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2506.01204 2026-05-18 quant-ph cond-mat.str-el physics.comp-ph

Quantum-Classical Embedding via Ghost Gutzwiller Approximation for Enhanced Simulations of Correlated Electron Systems

通过幽灵Gutzwiller近似实现量子-经典嵌入以增强相关电子系统的模拟

I-Chi Chen, Aleksei Khindanov, Carlos Salazar, Humberto Munoz Barona, Feng Zhang, Cai-Zhuang Wang, Thomas Iadecola, Nicola Lanatà, Yong-Xin Yao

AI总结 本文提出基于幽灵Gutzwiller近似的量子-经典嵌入框架,用于提升相关电子系统地面态和谱函数的模拟精度,通过分析电路复杂性并采用Iceberg量子错误检测码减少噪声影响。

Comments 15 pages, 5 figures

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Journal ref
npj Quantum Inf (2026)
AI中文摘要

在现有量子硬件上模拟相关材料仍面临挑战,由于量子资源有限。量子嵌入方法通过将 bulk 系统映射到有效杂质模型来降低计算复杂性,从而在预装和早期容错量子设备上实现更可行的模拟。本文开发了一种基于幽灵Gutzwiller近似的量子-经典嵌入框架,以实现量子增强的模拟。通过在状态矢量模拟器上使用自适应变分量子算法分析电路复杂性,应用于无限维Hubbard模型,随着幽灵模式数从3增加到5,电路深度从16增长到104。使用现实的误差模型研究噪声效应,发现对Hubbard带的谱权重有显著影响。为减轻这些影响,采用Iceberg量子错误检测码,实现模拟中的误差减少高达40%。最后,在IBM和Quantinuum量子硬件上对密度矩阵估计的准确性进行了基准测试,这些硬件具有不同的量子位连接性,并采用多级误差缓解技术。

英文摘要

Simulating correlated materials on present-day quantum hardware remains challenging due to limited quantum resources. Quantum embedding methods offer a promising route by reducing computational complexity through the mapping of bulk systems onto effective impurity models, allowing more feasible simulations on pre- and early-fault-tolerant quantum devices. This work develops a quantum-classical embedding framework based on the ghost Gutzwiller approximation to enable quantum-enhanced simulations of ground-state properties and spectral functions of correlated electron systems. Circuit complexity is analyzed using an adaptive variational quantum algorithm on a statevector simulator, applied to the infinite-dimensional Hubbard model with increasing ghost mode numbers from 3 to 5, resulting in circuit depths growing from 16 to 104. Noise effects are examined using a realistic error model, revealing significant impact on the spectral weight of the Hubbard bands. To mitigate these effects, the Iceberg quantum error detection code is employed, achieving up to 40% error reduction in simulations. Finally, the accuracy of the density matrix estimation is benchmarked on IBM and Quantinuum quantum hardware, featuring distinct qubit-connectivity and employing multiple levels of error mitigation techniques.

2505.24573 2026-05-18 cs.IT math.IT

Maximally recoverable codes with locality and availability

具有局部性和可用性的最大可恢复码

Umberto Martínez-Peñas, V. Lalitha

AI总结 本文提出具有局部性和可用性的最大可恢复码,通过局部可修复码的构造方法,减少存储开销并提升全局纠错能力,针对t=1时提供三种构造方法并扩展有限域大小下界。

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AI中文摘要

在本文中,我们引入具有局部性和可用性的最大可恢复码。我们考虑局部可修复码(LRCs),其中某些子集的t个符号各自属于N个局部修复集,这些集合在移除t个符号后是 pairwise disjoint 的,并且大小为r+δ-1,可以纠正δ-1个擦除。经典LRCs在t=1时恢复,而具有N-可用性的LRCs在t=δ-1=1时恢复。允许t>1使得我们的码在相同局部性和可用性下减少存储开销。在此设置下,我们将最大可恢复LRCs(MR-LRCs)定义为能够在局部性和可用性约束下纠正任何全局可纠正的擦除模式。我们识别出一大类全局擦除模式,可以被此类MR-LRCs纠正,并证明当t=1时这些模式都是可纠正的。我们提供了三种显式构造的LRCs,可以纠正此类擦除模式(因此是t=1的MR-LRCs),基于MSRD码,每种在某些参数范围内达到最小的有限域大小。最后,我们将经典MR-LRCs已知的有限域大小下界扩展到我们的设置(对于任何t值)。

英文摘要

In this work, we introduce maximally recoverable codes with locality and availability. We consider locally repairable codes (LRCs) where certain subsets of $ t $ symbols belong each to $ N $ local repair sets, which are pairwise disjoint after removing the $ t $ symbols, and which are of size $ r+δ-1 $ and can correct $ δ-1 $ erasures locally. Classical LRCs with $ N $ disjoint repair sets and LRCs with $ N $-availability are recovered when setting $ t = 1 $ and $ t=δ-1=1 $, respectively. Allowing $ t > 1 $ enables our codes to reduce the storage overhead for the same locality and availability. In this setting, we define maximally recoverable LRCs (MR-LRCs) as those that can correct any globally correctable erasure pattern given the locality and availability constraints. We then identify a large class of global erasure patterns that can be corrected by such MR-LRCs and prove that they are all the correctable patterns when $ t=1 $. We provide three explicit constructions of LRCs that can correct such erasure patterns (thus MR-LRCs for $ t=1 $), based on MSRD codes, each attaining the smallest finite-field sizes for some parameter regime. Finally, we extend the known lower bound on finite-field sizes from classical MR-LRCs to our setting (for any value of $ t $).

2505.10439 2026-05-18 math.QA math.CT math.RT

Interpolating Feigin-Frenkel Duality at the Critical Level to Matrices of Complex Size

在临界水平上插值Feigin-Frenkel对偶性以处理复数大小的矩阵

Andrew Riesen

AI总结 本文通过插值Molev的构造,描述了在Deligne的插值范畴中临界水平的universal affine顶点代数中心,并通过插值Adler-Gelfand-Dickey括号构造了复数秩的W-代数,从而恢复了通常的Feigin-Frenkel对偶性。

Comments Substantially revised and expanded version, with new applications to Lie superalgebras and interpolated Bethe algebras, a new appendix, and significant technical and expository revisions throughout. 74 Pages

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AI中文摘要

在本文中,我们将临界水平上的Feigin-Frenkel对偶性扩展到复数秩,通过识别两个看似无关的构造来实现。在仿射侧,我们插值Molev构造的更高Segal-Sugawara向量,从而描述了在Deligne的插值范畴中的universal affine顶点代数的中心。在W侧,我们构造了与Feigin的复数秩Lie代数gl_λ和po_λ相关的经典W-代数作为Poisson顶点代数,并通过插值Adler-Gelfand-Dickey括号实现了其Drinfeld-Sokolov约简。当特化到A、B和C类型的正整数秩时,这恢复了通常的临界水平Feigin-Frenkel对偶性。作为应用,我们获得了几种Lie超代数的更高Segal-Sugawara向量的统一构造,并恢复了复数秩的universal Bethe代数的复数秩类比。

英文摘要

In this paper, we extend Feigin-Frenkel duality at the critical level to complex rank by identifying two seemingly unrelated constructions in complex rank. On the affine side, we interpolate Molev's construction of higher Segal-Sugawara vectors and thereby describe the centers of universal affine vertex algebras at the critical level in Deligne's interpolating categories. On the $\mathcal{W}$-side, we construct the classical $\mathcal{W}$-algebras associated with Feigin's Lie algebras of complex rank $\mathfrak{gl}_λ$ and $\mathfrak{po}_λ$ as Poisson vertex algebras, realizing their Drinfeld-Sokolov reduction via an interpolated Adler-Gelfand-Dickey bracket. Upon specialization to positive integer rank in types A, B, and C, this recovers the usual Feigin-Frenkel duality at the critical level. As applications, we obtain a uniform construction of several families of higher Segal-Sugawara vectors for Lie superalgebras and recover a complex-rank analogue of the universal Bethe algebra.

