This paper corroborates a statement that perturbative string theory does not admit a solution whose spacetime metric is de Sitter times a closed manifold, to all orders in the $α'$ and $g_s$ expansions, under the assumption that the logarithm of the sphere partition function of Euclidean quantum gravity receives a nonzero contribution proportional to $\frac{1}{G_N}$ in a saddle-point approximation. This assumption is related to the Gibbons-Hawking proposal that the entropy of the cosmological horizon of the static patch is $\frac{A}{4G_N}$. Evidence for the statement comes from independent approaches to the effective action of string theory, all of which agree that the tree-level action vanishes for closed Euclidean target-space solutions. One possible implication is that the state of the Universe will depart from an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime.

Using the worldline effective field theory formalism, we derive the nonlocal-in-time conservative contributions arising from tail effects in gravitational scattering to fifth Post-Minkowskian (5PM) and tenth self-force (10SF) orders. The result features multiple polylogarithms of up to weight three. This challenging computation relies on state-of-the-art integration techniques, including a novel integration-by-parts algorithm: the Sparse Integral Reducer (SpideR). We find perfect agreement in the overlap with all existing literature through sixth post-Newtonian order. The results presented here provide a key ingredient for isolating the local-in-time component of the conservative two-body dynamics of binary inspirals at 5PM order.

Nitrogen-bearing molecules are more difficult to observe than oxygen-bearing ones, mainly due to the lower abundance of nitrogen in the interstellar medium. Therefore, the formation pathways of many of these species is still under debate. Studies prior to the launch of the JWST did not have the sensitivity to observe ices toward the youngest and most deeply embedded Class 0 objects. Here we will focus on OCN$^-$, CH$_3$CN, C$_2$H$_5$CN, NO, and N$_2$O in ices to better understand their formation. We use the data from the JOYS+ program to study 8 Class 0 and 11 Class I objects with JWST. We firmly detect OCN$^-$ in ices for all these objects, tentatively detect CH$_3$CN, C$_2$H$_5$CN, and N$_2$O toward three sources, and find upper limits on the NO abundance in ices. The OCN$^-$/CO$_2$ ratios are found to be larger by a factor of ~2-3 for the objects that have a visible CO$_2$ double peak (a sign of ice thermal processing) pointing to the moderate effect of temperature on OCN$^-$ production. Relation of H$_2$O, CO$_2$, and OCN$^-$ with $A_{\rm V}$ indicates that OCN$^-$ may tentatively form at a later stage than H$_2$O and CO$_2$. We find that the ratios of CH$_3$CN, C$_2$H$_5$CN, and N$_2$O with respect to OCN$^-$ are relatively constant within one order of magnitude across our objects, likely suggesting that they have similar ice environments. The upper limit abundances of NO are ~1 order of magnitude lower than what was previously predicted in ices of a mature protoplanetary disk. This indicates that the detected gas-phase NO in that disk may be a product of another molecule (e.g. N$_2$O) in the ices. We conclude that OCN$^-$ can get enhanced at higher temperatures by only a factor of ~2-3 and thus OCN$^-$ detection alone does not imply ice heating. Large-sample studies of OCN$^-$ toward pre-stellar cores will be useful to further confirm the formation timeline of this molecule.

Multi-wavelength observations of molecular and ionized gas indicate that GMCs are short-lived, generally dispersing within one or two dynamical timescales. To investigate the physical origin of these short lifetimes and the role of star formation prescriptions, we conduct radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of an NGC 300-like disk galaxy with RAMSES-RT. We compare two distinct star formation models, one based on a local gravo-thermo-turbulent (GTT) condition and the other employing sink particles, to examine how star formation and feedback collectively regulate GMC evolution. The sink-particle-based model yields bursty yet self-regulated global star formation rates of $0.1$-$0.5$ $M_{\odot}\,yr^{-1}$ and produces GMC lifetimes of $\sim20$-$30$ Myr, with star formation efficiencies (SFEs) per free-fall time of a few percent, consistent with observations. In contrast, the GTT model generates a population of long-lived clouds with lifetimes $\gtrsim200$ Myr, owing to the extremely low SFEs per free-fall time $(\lesssim3\times10^{-3})$, which renders stellar feedback ineffective. With both models, cloud-cloud mergers extend the lifetimes of GMCs and increase their integrated SFEs by lengthening the star-forming duty cycle, while having only a minor impact on instantaneous efficiencies. On galactic scales, both models broadly reproduce the observed KS relation within its scatter, yielding gas depletion times of a few Gyr. In comparison, an extreme feedback model with the supernova energy boosted by a factor of five, combined with the GTT star formation model, excessively suppresses star formation and produces much longer depletion times ($6$-$20$ Gyr) for this isolated system. These results demonstrate that GMC lifecycles are strongly governed by the adopted star formation model, highlighting the need for improved prescriptions that realistically capture clump-scale star formation.

