and $H_3$, as well as the robust $H_2$-$H_3$-$Z$ coupling.

This work investigates the impact of streams of transient, non-Gaussian noise artifacts or "glitches" on the parameter estimation of extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRI) in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Glitches cause biased and less precise inference for short-duration signals such as massive black hole binaries, but their effect on long-lived sources such as EMRIs has not been quantified. Using simulated LISA observations containing injected EMRIs and streams of shapelet-based glitches drawn from the LISA Pathfinder catalog, we estimate the glitch-induced parameter biases and uncertainties through a Fisher-matrix-based analysis whose accuracy we verify with Markov-Chain Monte Carlo. We find that moderately mitigated glitch streams i.e. ones containing only glitches of up to moderate SNRs ($ρ\lesssim 90$) induce negligible to minor biases $[\sim0.04σ,\sim0.6σ]$ in the inferred EMRI parameters. In contrast, weakly mitigated glitch streams containing higher-SNR events ($ρ\lesssim 400$) can produce biases nearing $1σ$. These results demonstrate that, when compared to inference of other sources such as massive black hole binaries, EMRI inference is notably more robust to glitches. We stress that at least some amount of glitch modeling and mitigation remains essential for unbiased EMRI analyses in the LISA era.

A partial-active-space (PAS) multi-state (MS) multi-reference second-order perturbation theory (MRPT2) for the electronic structure of strongly correlated systems of electrons, dubbed PASPT2, is formulated by linearizing the intermediate normalization-based general-model-space state-universal coupled-cluster theory with singles and doubles [IN-GMS-SU-CCSD; J. Chem. Phys. 119, 5320 (2003)]. At variance with the existence of disconnected terms in the IN-GMS-SU-CCSD amplitude equations, the disconnected terms in the PASPT2 amplitude equations can be avoided completely by choosing a special reference-specific zeroth-order Hamiltonian. The corresponding effective/intermediate Hamiltonian can also be made connected and closed, so as to render the energies obtained by diagonalization fully connected. As such, PASPT2 is strictly size-extensive, in sharp contrast with the parent IN-GMS-SU-CCSD. It is also size-consistent when the PAS of a supermolecule is chosen to be the direct product of those of the physically separated, non-interacting fragments. Prototypical systems are taken as showcases to reveal the efficacy of PASPT2.

Digital Twins (DTs) represent digital counterparts of physical systems, assets, or processes, referred to as the actual twin (AT). DTs integrate heterogeneous data, models, and semantic technologies to support monitoring, simulation, prediction, and optimization, enabling informed decision-making while maintaining a dynamic and accurate reflection of the AT. A key challenge is aligning heterogeneous models, which can cause semantic mismatches, inconsistencies, and synchronization issues. Existing approaches relying on static mappings and manual updates are often inflexible and error-prone. In this study, we address heterogeneity challenge in multi-layered DT, by introducing semantic grounding pipeline for multi-layered DTs that enables consistent and reliable interoperability between abstraction layers. We make three contributions. First, we design and implement multi-layered DT using flexible modelling framework, to organize data, model and metamodel layers. Second, we semantically lift DT metamodel to RDF graph for unified representation. Finally, we present a graph-based alignment approach (SSM-OM), which leverages semantic embeddings, lexical similarity, and large language model (LLM) reasoning to accurately establish and validate correspondences between the lifted metamodel and ontology. We validate correctness, interoperability, cross-layer traceability, domain applicability and general empirical performance through RDF tests, a DT usecase, and ontology alignment evaluation initiative (OAEI) benchmarks, demonstrating semantic consistency in multi-layered DT.