2505.03307 2026-05-18 quant-ph cs.SE

Qimax: Efficient quantum simulation via GPU-accelerated extended stabilizer formalism

Qimax:通过GPU加速的扩展稳定子形式法实现高效量子模拟

Vu Tuan Hai, Bui Cao Doanh, Le Vu Trung Duong, Pham Hoai Luan, Yasuhiko Nakashima

AI总结 本文提出一种基于扩展稳定子形式法的并行化方法,利用GPU加速实现高效量子模拟,在某些场景下优于Qiskit和Pennylane等主流模拟器。

Comments This paper is submitted at 2026 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for communications (ATC2026), SPECIAL SESSION 1: Quantum Technologies for Future

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AI中文摘要

使用扩展稳定子形式法模拟Clifford和近Clifford电路已成为量子纠错中的热门方法。与状态向量方法相比,该方法通过操作稳定子而非完整状态向量,以更少的计算资源解决相同问题。现有研究多关注 ancilla qubit 数量与模拟精度的权衡,常忽略性能因素。此外,在高阶稳定子存在时,性能受限于稳定子形式法的串行性质。本文引入扩展稳定子形式法的并行版本,使其能够在多核设备如GPU上高效执行。实验结果表明,在某些情况下,我们的Python实现优于Qiskit和Pennylane等最先进的模拟器。

英文摘要

Simulating Clifford and near-Clifford circuits using the extended stabilizer formalism has become increasingly popular, particularly in quantum error correction. Compared to the state-vector approach, the extended stabilizer formalism can solve the same problems with fewer computational resources, as it operates on stabilizers rather than full state vectors. Most existing studies on near-Clifford circuits focus on balancing the trade-off between the number of ancilla qubits and simulation accuracy, often overlooking performance considerations. Furthermore, in the presence of high-rank stabilizers, performance is limited by the sequential property of the stabilizer formalism. In this work, we introduce a parallelized version of the extended stabilizer formalism, enabling efficient execution on multi-core devices such as GPU. Experimental results demonstrate that, in certain scenarios, our Python-based implementation outperforms state-of-the-art simulators such as Qiskit and Pennylane.

2504.20268 2026-05-18 stat.AP

Spatio-temporal fusion of reanalysis and in situ data for censored threshold exceedances of PM2.5

PM2.5阈值超量的再分析与实地数据空间-时间融合

M. Daniela Cuba, Craig Wilkie, Marian Scott, Daniela Castro-Camilo

AI总结 本文提出基于极值理论的贝叶斯分层数据融合框架,通过Dirac-delta广义帕雷托分布联合考虑阈值和非阈值超量,提升PM2.5污染预测精度,尤其在伦敦地区表现优于传统高斯模型。

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AI中文摘要

数据融合模型广泛用于空气质量监测,整合实地数据和大范围网格化产品,提供空间完整和时间详细的估计。然而,传统高斯模型常低估极端污染值,导致风险评估偏差。为此,本文提出基于极值理论的贝叶斯分层数据融合框架,使用Dirac-delta广义帕雷托分布联合考虑阈值和非阈值超量,同时保留超量和非超量事件的时间信息。我们的模型用于描述和预测伦敦地区PM2.5污染的censored阈值超量,使用CAMS大气成分再分析数据和英国政府运营的自动城乡网络(AURN)实地观测站。关键特点包括结合不同空间-时间分辨率的数据,并完全考虑参数不确定性。结果表明,我们的模型在大多数观测站点预测阈值超量时优于高斯模型和单独再分析数据,甚至能产生比背景数据更明显的PM2.5污染空间模式。此外,我们的方法捕捉到更大的变异性与空间模式,如沿海地区更高的PM2.5浓度,这些在再分析数据中不明显。

英文摘要

Data fusion models are widely used in air quality monitoring to integrate in situ and large-scale gridded products, offering spatially complete and temporally detailed estimates. However, traditional Gaussian-based models often underestimate extreme pollution values, leading to biased risk assessments. To address this, we present a Bayesian hierarchical data fusion framework rooted in extreme value theory, using the Dirac-delta generalised Pareto distribution to jointly account for threshold and non-threshold exceedances while preserving the timing of exceedance and non-exceedance episodes. Our model is used to describe and predict censored threshold exceedances of PM2.5 pollution in the Greater London region by using CAMS atmospheric composition reanalysis, and in situ observation stations from the automatic urban and rural network (AURN) run by the UK government. Key features of our approach include combining data with varying spatio-temporal resolutions and fully accounting for parameter uncertainties. Results show that our model outperforms Gaussian-based alternatives and standalone reanalysis data in predicting threshold exceedances at the majority of observation sites and can even result in improved spatial patterns of PM2.5 pollution than those discernible from the background data. Moreover, our approach captures greater variability and spatial patterns, such as higher PM2.5 concentrations near coastal areas, which are not evident in the reanalysis data alone.

2504.17510 2026-05-18 cs.SE

Psychological Safety Framework in Pull-based Open Source Projects

基于心理安全的拉式开源项目框架

Emeralda Sesari, Federica Sarro, Ayushi Rastogi

AI总结 本文提出基于心理安全理论的框架,通过分析拉取请求互动中的10种可观察行为,构建心理安全指数,并验证其对贡献者短期和长期持续参与的影响。

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AI中文摘要

心理安全是指团队成员在发言或犯错时不会遭受负面后果的信念。尽管在传统软件团队中被认可为重要,但其在开源软件开发中的作用仍不明确。开源贡献者通常在无正式角色或结构的环境中协作,人际关系显著影响参与度。代码审查作为现代软件开发的核心协作活动,提供了观察此类团队互动的宝贵情境。本文引入一个基于心理安全理论的框架,以识别拉取请求互动中表明心理安全的行为。我们通过60,684个拉取请求数据(来自26个流行的GitHub仓库)提取10种可观察变量,构建仓库级的心理安全指数。然后通过三种逻辑回归模型,实证检验该指数与贡献者短期(一年内)和长期(4-5年后)持续参与的关系。贡献者更可能在心理安全较高的仓库中持续活跃。心理安全与短期和长期持续参与呈正相关。然而,先前参与成为未来参与的更强预测因素,当考虑其影响时,心理安全的作用减弱。本研究通过拉取请求数据引入了一个理论指导的测量心理安全的框架,并提供了其在开源开发中维持参与的相关实证证据。

英文摘要

Psychological safety refers to the belief that team members can speak up or make mistakes without fear of negative consequences. While it is recognized as important in traditional software teams, its role in open-source software development remains understudied. Open-source contributors often collaborate without formal roles or structures, where interpersonal relationships can significantly influence participation. Code review, a central and collaborative activity in modern software development, offers a valuable context for observing such team interactions. This paper introduces a framework grounded in psychological safety theory to identify behaviors that signal PS in pull request interactions. We operationalize these behaviors using 10 observable variables derived from 60,684 PRs across 26 popular GitHub repositories and construct a PS index at repository level. We then empirically test the relationship between this index and contributors' short-term (within 1 year) and long-term (over 4-5 years) sustained participation using three logistic regression models. Contributors are more likely to remain active in repositories with higher levels of psychological safety. Psychological safety is positively associated with both short-term and long-term sustained participation. However, prior participation emerges as a stronger predictor of future engagement, reducing the effect of psychological safety when accounted for. This study introduces a a theory-informed framework for measuring psychological safety through pull request data and provides empirical evidence of its relevance in sustaining participation within open-source development.