Generation of highly non-classical quantum states of light is essential for optical quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Given the lack of sufficiently strong nonlinear interactions between optical fields, the commonly employed optical quantum-state preparation schemes are conditional, based on nonlinearity induced by heralding photon number measurement on a part of a multimode squeezed Gaussian state. Development and optimization of such probabilistic quantum-state engineering schemes represents one of the central challenges in current quantum optics. As technology advances and experiments progress to detection of higher numbers of photons, the maximization of the heralding probability becomes essential to ensure sufficiently high state-preparation rates. Here, we show that for the conditional quantum state preparation schemes based on Gaussian states and photon number measurements the maximization of the heralding probability can be formulated as finding solution to a system of polynomial equations, which offers an efficient way to find the optimal configuration and allows us to apply techniques dedicated specifically to solving such systems of equations. Our approach can seamlessly incorporate bounds on the available single-mode quadrature squeezing, which is highly experimentally relevant. We mainly consider generation of finite superpositions of Fock states but show that the approach can be straightforwardly extended to generation of squeezed superpositions of Fock states. We focus on Gaussian states with vanishing coherent displacements, hence the conditionally generated states have well defined photon number parity. We illustrate our general methodology on examples of generation of single-mode and two-mode states with two heralding modes.

The structural stability, electronic structure, and bonding characteristics of the silver-doped boron cluster B18Ag2 were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) combined with global optimization techniques. Basin-hopping searches identify a bent double-ring structure as the global minimum, consisting of two stacked B9 rings symmetrically stabilized by Ag atoms located above and below the boron framework. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum exhibits weak transitions in the near-infrared region and intense bands in the visible and near-ultraviolet regions, reflecting delocalized electronic excitations within the boron framework. Charge analysis indicates moderate electron redistribution from Ag atoms to the boron scaffold. Real-space bonding analyses based on the electron localization function (ELF), reduced density gradient (RDG), and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) reveal that bonding is dominated by {$σ$}-delocalization over the boron skeleton, while Ag-B interactions are weak, non-directional, and primarily electrostatic. The continuous annular electron delocalization within the double-ring structure suggests an aromatic-like character. These findings establish B18Ag2 as a silver-stabilized boron double-ring cluster in which global electron delocalization governs structural stability, while Ag atoms act as axial stabilizing centers that modulate the electronic structure. This work provides new insight into the role of coinage-metal doping in stabilizing extended boron nanostructures.

The $H$--$T$ phase diagram of UTe$_2$ for magnetic field along the hard $b$ axis contains an unresolved internal boundary near $μ_0H \sim 14$--15~T, previously inferred from ac susceptibility and transport experiments but lacking thermodynamic evidence. We report ultrasound results for several elastic modes in an ultraclean UTe$_2$ single crystal with $T_c>2$~K for $H \parallel b$ down to 0.33~K and up to 18~T. A pronounced anomaly in the longitudinal $C_{33}$ mode, with a weaker response in $C_{44}$ and no resolvable anomaly in $C_{55}$, establishes this feature as a bulk thermodynamic phase boundary and reveals a symmetry-selective coupling to lattice strain. The phase line remains nearly constant in field near 14~T and terminates near 13.5~T and 1.25~K at a tetracritical point, providing the thermodynamic evidence for the fourth phase boundary in the $H$--$T$ phase diagram. The results constrain the order-parameter structure of the high-field phase and support field-induced multicomponent superconductivity in UTe$_2$.