With intensive studies of quantum thermodynamics, quantum batteries (QBs) have been proposed to store and transfer energy via quantum effects. Despite many theoretical models, decoherence remains a severe challenge and practical platforms are still rare. Here, we propose a QB based on the coherent Ising machine, in which the signal field acts as the core energy-storage unit. To clarify the role of quantum coherence in resisting dissipation, we decompose the ergotropy, i.e., the maximum extractable work from the QB, into its coherent and incoherent components. We find that the coherent part decays at a rate roughly half that of the incoherent part, exhibiting much stronger robustness against decoherence. More importantly, the coherent ergotropy and the average charging power reach their respective maxima at essentially the same moment, which defines the optimal instant to switch off the pump field. Finally, by coupling the QB to a two-level system as the load, we demonstrate an efficient energy discharge process of the proposed QB. Our work establishes a realistic and immediately-implementable QB architecture on a mature optical platform, laying a foundation for experimental exploration of quantum energy storage.

We investigate two simplified non-singular cyclic models with a negative time-varying cosmological constant to represent the non-conventional mechanism of negative cosmological constant expected to address the late-time cosmic acceleration. We show that a physically acceptable evolution with positive energy density can be realized, while negative energy density dominates in case of a positive or zero cosmological constant. In the first model, we demonstrate a sign flipping of the cosmic pressure in a quintessence-dominated universe with no violation of the null energy condition. In the second model, we propose a matter-bounce scenario with showing the crossing of the phantom divide line in the vicinity of the bounce. We find that while we get positive kinetic term and scalar potential, the sum of scalar and quantum potentials is negative.

In this work, we develop a rapid reactive vapor transport technique to efficiently utilize limited isotopically pure precursors, particularly gaseous 18O2, and synthesize mm-scale, high-quality crystals within few-minute growth durations. We unlock this capability by using metallic molybdenum precursors with high source temperatures (900 C) and total pressures (1 atm) to maximize precursor efficiency and yield. Subsequently, we grow MoO3 single crystals with high and uniform enrichment levels of 98Mo and 18O isotopes in several different permutations. As probed by Raman spectroscopy, modest and significant phonon energy redshifts occur following 98Mo and 18O enrichment, respectively. By demonstrating control over both molybdenum and oxygen isotopic fractions, we establish a powerful tool to advance nanophotonics and thermal management goals using MoO3. This work is motivated by the possibility to enhance and engineer lattice vibrational mode phenomena including thermal conduction and hyperbolic phonon polariton (HPhP) dispersion, with particular interest in comparing the effects of light and heavy element enrichment.

This Letter uncovers five distinct charge transport modes and their transitions in dual-energy electron beam diodes. We via first-principle particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations establish that the specific mode (e.g., space charge oscillations) and the current transport characteristics are essentially governed by the interplay between the electron beam energy and injected current density. A generalized analysis is conducted for n-component electron beams, and a theoretical piecewise function is for the transmitted current density proposed, which agrees well with the PIC results under designed conditions. The discovery provides a mechanistic picture of multiple electron beam transport in diodes, paving the way for novel designs of high-performance modern vacuum electronic devices.

We perform population synthesis modeling of isolated neutron stars in the Milky Way over its lifetime. Compared with previous studies, we use more detailed models of the interstellar medium and the magneto-rotational evolution of neutron stars. We demonstrate that presently, the spin-down rate at the propeller stage is the main uncertain factor that influences the number of accreting isolated neutron stars. If the propeller stage duration allows neutron stars to begin accreting matter from the interstellar medium and if the efficiency of accretion is high, then the number of accreting isolated neutron stars in eROSITA data can reach ~a few thousand. Still, uncertainties in spin-down at the propeller stage and in the accretion process can drastically decrease this number. We suggest that future observations of neutron stars in wide low-mass binaries recently discovered by Gaia can clarify these issues.

We explore a continuum theory of multicritical dynamical triangulations and causal dynamical triangulations in two-dimensional quantum gravity from the perspective of the Chekhov-Eynard-Orantin topological recursion. The former model lacks a causal time direction and is governed by the two-reduced $W^{(3)}$ algebra, whereas the latter model possesses a causal time direction and is governed by the full $W^{(3)}$ algebra. We show that the topological recursion solves the Schwinger-Dyson equations for both models, and we explicitly compute several amplitudes.