2504.04815 2026-05-18 cs.CY cs.ET eess.SP

Beyond Answers: How LLMs Can Pursue Strategic Thinking in Education

超越答案:LLMs如何在教育中追求战略思维

Eleonora Grassucci, Gualtiero Grassucci, Aurelio Uncini, Danilo Comminiello

AI总结 本文探讨LLMs如何作为耐心导师和协作伙伴提升教育效果,通过个性化教学和解决复杂问题培养学生的战略思维能力。

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Journal ref
IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2026
AI中文摘要

人工智能(AI)在教育中具有变革潜力,能够实现个性化学习、增强包容性并鼓励创造力和好奇心。本文探讨了大型语言模型(LLMs)如何作为耐心导师和协作伙伴来提升教育交付。作为导师,LLMs通过提供逐步解释和满足个体需求来个性化学习,使具有不同背景或能力的学生受益。作为协作伙伴,它们扩展学生的视野,帮助他们解决复杂现实问题并共同创造创新项目。然而,为了充分实现这些益处,LLMs必须被利用为引导学生发展解决问题策略和寻找学习路径的工具,而非直接提供解决方案。因此,应强调教育学生和教师如何成功使用LLMs,以确保其在课堂中的有效整合。通过实际例子和现实案例研究,本文展示了LLMs如何使教育更加包容和吸引人,同时帮助学生发挥最大潜力。

英文摘要

Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential in education, enabling personalized learning, enhancing inclusivity, and encouraging creativity and curiosity. In this paper, we explore how Large Language Models (LLMs) can act as both patient tutors and collaborative partners to enhance education delivery. As tutors, LLMs personalize learning by offering step-by-step explanations and addressing individual needs, making education more inclusive for students with diverse backgrounds or abilities. As collaborators, they expand students' horizons, supporting them in tackling complex, real-world problems and co-creating innovative projects. However, to fully realize these benefits, LLMs must be leveraged not as tools for providing direct solutions but rather to guide students in developing resolving strategies and finding learning paths together. Therefore, a strong emphasis should be placed on educating students and teachers on the successful use of LLMs to ensure their effective integration into classrooms. Through practical examples and real-world case studies, this paper illustrates how LLMs can make education more inclusive and engaging while empowering students to reach their full potential.

2503.14852 2026-05-18 cs.SE

UntrustVul: An Automated Approach for Identifying Untrustworthy Alerts in Vulnerability Detection Models

UntrustVul: 一种自动识别漏洞检测模型中不可信警报的方法

Lam Nguyen Tung, Xiaoning Du, Neelofar Neelofar, Aldeida Aleti

AI总结 本文提出UntrustVul方法,通过识别与漏洞无关的代码行来自动检测不可信的漏洞预测,实验表明其在AUC和F1-score上优于现有方法。

Comments Preprints, Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

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AI中文摘要

机器学习(ML)在漏洞检测中展现出潜力,但ML检测器可能依赖于无关的代码特征,导致非漏洞行被错误标记为可疑。这种误导性预测会增加开发人员的手动工作量,并可能导致错误的修补策略,因此需要自动识别不可信的预测。我们提出了UntrustVul,一种通过识别与漏洞无关的代码行来检测不可信漏洞预测的方法。UntrustVul利用历史漏洞行的模式,并在高亮行不匹配已知漏洞模式且不影响其他行时标记预测为不可信。一个代码行被视为漏洞无关,如果它不类似于历史漏洞,并且其在数据和控制依赖图中的所有后继行也都是漏洞无关的。该方法设计保守以最小化将可信预测误判为不可信。我们评估了UntrustVul在BigVul、MegaVul、SARD和PrimeVul数据集上115,000个预测的结果。结果显示,UntrustVul在AUC分数上达到70%-88%,F1分数达到82%-94%,在AUC和F1分数上分别优于现有方法6%-59%和13%-92%。

英文摘要

Machine learning (ML) has shown promise in vulnerability detection, but ML detectors may rely on irrelevant code features, causing them to highlight non-vulnerable lines as suspicious. Such misleading predictions increase developers' manual effort and may lead to incorrect patching strategies, motivating the need to identify untrustworthy predictions automatically. We present UntrustVul, an approach for detecting untrustworthy vulnerability predictions by identifying suspicious lines that are inherently unrelated to vulnerabilities. UntrustVul leverages patterns from historical vulnerable lines and flags predictions as untrustworthy when the highlighted lines neither match known vulnerability patterns nor influence lines that do. A line is considered vulnerability-irrelevant if it does not resemble historical vulnerabilities and all its successors in the data and control dependency graph are also vulnerability-irrelevant. The approach is designed conservatively to minimise misclassifying trustworthy predictions as untrustworthy. We evaluate UntrustVul on 115K predictions from four models across the BigVul, MegaVul, SARD, and PrimeVul datasets. Results show that UntrustVul achieves AUC scores of 70%-88% and F1-scores of 82%-94%, outperforming existing approaches by 6%-59% in AUC and 13%-92% in F1-score.

2503.14371 2026-05-18 quant-ph

Superdiffusion resilience in Heisenberg Chains with 2D interactions on a quantum processor

Heisenberg链中二维相互作用对超扩散鲁棒性的研究

Keerthi Kumaran, Manas Sajjan, Bibek Pokharel, Kevin Wang, Joe Gibbs, Jeffrey Cohn, Barbara Jones, Sarah Mostame, Sabre Kais, Arnab Banerjee

AI总结 研究二维相互作用对Heisenberg链超扩散破坏的影响,发现SU(2)保护的二维相互作用具有最高鲁棒性,量子处理器验证了其在非平衡量子多体物理中的应用价值。

Comments Updated the calibration details. 15 pages. Comments are welcome

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Journal ref
Phys. Rev. B 113, 174408 (2026)
AI中文摘要

观察到一维Heisenberg模型中自旋输运的超扩散尺度是非平衡量子多体物理的重要发现。尽管在KCuF3中已实验观测到该现象,但实际材料常包含破坏积分性的相互作用。理解这些项对超扩散的影响对连接到此类材料至关重要。当前量子硬件已证明其在研究此类非平衡现象中的实用性。本文通过将超扩散Floquet型一维Heisenberg模型推广到二维模型,进行了超扩散破坏的量子模拟。通过调节不同二维相互作用的强度,从零(对应一维Heisenberg链)到有限非零值,研究了其对超扩散破坏的影响。发现某些二维相互作用比其他相互作用更抗超扩散破坏,其中SU(2)保护的二维相互作用在所有研究的二维相互作用中具有最高鲁棒性。重要的是,这种观察到的鲁棒性对维持二维晶格中的超扩散自旋输运有直接意义。通过分析二维相互作用对一维链的散射系数,得出不同相互作用类型对超扩散破坏的相对鲁棒性。此外,量子硬件也以显著准确性捕捉了这种相对鲁棒性,进一步证明了当前量子硬件在模拟有趣非平衡量子多体现象中的适用性。

英文摘要

Observing superdiffusive scaling in the spin transport of the integrable 1D Heisenberg model is one of the key discoveries in non-equilibrium quantum many-body physics. Despite this remarkable theoretical development and the subsequent experimental observation of the phenomena in KCuF$_3$, real materials are often imperfect and contain integrability breaking interactions. Understanding the effect of such terms on the superdiffusion is crucial in identifying connections to such materials. Current quantum hardware has already ascertained its utility in studying such non-equilibrium phenomena by simulating the superdiffusion of the 1D Heisenberg model. In this work, we perform a quantum simulation of the superdiffusion breakdown by generalizing the superdiffusive Floquet-type 1D Heisenberg model to a general 2D model. We comprehensively study the effect of different 2D interactions on the superdiffusion breakdown by tuning up their strength from zero, corresponding to the 1D Heisenberg chain, to finite nonzero values. We observe that certain 2D interactions are more resilient against superdiffusion breakdown than others and that the $SU(2)$ preserving 2D interaction has the highest resilience among all the 2D interactions we study. Importantly, this observed resilience has direct implications for sustaining superdiffusive spin transport in two-dimensional lattices. We reason out the relative resilience against the superdiffusion breakdown through an analysis of the scattering coefficients off the 2D interaction in otherwise 1D chains. The relative resilience of different interaction types against superdiffusion breakdown was also captured in quantum hardware with remarkable accuracy, further establishing the current quantum hardware's applicability in simulating interesting non-equilibrium quantum many-body phenomena.