We present an observation-guided neural surrogate-learning framework for scientific simulation emulation, demonstrated on urban flood-inundation mapping. The framework combines LISFLOOD-FP hydrodynamic simulations with a real Gauge L stage record that is mapped to the simulation grid and converted to a datum-consistent local water-depth target before being used as single-site supervision. Focusing on a 256 x 256 crop around Gauge L in the Chicago metropolitan area, the method first constructs an ensemble-approximated Gaussian-process/local analogue surrogate (EnsCGP) to obtain a coarse flood-depth estimate and an uncertainty proxy. A U-Net-ASPP neural corrector then refines the coarse map using only simulation-derived and geospatial inputs: EnsCGP depth, the uncertainty proxy, rainfall, and spatial coordinates. The converted gauge-derived local depth is used only as a pointwise training target at the mapped gauge pixel; simulation-based losses are evaluated away from that pixel. Across temporally held-out events from 2013-2019, the emulator closely reproduces LISFLOOD-FP simulation targets outside the gauge-constrained pixel, with R^2 approximately 0.99 and mean absolute error below 0.01 m, and shows strong pointwise consistency with the converted Gauge L local depth target under the stated rolling-year protocol. We interpret these results as strong simulator-emulation agreement with pointwise observation-guided correction, not as independent validation of real-world inundation accuracy or as a complete operational flood-forecasting system.

Graph neural networks such as ParticleNet and transformer based networks on point clouds such as ParticleTransformer achieve state-of-the-art performance on jet tagging benchmarks at the Large Hadron Collider, yet the physical reasoning behind their predictions remains opaque. We present different methods, i.e. perturbation-based (GNNExplainer), Shapley-value-based (GNNShap), and gradient-based (GRADCam); adapted to operate on LundNet's Lund-plane graph representation. Leveraging the fact that each node in the Lund plane corresponds to a physically meaningful parton splitting, we construct Monte Carlo truth explanation masks and introduce a physics-informed evaluation framework that goes beyond standard fidelity metrics. We perform the analysis in three transverse-momentum bins ($\mathrm{p_T} \in [500,700]$, $[800,1000]$, and the inclusive region $[500,1000]$ GeV), revealing how explanation quality and focus shift between non-perturbative and perturbative regimes. We further quantify the correlation between explainer-assigned node importance and classical jet substructure observables -- $N$-subjettiness ratios $τ_{21}$ and $τ_{32}$ and the energy correlation functions -- establishing the degree to which the model has learned known QCD features. We find that overall the weight assigned by explainability methods has a correlation with analytic observables, with expected shift across different phase space regimes, indicating that a trained neural network indeed learns some aspects of jet-substructure moments. Our open-source implementation enables reproducible explainability studies for graph-based jet taggers.

Quantum computing calibration depends on interpreting experimental data, and calibration plots provide the most universal human-readable representation for this task, yet no systematic evaluation exists of how well vision-language models (VLMs) interpret them. We introduce QCalEval, the first VLM benchmark for quantum calibration plots: 243 samples across 87 scenario types from 22 experiment families, spanning superconducting qubits and neutral atoms, evaluated on six question types in both zero-shot and in-context learning settings. The best general-purpose zero-shot model reaches a mean score of 72.3, and many open-weight models degrade under multi-image in-context learning, whereas frontier closed models improve substantially. A supervised fine-tuning ablation at the 9-billion-parameter scale shows that SFT improves zero-shot performance but cannot close the multimodal in-context learning gap. As a reference case study, we release NVIDIA Ising Calibration 1, an open-weight model based on Qwen3.5-35B-A3B that reaches 74.7 zero-shot average score.