The structure and transport of electrolytes in nanoscale channels are known to be affected by the electronic properties of the confining walls. This influence is particularly pronounced in quasi-one-dimensional nanotubes, where the high surface-to-volume ratio makes the wall the dominant source of electrostatic screening. For instance, ideal metallic tubes suppress long-range Coulomb interactions between ions exponentially. Yet, there exists no generic framework for evaluating electrostatic interactions in tubular confinement. Here, we introduce tubular response functions - a generalisation of surface response functions that captures how nanotubes with arbitrary electronic properties screen Coulomb interactions. Using this framework, we evaluate the interaction potential of ions confined in a metallic carbon nanotube, treating its long-range electronic properties exactly within a Luttinger liquid model. We demonstrate that the screening characteristic of metallic armchair carbon nanotubes is almost identical to that of an ideal metal, regardless of electron density. We trace the origin of such strong screening to the quantum confinement of electrons around the tube circumference and to the suppression of Friedel oscillations. Our framework opens the way for quantitative descriptions of ionic correlations and charge storage in nanotube-based electrodes, and can be further extended to address confined ion dynamics.

The teaching of special relativity still follows Einstein's original two-postulate approach and thus recreates the relativistic revolution in the minds of students again and again, with all its attendant shocking and mysterious aspects. As Hermann Bondi long ago noted, such an approach, which emphasizes the revolutionary aspects of a theory rather than its continuity with earlier thought, "is hardly conducive to easy teaching and good understanding". But what could be a better alternative? In 1923, the distinguished Russian ethnographer, linguist, and anthropologist Tan-Bogoraz described the striking similarities between the special theory of relativity and the mythology of Chukchi shamans. Inspired by this surprising observation, I assume that the basic concepts of relativity are not at all alien to our innate perception of time and space, and I propose an approach to the foundations of relativity that emphasizes absolute concepts such as proper time and causal cones rather than relative ones.

This memorandum analyzes and stress-tests arguments in favor and against the inclusion of internal deployment within the scope of the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). In doing so, it aims to offer several possible interpretative pathways to the European Commission, AI providers and deployers, courts, and the legal and policy community at large based on Articles 2(1), 2(6), 2(8) of the AI Act. Specifically, this memorandum first analyzes interpretative pathways based on Article 2(1)(a)-(c) supporting the application of the AI Act to internally deployed AI models and systems. Then, it examines possible objections and exceptions based on Articles 2(6) and 2(8), with particular attention to the complexity of the scientific R&D exception under Article 2(6). Finally, it illustrates how Articles 2(1), 2(6), and 2(8) can be viewed as complementary to each other, once broken down to their most plausible meaning and interpreted in conjunction with Articles 3(1), 3(3), 3(4), 3(9), 3(10), 3(11), 3(12), 3(63), and Recitals 12, 13, 21, 25, 97, 109, and 110.

Materials utilized by novel energy systems are often studied using weakly correlated mean-field theories. However, if these systems incorporate heavy elements, relativistic effects must be included. Therefore a Kramers unrestricted Coupled Cluster with singles and doubles excitation formalism within a molecular mean-field Exact Two-Component framework (X2C-mmf) using a four-component Dirac-Hartree-Fock (DHF) reference state is presented. The exact X2C-mmf transformed normal-order Hamiltonian incorporates all one-electron and two-electron (2e) contributions from the Coulomb, Gaunt, and Breit operators and is used with the Equation of Motion method to calculate the excitation energies of the alkali group of elements. Using this framework, the effects of 2e Gaunt and Breit integrals are studied. Results demonstrate growing contributions from these integrals to the generated X2C-mmf mean-fields and electronic fine structure calculations with increasing atomic number. Overall, this paper outlines the method and effect of a higher level of accuracy within the X2C-mmf approach and lays the foundation for future theoretical development of relativistic calculations within this framework.