2503.14311 2026-05-18 math.ST stat.ME stat.TH

Asymptotic properties of the MLE in distributional regression under random censoring

分布回归中随机截断下MLE的渐进行为

Gitte Kremling, Gerhard Dikta

AI总结 研究在随机右截断下分布回归中MLE的渐近性质,证明其几乎处处一致性和渐近正态性,并通过模拟和实际数据验证。

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AI中文摘要

分布回归旨在从给定的参数条件分布族中找到最佳候选分布来建模给定数据集。由于分布族中的每个候选可以通过对应的分布参数识别,常用方法是使用最大似然估计器(MLE)估计参数。本文在响应变量受随机右截断的情况下,建立了该估计量的理论结果。特别地,我们证明了在截断下的MLE几乎处处一致性和渐近正态性。通过模拟研究和实际数据示例展示了经验行为。

英文摘要

Distributional regression aims to find the best candidate in a given parametric family of conditional distributions to model a given dataset. As each candidate in the distribution family can be identified by the corresponding distribution parameters, a common approach for this task is to use the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the parameters. In this paper, we establish theoretical results for this estimator in case the response variable is subject to random right censoring. In particular, we provide proofs of almost sure consistency and asymptotic normality of the MLE under censoring. The empirical behavior is illustrated by a simulation study and a real data example.

2502.17404 2026-05-18 math.AG

On André periods of mixed Tate motives

关于混合塔克动机的安德烈周期

Ishai Dan-Cohen

AI总结 本文展示混合塔克动机中安德烈周期退化为经典概念,并通过连接安德烈周期与科利安积分,具体实现p进多项式对数的特殊值为安德烈周期。

Comments Numerous improvements, primarily to exposition, based on referee reports. To appear in Publicacions Matemàtiques

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AI中文摘要

在本文中,我们证明安德烈周期在混合塔克动机情况下退化为经典研究的概念。我们通过观察贝塞尓和沃洛戈德斯基的德拉姆路径在特征p下源于动机路径,将安德烈周期与科利安积分连接起来。我们利用这一结果,以具体方式将p进多项式对数的特殊值表示为安德烈周期。

英文摘要

In this note, we show that the $p$-adic periods of motives introduced recently by Ancona and Frăţilă (``André periods'') reduce to the classically studied notion in the case of Mixed Tate motives. We also connect André periods with Coleman integration by observing that the Frobenius-fixed de Rham paths of Besser and Vologodsky come from motivic paths in characteristic $p$ (unconditionally in the mixed Tate setting, conditionally in general). We use this to realize special values of $p$-adic multiple polylogarithms as André periods in a concrete way.

2502.14296 2026-05-18 cs.CY

On the Trustworthiness of Generative Foundation Models: Guideline, Assessment, and Perspective

生成基础模型的可信度:指南、评估与视角

Yue Huang, Chujie Gao, Siyuan Wu, Haoran Wang, Xiangqi Wang, Yujun Zhou, Yanbo Wang, Jiayi Ye, Jiawen Shi, Qihui Zhang, Yuan Li, Han Bao, Zhaoyi Liu, Tianrui Guan, Dongping Chen, Ruoxi Chen, Kehan Guo, Andy Zou, Bryan Hooi Kuen-Yew, Caiming Xiong, Elias Stengel-Eskin, Hongyang Zhang, Hongzhi Yin, Huan Zhang, Huaxiu Yao, Jaehong Yoon, Jieyu Zhang, Kai Shu, Kaijie Zhu, Ranjay Krishna, Swabha Swayamdipta, Taiwei Shi, Weijia Shi, Xiang Li, Yiwei Li, Yuexing Hao, Zhihao Jia, Zhize Li, Xiuying Chen, Zhengzhong Tu, Xiyang Hu, Tianyi Zhou, Jieyu Zhao, Lichao Sun, Furong Huang, Or Cohen Sasson, Prasanna Sattigeri, Anka Reuel, Max Lamparth, Yue Zhao, Nouha Dziri, Yu Su, Huan Sun, Heng Ji, Chaowei Xiao, Mohit Bansal, Nitesh V. Chawla, Jian Pei, Jianfeng Gao, Michael Backes, Philip S. Yu, Neil Zhenqiang Gong, Pin-Yu Chen, Bo Li, Dawn Song, Xiangliang Zhang

AI总结 本文提出生成基础模型的可信度框架,通过多学科协作制定指导原则,引入动态评估平台TrustGen,揭示可信度进展与挑战,并探讨未来研究方向。

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AI中文摘要

生成基础模型(GenFMs)已成为变革性工具,但其广泛应用引发关于可信度的关切。本文提出综合框架,通过三大贡献:系统回顾全球AI治理法规、提出GenFMs指导原则;引入首个动态评估平台TrustGen,用于多维度评估;深入讨论可信度挑战与未来方向。该工作建立了推进GenAI可信度的框架,为安全集成GenFMs进入关键应用铺路,并发布动态评估工具包。

英文摘要

Generative Foundation Models (GenFMs) have emerged as transformative tools. However, their widespread adoption raises critical concerns regarding trustworthiness across dimensions. This paper presents a comprehensive framework to address these challenges through three key contributions. First, we systematically review global AI governance laws and policies from governments and regulatory bodies, as well as industry practices and standards. Based on this analysis, we propose a set of guiding principles for GenFMs, developed through extensive multidisciplinary collaboration that integrates technical, ethical, legal, and societal perspectives. Second, we introduce TrustGen, the first dynamic benchmarking platform designed to evaluate trustworthiness across multiple dimensions and model types, including text-to-image, large language, and vision-language models. TrustGen leverages modular components--metadata curation, test case generation, and contextual variation--to enable adaptive and iterative assessments, overcoming the limitations of static evaluation methods. Using TrustGen, we reveal significant progress in trustworthiness while identifying persistent challenges. Finally, we provide an in-depth discussion of the challenges and future directions for trustworthy GenFMs, which reveals the complex, evolving nature of trustworthiness, highlighting the nuanced trade-offs between utility and trustworthiness, and consideration for various downstream applications, identifying persistent challenges and providing a strategic roadmap for future research. This work establishes a holistic framework for advancing trustworthiness in GenAI, paving the way for safer and more responsible integration of GenFMs into critical applications. To facilitate advancement in the community, we release the toolkit for dynamic evaluation.

2502.13930 2026-05-18 quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th nlin.CD

Diagnosing chaos with projected ensembles of process tensors

用过程张量的投影集合诊断混沌

Peter O'Donovan, Neil Dowling, Kavan Modi, Mark T. Mitchison

AI总结 本文提出基于过程张量投影集合的细粒度量子混沌探测方法,揭示了混沌与可积分动力学在高阶矩中的纠缠结构差异,通过多体动力学模拟验证了其有效性。

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Journal ref
PRX Quantum 7, 020322 (2026)
AI中文摘要

过程张量为量子系统在反复干预下的演化提供了通用表示,是局部多体动力学数值模拟的基础。本文引入投影过程集合,即给定局部干预基下的过程张量纯输出态集合,用于定义更精细的量子混沌探测工具。该集合的一阶矩包含多个已研究的混沌量度,如Alicki-Fannes量子动态熵、蝴蝶颤动保真度和时空纠缠。我们发现集合高阶矩中的特征纠缠结构能显著区分混沌与可积分动力学,克服了量子动态熵和时空熵的不足。这些结论通过多种自旋链模型的多体动力学数值模拟得到支持,包括非相互作用、相互作用可积分、混沌和多体局域化区域。本文阐明了量子随机过程中的时空相关性中混沌的指纹,并提供了一个统一框架来分析单边和监测多体动力学的复杂性。

英文摘要

The process tensor provides a general representation of a quantum system evolving under repeated interventions and is fundamental for numerical simulations of local many-body dynamics. In this work, we introduce the projected process ensemble, an ensemble of pure output states of a process tensor in a given basis of local interventions, and use it to define increasingly more fine-grained probes of quantum chaos. The first moment of this ensemble encapsulates numerous previously studied chaos quantifiers, including the Alicki-Fannes quantum dynamical entropy, butterfly flutter fidelity, and spatiotemporal entanglement. We discover characteristic entanglement structures within the ensemble's higher moments that can sharply distinguish chaotic from integrable dynamics, overcoming deficiencies of the quantum dynamical and spatiotemporal entropies. These conclusions are supported by extensive numerical simulations of many-body dynamics for a range of spin-chain models, including non-interacting, interacting-integrable, chaotic, and many-body localized regimes. Our work elucidates the fingerprints of chaos on spatiotemporal correlations in quantum stochastic processes, and provides a unified framework for analyzing the complexity of unitary and monitored many-body dynamics.