Optical resonator-enhanced nonlinear interactions are of great importance for the efficient generation of continuous-wave second harmonic generation, optical parametric oscillation, frequency mixing, and the generation of squeezed light. In order to maximize these interactions within the intra-cavity nonlinear material, high intensities, optimal phase matching, and simultaneous resonance of all interacting fields are required. However, the dispersion of the optical resonator often prevents the co-resonance of multiple wavelengths. Here, we present a novel implementation using a monolithic bimetallic heat sink for controlling the resonator dispersion based on a shallow temperature gradient directly applied to a section of the nonlinear crystal. This method enables precise dispersion control and is designed to minimize mechanical and thermal stresses in the nonlinear crystal, thus providing an additional method for designing highly efficient and reliable resonator-enhanced nonlinear devices for demanding applications such as gravitational wave detection, quantum optics, and frequency conversion.

The equation of state and, more generally, the thermodynamics of the Lennard-Jones fluid have long served as a benchmark problem in the statistical theory of fluids. Among available theoretical approaches, first-order perturbation theory occupies a special position: only at this level does the correction to the Helmholtz free energy admit an exact statistical-mechanical expression. In this work, we present a systematic, simulation-based assessment of a non-classical first-order perturbation theory in which the reference system incorporates the entire short-range part of the interaction, while the perturbation is confined to the remaining long-range tail. We show that this range-based decomposition transforms the perturbation contribution into a small, smoothly varying, near-mean-field quantity over a broad supercritical thermodynamic domain. When its density and temperature derivatives are consistently retained, the resulting equation of state reproduces high-accuracy reference data with excellent fidelity. The results demonstrate that the success of first-order perturbation theory is governed primarily by the physical content of the reference system and by the consistent treatment of its state dependence, rather than by the formal truncation order of the expansion.

The singly Cabibbo suppressed (SCS) decays $D\to πa_0$, with $a_0\equiv a_0(980)$, have been measured with the branching-fraction ratios $r^{+/-}_{\rm ex}\equiv {\cal B}(D^0\toπ^- a_0^+)/{\cal B}(D^0\toπ^+ a_0^-)=7.5^{+2.5}_{-0.8}\pm 1.7$ and $r^{+/0}_{\rm ex}\equiv {\cal B}(D^+\toπ^0 a_0^+)/{\cal B}(D^+\toπ^+ a_0^0)=2.6\pm 0.6\pm 0.3$, deviating significantly from the short-distance expectations $(r^{+/-},r^{+/0})\simeq (0.07,0.2)$. This discrepancy indicates the necessity of long-distance rescattering effects. In particular, the process $D\to K^*K\to a_0π$ generates ${\cal M}_s$ comparable in magnitude to ${\cal M}_d$ in the amplitude ${\cal M}=λ_d{\cal M}_d+λ_s{\cal M}_s$, with $λ_q\equiv V_{cq}^*V_{uq}$, accompanied by nontrivial strong phases essential for $CP$ violation. Consequently, the direct $CP$ asymmetries naturally arise at the ${\cal O}(10^{-3})$ level, for example, ${\cal A}_{CP}(D^0\toπ^- a_0^+)=(-0.7\pm 0.1\pm 0.1\pm 0.1)\times 10^{-3}$, ${\cal A}_{CP}(D^+\toπ^0 a_0^+)=(-1.4\pm 0.1\pm 0.1\pm 0.1)\times 10^{-3}$, and ${\cal A}_{CP}(D^0\toπ^+ a_0^-)=(-2.1\pm 0.9\pm 1.1\pm 0.4)\times 10^{-3}$. These results establish SCS $D\to πa_0$ decays as a new avenue for probing $CP$ violation.

Reconstructing the shape of the Higgs potential realised in Nature is one of the most pressing tasks of current and future colliders. This will offer deep insights into the dynamics of the electroweak phase transition and provide a unique opportunity to probe physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In this context, it is essential to have precise theory predictions for trilinear scalar couplings, which control the form of the potential, and for Higgs pair production processes, which are the observables that allow accessing the trilinear couplings. I summarise in these proceedings recent progress in precision calculations of both trilinear scalar couplings and Higgs pair production at the (HL-)LHC in BSM models with extended scalar sectors.

Hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) aims at coupling various quantum degrees of freedom, among which are spin and charge degrees of freedom in gate defined quantum dots, phonons or magnons... with quantized electromagnetic fields in superconducting microwave cavities to investigate fundamental physics questions or for quantum computation and simulation. However, low microwave losses, key for many hybrid cQED experiments, are challenging to achieve given the often exotic and/or complex material stacks (e.g. semiconducting material, ferromagnets, or piezoelectric materials) required to host the various quantum degrees of freedom. In this work, we present a 3D-integration process to overcome this challenge for semi-industrial silicon MOS spin qubits. The process is based on dense indium bump interconnects at a pitch of 10 μm and superconducting thin films of Niobium Nitride (NbN). First, we report on DC and RF interconnect properties that demonstrate a high galvanic interconnection yield and internal quality factors above 105 in the single photon regime for NbN resonators interrupted by a single indium bump interconnect. Eventually, we fabricated a 3D-integrated hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) device based on a semi-industrial MOS hole double quantum dot and a high impedance NbN resonator. For this device, we report a cavity internal quality factor above 10000 and demonstrate record sensitivity for gate-based dispersive readout of the charge degree of freedom with an SNR of 100 in 300 ns. Finally, we demonstrate strong spin-photon coupling of gs/{2π} = 75 MHz, which highlights the viability of 3D-integration for quantum dot based hybrid spin circuit quantum electrodynamics and opens to high-fidelity spin readout and microwave photon-based remote spin qubit entanglement.

Electron backscatter diffraction is a powerful tool for mapping crystallographic microstructures. However, the primary crux to improving orientation accuracy and applying the technique to challenging materials lies in the correct calibration of the sample-detector geometry. Many approaches have aimed at overcoming this barrier through various pattern center calibration strategies, but the pattern center only defines part of the sample-detector geometry. Here, we present a DIC-based geometry refinement method that obtains a single map-consistent sample-detector geometry, refining both the pattern center and sample/detector angles. We effectively decouple the local orientation changes from the global geometry effects on the Kikuchi patterns by calculating the consistent map-wide simulated-to-experimental pattern shifts associated with global geometry parameter errors. Using single-crystal silicon and barium titanate (a material possessing six pseudosymmetric variants) as model materials, we demonstrate improved map-wide orientation consistency and more robust discrimination of pseudosymmetric variants than the Nelder-Mead and Differential Evolution optimization strategies.

Boundary integral equations are presented to analyze perturbations in terms of small elastic deformations superimposed upon an arbitrary, homogeneous strain. Plane strain deformations of an incompressible, prestressed, anisotropic, elastic solid are considered assuming the Biot constitutive framework. The special case of perturbations of stress/deformation incident wave fields, caused by a shear band of finite length formed inside the material at a certain stage of the deformation path, is formulated.

There is widespread interest in many-body quantum systems that exhibit limit-cycle or time-crystalline behaviour. An ideal quantum limit cycle would be realized using fully coherent driving (to minimize noise) and also have a continuous internal symmetry (to ensure generation of monochromatic radiation). While these two requirements may seem incompatible, we introduce in this work a large class of multi-mode bosonic limit cycle models based on coherent parametric driving which possess an O(N) continuous symmetry. Surprisingly, the full quantum dissipative steady state of these models can be found exactly. They exhibit rich physics, including steady state entanglement, reduced phase diffusion and the possibility of realizing quantum limit tori. The basic mechanism we identify provides a unified way to understand how coherent parametric driving can yield symmetry-enriched limit cycles, and also helps us understand related models where the relevant symmetries are weakly broken. The models we study are compatible with a range of different experimental platforms, including quantum optical setups and superconducting quantum circuits.

Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC) and Quantum Error Correction (QEC) rely on dynamic circuits that include Mid-Circuit Measurements (MCMs) and classical feedback. These operations present a major bottleneck: MCMs suffer from high error rates that lead to real-time branching errors, while MCM and classical feedback latencies amplify decoherence errors. Current hardware controllers, qubit-state discriminators, and software error mitigation techniques fail to address these challenges holistically. We propose MCMit, a hardware-software co-design to mitigate branching and latency-induced errors. MCMit introduces a scalable, constant-latency multi-control branch instruction for faster classical feedback and two qubit-state discriminators, a transformer, and a CNN, with high accuracy even under short measurement durations. On the software side, static MCM elimination and stochastic branching complement the hardware by mitigating residual branching errors that persist despite hardware improvements. We implement MCMit on Qubic and evaluate it using experimentally extracted QPU readout traces. Our branch instruction reduces feedback latency by up to 70\%, improving circuit depths by up to $7\times$ over Qubic. Our CNN discriminator achieves 37-73\% higher accuracy for short measurement durations than the baselines, leading to up to 80\% lower logical error rates in QEC. Last, our software mitigation improves fidelity by 18--30\% over baseline methods.