The AI hardware boom has led modern data centers to adopt HPC-style architectures centered on distributed, GPU-centric computation. Large GPU clusters interconnected by fast RDMA networks and backed by high-bandwidth NVMe storage enable scalable computation and rapid access to storage-resident data. Tensor computation runtimes (TCRs), such as PyTorch, originally designed for AI workloads, have recently been shown to accelerate analytical workloads. However, prior work has primarily considered settings where the data fits in aggregated GPU memory. In this paper, we systematically study how TCRs can support scalable, distributed query processing for large-scale, storage-resident OLAP workloads. Although TCRs provide abstractions for network and storage I/O, naive use often underutilizes GPU and I/O bandwidth due to insufficient overlap between computation and data movement. As a core contribution, we present PystachIO, a prototype of a PyTorch-based distributed OLAP engine that combines fast network and storage I/O with key optimizations to maximize GPU, network, and storage utilization. Our evaluation shows up to 3x end-to-end speedups over existing distributed GPU-based query processing approaches.

Relating a piece to previously established works is crucial in creating and engaging with art, but AI interfaces tend to obscure such relationships, rather than helping users explore them. Embedding models present new opportunities to support spatially exploring and relating artwork. We built Artographer, an art-exploration system featuring a zoomable 2-D map, constructed from similarity-clustered embeddings of ~16,000 historical artworks. We used Artographer as a design probe to explore how alternative artwork distribution interface design can shape media engagement: we invited 20 participants, including 9 art history scholars, to traverse the map, collecting artworks for a goal-driven task and while freely exploring. We identify values enacted in spatial art discovery (Visibility, Agency, Serendipity, Friction) and consider how these values challenge dominant design paradigms -- in particular, the recommendation systems governing contemporary media distribution platforms. We reimagine a curatorial approach to media distribution, within digital ecosystems where history and culture can thrive.

Proton capture on $^{19,20}$O nuclei is measured in inverse kinematics with the active target detector MuSIC@Indiana using CH$_4$ as the target gas. Rejection of unreacted and inelastically scattered beam, along with transfer and fusion on the $^{12}$C allows extraction of the (p,n) cross section. As the cross-section for direct (p,n) processes at these energies is small, the measurement provides access to the proton fusion cross-section. An analysis approach that allows extraction of the proton fusion cross-section is detailed.

In extended black hole thermodynamics, the cosmological constant and other couplings are treated as thermodynamic variables, yielding the first law $\tildeδM = T\tildeδS+Ω\tildeδJ +\mathcal{V} \tildeδP+\cdots$, where $P\equiv -\fracΛ{8π}$. A long-standing conceptual gap in this framework is that, unlike $M$, $T$, $S$, $Ω$, and $J$, the thermodynamic volume $\mathcal{V} $ lacks a first-principles definition and can only be deduced from other thermodynamic quantities. This deficiency indicates that the underlying origin of $\mathcal{V} $ remains poorly understood. In this paper, we resolve this issue and provide an explicit, covariant formula for $\mathcal{V} $. We demonstrate that $\mathcal{V} $ (and the conjugate quantities of other couplings) universally decomposes into two contributions: one arising from the explicit coupling dependence of the Lagrangian, and the other from the response of the fundamental dynamical fields. This clarifies the physical meaning of the thermodynamic volume and places it on the same footing as other intrinsic thermodynamic quantities.

We study topological effects in an one-dimensional plasmonic crystal formed by the screened plasmons emerging in a periodically modulated graphene sheet, placed on top of a metallic substrate. To this end, we develop the theory of quantization of screened plasmons, as appropriate for lossless graphene described by a Drude conductivity. By analyzing the resulting band structure, we show that the crystal sustains nontrivial topological bands, with quantized geometric phase. We further show that in a finite, open system, edge states appear within the band gap, which undergo a topological phase transition and merge with bulk states as the modulation increases. Our work provides a robust theoretical framework for the study of band structure and topology of layered media, and extends the possibilities for engineering two-dimensional materials with external modulation.

Let $G$ be a reductive group over a local field $F$ and let $ρ:{}^LG \to \mathrm{GL}_{V_ρ}(\mathbb{C})$ be a representation of its $L$-group satisfying suitable assumptions. Braverman, Kazhdan and Ngô conjectured that one has a $ρ$-Fourier transform on $L^2(G(F))$ and a $ρ$-Schwartz space $\mathcal{S}_ρ(G(F))<L^2(G(F))$ fixed under the Fourier transform that satisfies certain desiderata. We construct the Fourier transform for arbitrary fields. Over non-Archimedean fields we construct the Schwartz space, and in the Archimedean case we construct an approximation to it. This proves a large portion of their conjectures. Our methods are spectral in nature.