2502.12984 2026-05-18 math.DS cs.NA cs.SY eess.SY math.NA

On Erlang mixture approximations for differential equations with distributed time delays

关于具有分布式时间延迟的微分方程的Erlang混合近似

Tobias K. S. Ritschel

AI总结 本文提出了一种基于常微分方程方法的近似模拟和分析方法,用于具有分布式时间延迟的微分方程。通过Erlang混合近似核和线性链技巧将近似微分方程转化为常微分方程,并证明了在特定条件下近似的收敛性。

Comments The theoretical results have been generalized and the paper has been heavily revised in response to reviewers' comments

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AI中文摘要

在本文中,我们提出了一种通用的方法,用于近似模拟和分析具有分布式时间延迟的微分方程(DDEs)。该方法基于常微分方程(ODEs)的方法。关键创新在于我们1)提出了DDEs中的核的Erlang混合近似,2)利用线性链技巧将得到的近似DDEs转化为ODEs。此外,我们证明了当连续且有界的核以及特定系数的选择下,如果项数足够快地增加,则近似是收敛的。我们展示了近似的ODEs可用于评估原始DDEs的稳态稳定性,并且当核也是指数有界时,解会收敛。此外,我们提出了一种基于二分法和最小二乘估计的方法,用于确定近似中的最佳参数值。最后,我们展示了数值例子,证明了在最佳参数下获得的准确性和收敛率,以及所提出方法在分支分析和蒙特卡洛模拟中的有效性。数值例子包括修改的逻辑方程、化疗引起的骨髓抑制以及熔盐核裂变反应堆的点反应动力学模型。

英文摘要

In this paper, we propose a general approach for approximate simulation and analysis of delay differential equations (DDEs) with distributed time delays based on methods for ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The key innovation is that we 1) propose an Erlang mixture approximation of the kernel in the DDEs and 2) use the linear chain trick to transform the resulting approximate DDEs to ODEs. Furthermore, we prove that the approximation converges for continuous and bounded kernels and for specific choices of the coefficients if the number of terms increases sufficiently fast. We show that the approximate ODEs can be used to assess the stability of the steady states of the original DDEs and that the solution to the ODEs converges if the kernel is also exponentially bounded. Additionally, we propose an approach based on bisection and least-squares estimation for determining optimal parameter values in the approximation. Finally, we present numerical examples that demonstrate the accuracy and convergence rate obtained with the optimal parameters and the efficacy of the proposed approach for bifurcation analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. The numerical examples involve a modified logistic equation, chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, and a point reactor kinetics model of a molten salt nuclear fission reactor.

2502.04871 2026-05-18 math.NA cs.NA math.AP

Finite volume element method for Landau-Lifshitz equation

有限体积元法用于Landau-Lifshitz方程

Yunjie Gong, Jingrun Chen, Rui Du, Panchi Li

AI总结 本文提出一种有限体积元法结合Gauss-Seidel投影法,用于求解微磁学问题,分析了空间误差和能量守恒律,并通过数值实验验证了方法的效率和稳定性。

Comments 30 pages, 11 figures

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AI中文摘要

Landau-Lifshitz方程描述了铁磁材料中磁化方向的动力学行为。由于其本质的非线性和非凸约束,通常通过数值方法求解。本文提出了一种结合Gauss-Seidel投影法(GSPM)的有限体积元法(FVEM),用于微磁学模拟。我们提供了空间近似误差和采用FVEM时的能量守恒律。由于GSPM用于时间推进,离散系统被逐个组件解耦,使得计算复杂度与隐式求解标量热方程相当。这显著加速了实际模拟。我们通过若干数值实验验证了理论分析和效率提升。此外,我们研究了爆破解,并利用所提出的方法高效模拟了2D磁纹理。

英文摘要

The Landau-Lifshitz equation describes the dynamics of magnetization in ferromagnetic materials. Due to the essential nonlinearity and nonconvex constraint, it is typically solved numerically. In this paper, we developed a finite volume element method (FVEM) with the Gauss-Seidel projection method (GSPM) for the micromagnetics simulations. We provide the approximation error in space and depict the energy law when the FVEM is adopted. Owing to the GSPM for time-marching, the discrete system is decoupled component by component, making the computational complexity comparable to that of solving the scalar heat equation implicitly. This significantly accelerates real simulations. We present several numerical experiments to validate the theoretical analysis and the efficiency gain. Additionally, we study the blow-up solution and efficiently simulate the 2D magnetic textures using the proposed method.

2502.04051 2026-05-18 math.RA

The higher-order hom-associative Weyl algebras

高阶同源结合Weyl代数

Per Bäck

AI总结 本文研究高阶Weyl代数作为同源结合代数的变形特性,证明其自然出现于同源结合迭代微分多项式环中,并探讨其结构特征与分类。

Comments 23 pages; minor update; corrected typos

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Journal ref
Algebr. Represent. Theory 29(2) (2026), pp. 697-719
AI中文摘要

我们证明了在特征为零的域上,形式刚性的高阶Weyl代数作为同源结合代数可以非平凡变形。这些同源结合Weyl代数自然出现在同源结合迭代微分多项式环中,不含零因子,仅在可结合时才是幂结合的,并且是单的。我们进一步确定了它们的交换子、核、中心和导子。最后,我们对所有同源结合Weyl代数进行分类,并推测任何两个同构的同源结合Weyl代数之间的非零同态都是同构。这一推测与Dixmier猜想和Jacobian猜想等价。

英文摘要

We show that the higher-order Weyl algebras over a field of characteristic zero, which are formally rigid as associative algebras, can be formally deformed in a nontrivial way as hom-associative algebras. We also show that these hom-associative Weyl algebras arise naturally as hom-associative iterated differential polynomial rings, that they contain no zero divisors, are power-associative only when associative, and that they are simple. We then determine their commuters, nuclei, centers, and derivations. Last, we classify all hom-associative Weyl algebras up to isomorphism and conjecture that all nonzero homomorphisms between any two isomorphic hom-associative Weyl algebras are isomorphisms. The latter conjecture turns out to be stably equivalent to the Dixmier Conjecture, and hence also to the Jacobian Conjecture.

2502.02461 2026-05-18 quant-ph

An extended Wigner's friend no-go theorem inspired by generalized contextuality

一个受广义情境性启发扩展的威金斯朋友无矛盾定理

Laurens Walleghem, Lorenzo Catani

AI总结 本文基于非局部性证明与广义情境性证明的对应关系,提出非情境性朋友无矛盾定理,证明量子理论与绝对观测事件和非情境性代理联合假设不一致,扩展了局部朋友无矛盾定理。

Comments 7+4 pages, 6 figures, all comments welcome!

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AI中文摘要

著名的局部朋友无矛盾定理展示了量子理论与绝对观测事件和局部代理联合假设的不相容性。在局部朋友场景可实现的情况下,该结果比贝尔定理更强,因为局部朋友假设比贝尔定理假设更弱:局部代理比局部因果性更不严格,绝对观测事件包含在贝尔定理中假设的现实主义内。受贝尔场景非局部性证明与准备-测量场景广义情境性证明之间的对应关系启发,我们提出了非情境性朋友无矛盾定理。该定理展示了量子理论与绝对观测事件和非情境性代理联合假设的不一致,与局部代理作为局部因果性弱版本的方式相同。我们的结果扩展了局部朋友无矛盾定理,并在场景可实现的情况下,比基于广义非情境性的无矛盾定理更强。

英文摘要

The renowned Local Friendliness no-go theorem demonstrates the incompatibility of quantum theory with the combined assumptions of Absoluteness of Observed Events - the idea that observed outcomes are singular and objective - and Local Agency - the requirement that the only events correlated with a setting choice are in its future light cone. Granted that the Local Friendliness scenario can be realized, this result is stronger than Bell's theorem because the assumptions of Local Friendliness are weaker than those of Bell's theorem: Local Agency is less restrictive than local causality, and Absoluteness of Observed Events is encompassed within the notion of realism assumed in Bell's theorem. Drawing inspiration from the correspondence between nonlocality proofs in Bell scenarios and generalized contextuality proofs in prepare-and-measure scenarios, we present the Noncontextual Friendliness no-go theorem. This theorem demonstrates the inconsistency of quantum theory with the joint assumptions of Absoluteness of Observed Events and Noncontextual Agency, the latter being a weaker version of noncontextuality, in the same way that Local Agency is a weaker version of local causality. Our result generalizes the Local Friendliness no-go theorem and, granted that the scenario can be realized, is stronger than no-go theorems based on generalized noncontextuality.