The decomposition of complex quantum operations into experimentally feasible gate sets has been a central challenge since the early development of quantum computing. The multi-controlled Toffoli (MCT) gate is a key example, with applications across a wide range of quantum algorithms, whose decomposition into smaller gates, however, typically leads to deep circuits. In this work, we introduce a teleportation-based decomposition that implements an arbitrary MCT gate with unit Toffoli depth, independent of the number of controls, while maintaining a relatively low Toffoli count compared to existing approaches. This is achieved at the cost of a linear overhead in ancilla qubits and the ability to distribute entangled pairs across distant qubits, a capability already available in several quantum computing platforms. We further demonstrate the advantages of this implementation in circuits that rely on MCT gates, such as the adder operator, quantum read-only memory, quantum neurons, and quantum decision trees.

Orderings in charge and spin have been extensively studied to unravel their correlation to emergent superconductivity over the past decades. Bragg-Williams order (BWO), a classical structural order parameter describing site occupancy in alloys, has long been speculated to influence superconducting behavior. Yet, its role still remains ambiguous, largely due to the difficulty of isolating BWO from concomitant charge doping or competing electronic instabilities. Here, we establish In2/3PSe3 as a platform wherein indium vacancies are reversibly configurable between ordered and disordered states via thermal treatment. We show that the disordered phase undergoes a pressure-induced superconducting transition with a Tc of 11 K, significantly higher than the 7 K observed in its ordered counterpart. This constitutes a rare instance in which pure BWO variation drives a substantial shift in Tc. By combining a Ginzburg-Landau phenomenological analysis with a BCS-McMillan microscopic description, we demonstrate that BWO naturally suppresses superconductivity through electron-phonon interactions, a mechanism supported by ultra-low-wavenumber Raman measurements. Our findings support BWO as an independent order parameter that competes directly with superconductivity, extending the concept of competing orders beyond conventional electronic and magnetic degrees of freedom.

The measurement of polarization serves as an important probe to investigate the production mechanism of quarkonia, the bound state of heavy quark anti-quark (charm or bottom) pairs, in hadronic collisions. In experimental invesigations, the polarization is usually measured by analyzing the anisotropies in the angular distribution of the muons originating from the decay of the quarkonium state. In the present article, we study the charmonia ($J/ψ$) and bottomonia ($Υ(1S)$) polarization at $\sqrt{s} =7 $ and 13 TeV in proton-proton(p-p) collisions at LHC using Monte Carlo (MC) event generator model PYTHIA8, which is based on perturbative QCD. The transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) differential distribution has been calculated at forward rapidity ($2.5 < y_{μμ} < 4.0$) and the polarization parameters are estimated in Helicity and Collins-Sooper reference frames. In addition, to mimic realistic experimental conditions, we have incorporated, in PYTHIA simulations, effects like detector inefficiencies and muon momentum smearing. These contributions alter the polarization parameters, introducing an artificial degree of polarization, if not properly corrected for. The simulation results have been compared with the recent ALICE measurements for quarkonia polarization in p-p collisions at LHC energy regime.

We study the thermodynamic phase diagram of a one-dimensional quantum spin chain subjected to both mean-field and nearest-neighbor interactions, and to a transverse magnetic field $h$. The purpose is to determine the effect of the quantum fluctuations, due to the transverse field, on the phase diagram, in particular with respect to the occurrence of ensemble inequivalence. We denote our model as a quantum Nagle-Kardar model. To perform the calculation of the canonical partition function, we show that, due to the presence of the mean-field term, in the thermodynamic limit one can use the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation in spite of the non-commutativity of the different operators appearing in the Hamiltonian, and we adopt a procedure of successive approximations that lead to the determination of the phase diagram thanks to a scaling property of the phase transition lines. The results show that the ensemble inequivalence, present in the classical Nagle-Kardar model, is removed above a threshold value $h_c$ for the transverse field. For $h$ larger than $h_c$ the phase diagram exhibits only second-order phase transition lines, implying therefore restoration of ensemble equivalence.