We analyze hadronic final states of $e^+e^-$ annihilation through event shape observables, Thrust and C-parameter, and inclusive hadron spectra at the planned center-of-mass (c.m.) energies of the Future Circular Electron-Positron Collider (FCC-ee). Collision data is produced using Monte Carlo event generation in PYTHIA at 91.2, 160, 240, and 365 GeV. Distortions of event shapes due to initial-state photon radiation and background decays of Z pairs, W pairs, top-quark pairs, and Higgs bosons are investigated. An extraction of the strong coupling $α_{\text{s}}$ is performed by fitting event shape distributions to perturbative QCD predictions at next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) accuracy, and the sources of systematic uncertainties at high c.m. energies are discussed. Soft gluon dynamics is examined through charged particle multiplicities and momentum distributions, and energy evolution of mean values is compared with prior experimental results. The inferences from this phenomenological study provide a reference to QCD studies at future high-energy $e^+e^-$ colliders.

We propose geometrically nonlinear (finite) continuum models of flexomagnetism based on the Cosserat micropolar and its descendent couple-stress theory. These models introduce the magneto-mechanical interaction by coupling the micro-dislocation tensor of the micropolar model with the magnetisation vector using a Lifshitz invariant. In contrast to conventional formulations that couple strain-gradients to the magnetisation using fourth-order tensors, our approach relies on third-order tensor couplings by virtue of the micro-dislocation being a second-order tensor. Consequently, the models permit centrosymmetric materials with a single new flexomagnetic constant, and more generally allow cubic-symmetric materials with two such constants. We postulate the flexomagnetic action-functionals and derive the corresponding governing equations using both scalar and vectorial magnetic potential formulations, and present numerical results for a nano-beam geometry, confirming the physical plausibility and computational feasibility of the models.

Determining whether vaccine efficacy wanes is important for individual and public decision making. Yet, quantification of waning is a subtle task. The classical approaches cannot be interpreted as measures of declining efficacy unless we impose unreasonable assumptions. Recently, formal causal estimands designed to quantify vaccine waning have been proposed. These estimands can be bounded under weaker assumptions, but the bounds are often too wide to make claims about the presence of waning. We propose a different approach: a formal test to assess whether a treatment effect is constant over time at the individual level. This test provides a considerable power gain over existing approaches and is valid under interpretable assumptions in vaccine trials. We illustrate the increase in power through real and simulated examples, using three different approaches to compute the test statistics. Two of these approaches are based solely on summary data, accessible from existing clinical trials. Beyond our test, we also give new results that bound the waning effect. We use our methods to reanalyze data from a randomized controlled trial of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine. While prior analysis did not establish waning, our test rejects the null hypothesis of no waning.

We explore the prospects of probing the complex singlet extension of the Standard Model (CxSM) with gravitational waves from the electroweak phase transition. The study establishes a connection of the scalar potential parameters, the thermodynamic properties of the phase transition, with the directly measured stochastic gravitational-wave background in the presence of astrophysical background and foreground. Considering the space-based gravitational-wave detector Taiji, we construct a frequency-domain likelihood that incorporates instrumental and astrophysical noises, and we perform both Fisher-matrix forecasts and Bayesian nested sampling analysis. The comparison of these two approaches demonstrates consistent parameter recovery and highlights the sensitivity of Taiji to millihertz gravitational-wave signals. We further propagate the inferred constraints on the gravitational-wave spectrum back to the underlying CxSM parameters, obtaining meaningful limits on the Higgs self-couplings. The results emphasize the complementarity between gravitational-wave observations and collider measurements, showing that future missions such as Taiji can serve as a powerful probe of electroweak-scale new physics and the dynamical origin of the Higgs sector.