2502.01737 2026-05-18 quant-ph

Heisenberg picture tensor network formalism for optical circuits

玻色子电路的海森堡-picture张量网络形式化

Dario Cilluffo, Matthias Kost, Nicola Lorenzoni, Martin B. Plenio

AI总结 本文提出一种基于量子光学电路输入输出关系的张量网络框架,通过图形表示的算子基MPS实现永久性计算,解决张量收缩与光子计数概率幅计算的复杂度不匹配问题。

Comments 10 pages, 2 figures, 4 appendices

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Journal ref
Phys. Rev. Research 8, 023098 (2026)
AI中文摘要

张量网络形式化已成为模拟量子态演化的强大工具。尽管在研究光学量子电路,如玻色采样时被广泛应用,现有张量网络方法未能解决张量收缩与光子计数概率幅计算之间的复杂度不匹配问题。本文提出了一种替代的张量网络框架,利用量子光学电路的输入输出关系编码在单位ary干涉仪矩阵中。我们的方法通过图形表示的算子基MPS实现永久性计算,解决了复杂度差距问题。此外,我们利用张量网络的灵活性,将我们的形式化扩展到包含部分可区分性和光子损失,这两个是实际干涉仪实验中的关键不完美之处。这项工作在大规模量子光学系统模拟和其计算复杂性理解方面迈出了重要一步。

英文摘要

Tensor network formalisms have emerged as powerful tools for simulating quantum state evolution. While widely applied in the study of optical quantum circuits, such as Boson Sampling, existing tensor network approaches fail to address the complexity mismatch between tensor contractions and the calculation of photon-counting probability amplitudes. Here, we present an alternative tensor network framework that exploits the input-output relations of quantum optical circuits encoded in the unitary interferometer matrix. Our approach bridges the complexity gap by enabling the computation of the permanent -- central to Boson Sampling -- with the same computational complexity as the best known classical algorithm based on a graphical representation of the operator-basis MPS that we introduce. Furthermore, we exploit the flexibility of tensor networks to extend our formalism to incorporate partial distinguishability and photon loss, two key imperfections in practical interferometry experiments. This work offers a significant step forward in the simulation of large-scale quantum optical systems and the understanding of their computational complexity.

2501.13216 2026-05-18 math.NA cs.NA

On a linear DG approximation of chemotaxis models with damping gradient nonlinearities

关于具有阻尼梯度非线性项的趋化模型线性DG近似

Daniel Acosta-Soba, Alessandro Columbu, J. Rafael Rodríguez-Galván

AI总结 本文提出一种新的线性、正性保持的迎风不连续Galerkin方法,用于求解具有阻尼梯度非线性项的趋化模型,通过数值实验验证了该方法能有效防止趋化崩溃。

Comments 20 pages, 7 figures

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Journal ref
Mathematical Analysis and Approximation of PDE-Chemotaxis Models. ECM 2024. SEMA SIMAI Springer Series, vol 43. Springer, Cham
AI中文摘要

本文提出了一种新的线性且保持正性的迎风不连续Galerkin(DG)近似方法,用于求解一类具有阻尼梯度非线性项的趋化模型。具体而言,考虑了局部和非局部模型,包括非线性扩散、趋化吸引、趋化排斥和逻辑增长。在趋化崩溃背景下进行了数值实验,其结果与之前的分析一致,展示了如何通过阻尼梯度项防止爆破。

英文摘要

In this work we present a novel linear and positivity preserving upwind discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approximation of a class of chemotaxis models with damping gradient nonlinearities. In particular, both a local and a nonlocal model including nonlinear diffusion, chemoattraction, chemorepulsion and logistic growth are considered. Some numerical experiments in the context of chemotactic collapse are presented, whose results are in accordance with the previous analysis of the approximation and show how the blow-up can be prevented by means of the damping gradient term.

2501.07325 2026-05-18 math.PR

Large deviation principle for the stationary solutions of stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay

具有无限延迟的随机泛函微分方程 stationary 解的 large deviation 原理

Yong Liu, Bin Tang

AI总结 本文研究了具有无限延迟的随机泛函微分方程 stationary 解的 LDP,在小扰动下证明了解的存在性、唯一性及解映射的均匀 LDP,并通过收缩原理获得不变测度的 LDP。

Comments 29 pages

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AI中文摘要

我们研究了具有无限延迟的随机泛函微分方程(SFDEs)的 stationary 解的 large deviation 原理(LDP)在小随机扰动下。首先,我们证明了相应 stationary 解的存在性和唯一性。其次,通过弱收敛方法,我们证明了解映射的 uniform large deviation 原理,然后证明了 stationary 解的 LDP。进一步地,我们通过 stationary 解的 LDP 和收缩原理,获得了 SFDEs 的不变测度的 LDP。

英文摘要

We investigate the large deviation principle (LDP) of the stationary solutions of stochastic functional differential equations (SFDEs) with infinite delay under small random perturbation. First, we demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of the corresponding stationary solutions. Second, by the weak convergence approach, we show the uniform large deviation principle for the solution maps, and then prove the LDP for stationary solutions. Furthermore, we obtain the LDP for invariant measures of SFDEs through the LDP for stationary solutions and the contraction principle.

2412.12106 2026-05-18 q-bio.NC

The Syncytial Mesh Model: A Mesoscale Control-Field Framework for Scale-Dependent Coherence in the Brain

同步网模型:一种介尺度控制-场框架,用于大脑中尺度依赖的相干性

Andreu Ballus Santacana

AI总结 本文提出同步网模型,通过整合局部神经回路、宏观结构连接和慢速介尺度控制场,解释大脑中大规模行波组织、低频相干结构和分布式可塑性现象。

Comments This revised version clarifies the Syncytial Mesh Model as a phenomenological mesoscale control-field framework associated with astrocytic syncytial organization rather than a direct generator of electrophysiological activity. Empirical claims, references, and mathematical interpretations have been substantially refined. AI tools were used for language refinement and drafting support

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AI中文摘要

同步网模型引入了三层框架,用于大规模脑动力学,整合局部神经回路、宏观结构连接和与星形细胞同步组织相关的慢速介尺度控制场。该模型不直接生成电生理活动,而是调节神经元兴奋性、相干结构和跨空间尺度的亚稳态协调。该框架作为现象学有效理论,结合神经质量动力学、连接组尺度耦合和连续场相互作用。在此架构中,模型提供了大规模行波组织、低频相干结构和分布式可塑性现象的候选解释,这些现象无法简单还原为直接局部突触连接。有效场动力学的数值模拟生成稳定的行波传播、平滑的相位梯度组织和低频模态结构,定性上类似于实验报告的次慢速和delta/theta协调模式。解析的介尺度相干模型进一步说明了如何通过慢场调制和阻尼动力学产生尺度依赖的同步概率,而无需全球相位锁定的神经元振荡。

英文摘要

The Syncytial Mesh Model introduces a three-layered framework for large-scale brain dynamics integrating local neural circuitry, macrostructural connectivity, and a slow mesoscale control-field substrate associated with astrocytic syncytial organization. Rather than directly generating electrophysiological activity, the proposed syncytial layer modulates neuronal excitability, coherence structure, and metastable coordination across spatial scales. The framework is formulated as a phenomenological effective theory combining neural-mass dynamics, connectome-scale coupling, and continuous-field interactions. Within this architecture, the model provides a candidate explanation for large-scale traveling-wave organization, low-frequency coherence structure, and distributed plasticity phenomena that are not straightforwardly reducible to direct local synaptic connectivity alone. Numerical simulations of the effective field dynamics generate stable traveling-wave propagation, smooth phase-gradient organization, and low-frequency modal structure qualitatively resembling experimentally reported infra-slow and delta/theta coordination patterns. An analytic mesoscale coherence model further illustrates how scale-dependent synchronization probabilities may emerge from slow-field modulation and damping dynamics without requiring globally phase-locked neuronal oscillations.