We consider the anomalous dimension $γ_{gg}^{(3)}(N)$ of the twist-two gluon operator of arbitrary Lorentz spin $N$ in the quark flavor singlet sector of a general gauge theory at four loops and construct its contribution proportional to $ζ(3)$ in analytic form by applying the Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász algorithm to the available low-$N$ moments. We exploit generalized Gribov-Liptov reciprocity, establish new self-tuning relations for the anomalous dimension matrix of the singlet sector, and inject information from $\mathcal{N}=1,4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories. We also present the contribution to the rational part of $γ_{gg}^{(3)}(N)$ with color factor $C_F^2n_f^2$. Exact contributions to the four-loop splitting function $P_{gg}^{(3)}(x)$ hence resulting via inverse Mellin transformation help us to reduce theoretical uncertainties in scaling violations of parton distribution functions in QCD.

Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) stand out for their interplay between ionic and electronic conduction, making them ideal analogues to biological synapses for neuromorphic computing and biosensing applications. Furthermore, they can be printed into integrated circuits on flexible substrates, enabling low-cost and high-throughput fabrication of complete electronic systems. However, most OECT electrolytes for integrated circuits still lack biocompatibility and suffer from rheology-related printing challenges. This paper presents a novel material basis that can be combined with an ionic liquid to fabricate an electrolyte for OECTs that only contains biocompatible materials. It allows rheological adjustments to enable the use of electrolyte in both inkjet and screen printing. Furthermore, the electrolyte is UV-curable, enabling it to transition into solid-state structures after printing. Extended ink and device lifetimes for screen-printed structures enable the fabrication of advanced OECTs that can operate in ambient air for over 30 days after fabrication. Ultimately, a fully screen-printed transistor using only biocompatible materials on a leaf substrate is shown

The dispersion of fast radio bursts (FRBs) measures the column density of free electrons, tracing the diffuse ionized gas that contains more than $90\%$ of all baryons. On linear scales the FRB dispersion field is an approximately unbiased tracer of the matter distribution, an idea long assumed in the FRB large-scale structure literature and recently formalized by Zhou and Zhang [arXiv:2510.11022]. This follows from baryon-mass conservation, which forces the total baryon field to have unit linear bias, with dispersion inheriting this bias up to small corrections from the stellar and neutral-gas components. We show these corrections can be bounded at the percent level using existing galaxy and 21 cm surveys, and confirm with the FLAMINGO hydrodynamical simulations that the electron bias varies at the percent level across a wide range of feedback prescriptions. The dispersion-galaxy cross-power spectrum at linear scales directly constrains $B_8 \equiv σ_8(Ω_b/0.05)^{1/2}$, a baryonic analog of $S_8$, independently of feedback physics. Because most of the per-object variance in dispersion is cosmological signal rather than noise, $\sim\!10^5$ localized FRBs can match the statistical power of $\sim\!10^8$ weak-lensing galaxy shape measurements. FRB dispersion thus joins weak lensing and redshift-space distortions as a new unbiased tracer of matter on large scales.

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are fundamental across numerous scientific fields. As these problems scale to high dimensions, classical numerical schemes introduce severe computational bottlenecks, known as the curse of dimensionality. Attempts to solve this problem typically rely on either classical sparsity and low-rank decompositions, or neural network surrogate models. On the other hand, Quantum Computing offers a promising alternative, as it allows us to operate in significantly larger spaces while demanding far fewer resources. In this work, we present a quantum subroutine to solve second-order linear PDEs by exploiting the structural properties of the filter in Fourier space using Quantum Block Encoding (QBE) with quantum reversible arithmetic. This approach serves as a specialized alternative to standard quantum matrix inversion, which typically relies solely on Quantum Singular Value Transformation (QSVT) without exploiting the inherent structural properties of the matrix. We validate the proposed methodology against its classical counterpart to prove its correctness. This framework provides a foundation for extending these methods toward quantum group Fourier transforms, wavelet-based analysis, and equivariant quantum neural networks (EQNNs), offering a promising path toward solving broader classes of problems, including nonlinear PDEs.