2412.05887 2026-05-18 cs.CR cs.CY cs.SE

An Overview of Cyber Security Funding for Open Source Software

开源软件网络安全资金概述

Jukka Ruohonen, Gaurav Choudhary, Adam Alami

AI总结 本文探讨了开源软件项目在网络安全和网络安全方面的资金支持,分析了关键基础设施和开源项目可持续性之间的联系,并指出网络安全和项目可持续性无法单独解释资金决策。

Comments Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Engineering and Cybersecurity of Critical Systems (EnCyCriS 2026), Rio de Janeiro, ACM, pp. 18-25

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AI中文摘要

许多开源软件(OSS)项目需要更多的人力资源来进行维护、改进,有时甚至关系到其生存。这些需求可能适用于被视为世界关键基础设施组成部分的OSS项目。为解决这一资源问题,近年来建立了新的OSS资金工具。本文研究了两个OSS资金机构及其资助的项目。两个资金机构的重点均在于软件安全和网络安全。基于定性主题分析,结果表明,特别是OSS供应链、网络和密码学库、编程语言、操作系统及其底层组件已被资助,并被视为网络安全的关键。除了呈现的定性结果外,本文通过连接关键基础设施研究分支和OSS项目可持续性做出了贡献。此外,本文通过将研究主题与最近的网络安全法规联系起来做出了贡献。最后,提出了一个重要的论点,即网络安全和项目可持续性单独无法完全解释两个资金机构所做资金决策的动因。

英文摘要

Many open source software (OSS) projects need more human resources for maintenance, improvements, and sometimes even their survival. These needs allegedly apply even to vital OSS projects that can be seen as being a part of the world's critical infrastructures. To address this resourcing problem, new funding instruments for OSS projects have been established in recent years. The paper examines two such funding bodies for OSS and the projects they have funded. The focus of both funding bodies is on software security and cyber security in general. Based on qualitative thematic analysis, the results indicate that particularly OSS supply chains, network and cryptography libraries, programming languages, and operating systems and their low-level components have been funded and thus seen as critical in terms of cyber security. In addition to the qualitative results presented, the paper makes a contribution by connecting the research branches of critical infrastructure and sustainability of OSS projects. A further contribution is made by connecting the topic examined to recent cyber security regulations. Finally, an important argument is raised that neither cyber security nor project sustainability alone can entirely explain the rationales behind the funding decisions made by the two funding bodies.

2411.13012 2026-05-18 hep-th

A toy model for $p$-form gauge symmetry

$p$-形式规范对称性的玩具模型

Yi Yan, Zhao-Long Wang

AI总结 本文提出一个玩具模型,通过将无限维泛函空间替换为有限维矩阵空间,研究$p$-形式规范对称性的实现,简化了非阿贝尔推广的分析。

Comments 9 pages, no figures,

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Journal ref
Commun.Theor.Phys. 77 (2025) 10, 105201
AI中文摘要

阿贝尔$(p+1)$-形式规范场本质上与$p$-膜世界体积耦合。在量子化后,对应的$p$-形式规范变换与$p$-膜波函数的局部相位模糊性相关。本质上,$p$-形式规范对称性可以作为泛函空间中一般0形式规范对称性的特殊构造来实现。非阿贝尔推广在泛函空间语言中是直接的。为了简化分析,我们进一步引入一个玩具模型,其中$p$-膜配置的无限维泛函空间被替换为有限维矩阵空间。在矩阵模型中取对称迹后,原始关于$p$-形式规范对称性的讨论可以继承到玩具模型中。

英文摘要

The abelian $(p+1)$-form gauge field is inherently coupled to the $p$-brane worldvolume. After quantization, the corresponding $p$-form gauge transformation is associated with the local phase ambiguity of the $p$-brane wave functional. In essence, the $p$-form gauge symmetry can be realized as a special construction of the generic 0-form gauge symmetry in the functional space of $p$-brane configurations. The non-abelian generalization is straightforward in the functional space language. To simplify the analysis, we further introduce a toy model where the infinite dimensional functional space of $p$-brane configurations is replaced by a finite dimensional matrix space. After taking the symmetric trace in the matrix model, the original discussions of the $p$-form gauge symmetry can be inherited by the toy model.

2410.21007 2026-05-18 math.AG

Differential Forms and Hodge Structures on Singular Varieties

微分形式与奇异变种上的Hodge结构

Donu Arapura, Scott Hiatt

AI总结 研究奇异复代数变种上的微分形式概念及其与Hodge滤波器的关联,引入并研究称为准有理的奇异性,探讨孤立奇异性条件。

Comments Revised based referee's comments

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AI中文摘要

我们比较了奇异复代数变种上的微分形式概念,并将其与普通和交集上同调的外层关联格拉斯曼空间相关联。特别是,我们引入并研究了称为准有理的奇异性,这些奇异性是正则的,并且对于所有p,Du Bois p形式复形的零阶上同调sheaf同构于从脱奇异化映射到p形式的直接像。我们证明,孤立奇异性是有理的当且仅当它是准有理的、Du Bois的,并且局部混合Hodge结构的某些Hodge数消失。

英文摘要

We compare a couple of notions of differential form on singular complex algebraic varieties, and relate them to the outermost associated graded spaces of the Hodge filtration of ordinary and intersection cohomology. In particular, we introduce and study singularities, that we call quasi-rational, which are normal and such that for all p, the zeroth cohomology sheaf of the complex of Du Bois p-forms is isomorphic to the direct image of p-forms from a desingularization. We show that an isolated singularity is rational if and only if it is quasi-rational, Du Bois, and certain Hodge numbers of the local mixed Hodge structures vanish.

2410.07943 2026-05-18 cond-mat.mes-hall

Current density distribution for the quantum Hall effect

量子反磁效应中的电流分布

Serkan Sirt, Stefan Ludwig

AI总结 研究量子反磁效应中Hall条的电流分布,揭示在量子反磁电阻量化时,环形持续电流的存在及电流方向变化规律。

Comments 6 pages, 3 figures

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Journal ref
New J. Phys. 28 (2026) 053503
AI中文摘要

我们对整数量子反磁效应的微观理解仍不完整。数十年来,关于

英文摘要

Our microscopic understanding of the integer quantum Hall effect is still incomplete. For decades, there has been a controversial discussion about "where the current flows" if the Hall resistance is quantized. Here, we qualitatively analyze the current density distribution in a Hall bar based on the screening properties of a two-dimensional electron system in the quantum Hall regime. Beyond previous publications, we include a closed loop persistent current that exists inside a Hall bar if the Hall resistance is quantized. We find, that the persistent current density decreases with increasing Hall voltage. Accounting for this dependence, we find, that the current flows in the opposite directions along opposite edges of the Hall bar, while the imposed current flows unidirectionally and only on the side of the Hall bar connected with its higher electrical potential edge.

2410.02491 2026-05-18 eess.SP

Lightweight Diffusion Models for Resource-Constrained Semantic Communication

轻量级扩散模型用于资源受限的语义通信

Giovanni Pignata, Eleonora Grassucci, Giordano Cicchetti, Danilo Comminiello

AI总结 本文提出Q-GESCO框架,通过量化扩散模型减少计算和内存负载,实现语义通信的高效再生,节省75%内存和79%浮点运算。

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Journal ref
IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, volume 14 issue 9, september 2025
AI中文摘要

近年来,生成性语义通信模型迅速发展,革新了语义通信框架,提升了性能并开辟了新应用。尽管其能从压缩的语义信息中再生内容,但生成模型在通信系统中面临高内存占用和计算负载的挑战。本文提出Q-GESCO框架,其核心方法是量化语义扩散模型,能够从接收到的语义地图中再生传输图像,同时通过提出的后训练量化技术减少计算负载和内存占用。Q-GESCO对不同信道噪声具有鲁棒性,在不同场景中性能与全精度模型相当,节省高达75%的内存和79%的浮点运算。这使资源受限设备能够利用Q-GESCO的生成能力,扩大生成性语义通信框架的应用范围和系统范围。代码可在https://github.com/ispamm/Q-GESCO获取。

英文摘要

Recently, generative semantic communication models have proliferated as they are revolutionizing semantic communication frameworks, improving their performance, and opening the way to novel applications. Despite their impressive ability to regenerate content from the compressed semantic information received, generative models pose crucial challenges for communication systems in terms of high memory footprints and heavy computational load. In this paper, we present a novel Quantized GEnerative Semantic COmmunication framework, Q-GESCO. The core method of Q-GESCO is a quantized semantic diffusion model capable of regenerating transmitted images from the received semantic maps while simultaneously reducing computational load and memory footprint thanks to the proposed post-training quantization technique. Q-GESCO is robust to different channel noises and obtains comparable performance to the full precision counterpart in different scenarios saving up to 75% memory and 79% floating point operations. This allows resource-constrained devices to exploit the generative capabilities of Q-GESCO, widening the range of applications and systems for generative semantic communication frameworks. The code is available at https://github.com/ispamm/Q-GESCO.

2409.11997 2026-05-18 math.AG

Infinitesimal commutative unipotent group schemes with one-dimensional Lie algebra

微小可交换单位群方案与一维李代数

Bianca Gouthier

AI总结 本文研究了特征为p>0的代数闭域上,阶为p^n的微小可交换单位k-群方案,其一维李代数的分类与描述,并应用于超奇异椭圆曲线的子群方案分析及Brion关于单位群方案在曲线上的有理作用问题。

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Journal ref
Math. Z. 312, 51 (2026)
AI中文摘要

我们证明,在特征p>0的代数闭域上,存在恰好n个,至多同构意义下,阶为p^n的微小可交换单位k-群方案,其一维李代数,并明确描述它们。我们进而获得所有超奇异椭圆曲线的微小子群方案的显式描述,恢复所有其p^n- torsion。最后,我们利用这些结果来回答Brion关于单位可交换群方案在曲线上的有理作用问题。

英文摘要

We prove that over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$ there are exactly, up to isomorphism, $n$ infinitesimal commutative unipotent $k$-group schemes of order $p^n$ with one-dimensional Lie algebra, and we explicitly describe them. We consequently obtain an explicit description of all infinitesimal subgroup schemes of any supersingular elliptic curve over an algebraically closed field, recovering all their $p^n$-torsions as well. Finally, we use these results to answer a question of Brion on rational actions of infinitesimal commutative unipotent group schemes on curves.

2408.16785 2026-05-18 math.GR math.RT

Zeros of $S$-characters

$S$-字符的零点

Thomas Breuer, Michael Joswig, Gunter Malle

AI总结 研究$S$-字符的零点性质,发现非平凡$S$-字符在某些群元处取零值,且非平凡传递排列字符在素数幂阶元处消失,但此性质不推广至$S$-字符,回应了Serre的问题。

Comments extended the computations, made relation to polytope theory, added two new authors

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Journal ref
J. Comput. Algebra 13 (2025), p.100031
AI中文摘要

$S$-字符的概念由Zhmud'引入,作为传递排列字符的推广。任何非平凡$S$-字符在某些群元处取零值。根据有限简单群分类的结果,非平凡传递排列字符在某些素数幂阶元处消失。本文通过例子表明此性质不推广至$S$-字符,从而回答了J-P. Serre提出的问题。

英文摘要

The concept of $S$-characters of finite groups was introduced by Zhmud' as a generalisation of transitive permutation characters. Any non-trivial $S$-character takes a zero value on some group element. By a deep result depending on the classification of finite simple groups a non-trivial transitive permutation character even vanishes on some element of prime power order. We present examples that this does not generalise to $S$-characters, thereby answering a question posed by J-P. Serre.

2408.16720 2026-05-18 math.RT hep-th math.QA nlin.SI

Orthosymplectic $R$-matrices

正交辛 R-矩阵

Kyungtak Hong, Alexander Tsymbaliuk

AI总结 本文提出了一种计算任意奇偶序列的三角正交辛 R-矩阵的公式,并通过正根参数化构造其分解。同时评估了仿射正交辛 R-矩阵,建立了其 intertwining 性质及与 Yang-Baxterization 方法的匹配。

Comments v1: 31pp, comments are welcome! v2: 64pp, significantly improved version (factorization added as a new Section 5; fixed treatment for n=m case adding all details in Appenix B). v3: 64pp, minor corrections, details added

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Journal ref
Letters in Mathematical Physics 116 (2026), Paper 55, 97pp
AI中文摘要

我们给出了与任意奇偶序列相关的三角正交辛 R-矩阵的公式,并建立了其分解为有序乘积的 q-指数,参数由相应简化的根系中的正根给出。后者基于通过 q-括号和主导 Lyndon 单词的组合学构造正子代数的正交基。我们进一步评估了仿射正交辛 R-矩阵,建立了其 intertwining 性质,并与通过 [Ge, Wu, Xue,

英文摘要

We present a formula for trigonometric orthosymplectic $R$-matrices associated with any parity sequence, and establish their factorization into the ordered product of $q$-exponents parametrized by positive roots in the corresponding reduced root systems. The latter is crucially based on the construction of orthogonal bases of the positive subalgebra through $q$-bracketings and combinatorics of dominant Lyndon words, as developed in [Clark, Hill, Wang, "Quantum shuffles and quantum supergroups of basic type", Quantum Topol. 7 (2016), no.3, 553-638]. We further evaluate the affine orthosymplectic $R$-matrices, establishing their intertwining property as well as matching them with those obtained through the Yang-Baxterization technique of [Ge, Wu, Xue, "Explicit trigonometric Yang-Baxterization", Internat. J. Modern Phys. A 6 (1991), no.21, 3735-3779]. This reproduces the celebrated formulas of [Jimbo, "Quantum $R$ matrix for the generalized Toda system", Comm. Math. Phys. 102 (1986), no.4, 537-547] for classical BCD types and the formula of [Mehta, Dancer, Gould, Links, "Generalized Perk-Schultz models: solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation associated with quantized orthosymplectic superalgebras", J. Phys. A 39 (2006), no.1, 17-26] for the standard parity sequence.

2408.05733 2026-05-18 quant-ph

Construction of channels which in every dimension anti-degrade the depolarizing channel

构造在每维上反退化去极化通道的通道

Shayan Roofeh, Vahid Karimipour

AI总结 本文研究了在x≥1/2时去极化通道的反退化性质,并证明其容量为零,同时给出了互补通道的闭式容量计算。

Comments Accepted for Publication in Quantum Information Processing

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AI中文摘要

我们考虑了定义为D_x(ρ)=(1-x)ρ+x tr(ρ)I/d的d维去极化通道,并显式找到了当x≥1/2时反退化该通道的量子通道N_x。这证明了当x≥1/2时去极化通道D_x的容量为零。作为推论,这表明任何被强于该值的白噪声污染的量子通道都会完全失去容量。尽管基于 Choi 矩阵对称可扩展性的论证表明,当x≥d/(2(d+1))时通道是反退化的,但在此更大区间内反退化通道的显式形式尚不明确。我们还以闭式形式计算了互补通道D_x^c在x≥1/2区域内的容量。这补充了已知的量子通道中量子容量以闭式形式计算的列表。

英文摘要

We consider the depolarizing channel in $d$ dimension defined as $D_x(ρ)=(1-x)ρ+x\: \textit{tr}(ρ) \frac{I}{d}$, and explicitly find a quantum channel ${\cal N}_x$ which anti-degrades this, when $x\geq\frac{1}{2}$. This proves that the depolarizing channel $D_x$ has zero capacity when $x\geq\frac{1}{2}$. As a corollary, this implies that any quantum channel when contaminated by white noise stronger than this value loses its capacity completely. Although by arguments based on symmetric-extendibiliy of the Choi matrix, it is known that the channel is anti-degradable when $x\geq \frac{d}{2(d+1)}$, the explicit form of the anti-degrading channel in this larger interval is not known. We also calculate in closed form the capacity of the complenetary channel ${\cal D}_x^c$ in the region $x\geq \frac{1}{2}$. This adds to the existing list of quantum channels for which the quantum capacity has been calculated in closed form.