Neural networks offer highly expressive turbulence closures, yet their complexity obscures the physical mechanisms they aim to model, and their computational cost can limit their tractability. To address these limitations, we introduce a sparsity-promoting subgrid-scale (SGS) stress closure modeling framework that identifies explicit polynomial model forms using sparse regression. Candidate models are constructed through scaling a minimal tensor basis by a truncated polynomial expansion of invariant scalars, thereby enforcing fundamental invariance properties while regulating the highest order of admissible terms. Arbitrary filter anisotropy is incorporated to enable consistent representation of turbulent structures across computational grids with anisotropic scales and resolutions. We also explicitly constrain SGS energy dissipation during training to improve functional performance and promote numerical stability. The framework is trained on a small dataset of idealized turbulence and evaluated through a series of a priori and a posteriori tests. Sensitivity studies examine the effects of variations in model order and optimization penalties for regularization and dissipation across a range of canonical flow configurations. We also evaluate on a separated flow benchmark to assess generalizability to a more complex turbulent regime. In many cases, the sparse regression closures achieve predictive accuracy comparable to an invariance-preserving neural network while retaining markedly simpler parametric forms. Moreover, we demonstrate that the sparse closures can be trained and evaluated at a fraction of the cost of the neural network model.

Guiding relativistically intense laser pulses in low-density plasmas enables extended acceleration lengths in laser-plasma accelerators (LPAs), allowing for the production of multi-GeV electron beams. Quantitative interpretation of such experiments is often limited by substantial uncertainties in key plasma parameters, particularly the transverse density profile of hydrodynamic optically field-ionized channels. Distinct plasma density distributions can produce similar terminal beam energies, complicating efforts to infer the underlying interaction physics from measurements at the accelerator exit alone. By combining longitudinally resolved electron beam diagnostics with independent measurements of laser spectral evolution in a 10 GeV LPA, we establish a multi-observable constraint on plasma density profiles. Once plasma downramps are taken into account, excellent agreement is observed with simulation over the entire accelerator length for two plasma channel sizes. The validated simulations indicate that extending the accelerator length to 65 cm would increase the electron beam energy to 15 GeV. They also point the way to achieving $\sim$20 GeV electron beams in $\sim$70 cm via linear matching using the same 24 J laser energy.

We propose that the symmetry category associated to a 2D quantum field theory with 0-form $G$-symmetry with 't Hooft anomaly $k\in H^4(BG,\mathbb{Z})$ for a large class of Lie groups $G$ is the category of twisted measurable fields of Hilbert spaces over $G$ denoted by $\mathrm{Hilb}^k(G)$, which is equivalent to the category of unitary representations of $C_0(G)$ with convolution product twisted by a multiplicative bundle gerbe labeled by $k$ denoted by $\textbf{Rep}^k(C_0(G))$. We find that the Drinfeld center of the symmetry category $\mathcal{Z}(\mathrm{Hilb}^{k}(G))$ equivalent to the category of unitary representations of the groupoid $C^*$-algebra of the Fell line bundle $Σ_k$ over the conjugation action groupoid $G//_{\rm Ad} G$, denoted by $\textbf{Rep}(C^*(G//_{\rm Ad}G,Σ_k))$, where the twist is characterized by the transgression $τ(k)\in H^2(G//_{\rm Ad}G,U(1))$. To the full generality, our framework applies to a Lie group $G$ that is a direct product of a compact connected Lie group and a number of $\mathbb{R}$ or $GL(1,\mathbb{C})$ factors. We compute the braiding of anyon lines in the bulk 3D SymTFT from this formalism. Finally we provide physical examples for abelian and non-abelian $G$, and discuss the physical consequences of flat gauging continuous global symmetries.