Altermagnets are a new class of magnets accompanying global time-reversal symmetry breaking (TRSB) without net magnetization. The TRSB results in formation of novel altermagnetic domains. Features of altermagnetic domains, in particular their responses to external stimuli, are essentially important but yet unexplored. Here, we report visualization of bulk altermagnetic domains in MnTe based on scanning magneto-optical Kerr-effect microscopy using telecom infrared wavelength. We found two distinct TRSB domains with large Kerr rotations that do not scale with its tiny bulk magnetization. We also revealed controllability and stability of domains against magnetic or thermal perturbations. Our first observation of altermagnetic domains using a laboratory-scale simple optical technique showing their movable nature provide firm bases for future fundamental and application studies of altermagnets.

We focus on halo products, a class of groups introduced by Genevois and Tessera, and whose geometry mimics lamplighters. Famous examples are lampshufflers. Motivated by their work on the classifications up to quasi-isometry of these groups, we initiate a more quantitative study of their geometry. Indeed, it follows from the work of Delabie, Koivisto, Le Maître and Tessera that quantitative orbit equivalence between amenable groups is closely related to their large scale geometry, such a connection being justified by the use, in their main results, of a well-known quasi-isometry invariant: the isoperimetric profile. Inspired by their work on quantitative orbit equivalence between lamplighters, we prove a stability result for orbit equivalence of permutational halo products, going beyond the framework of standard halo products, using a new notion of orbit equivalence of pairs. Combined with our asymptotics of isoperimetric profiles obtained in an earlier article, we prove that most of these constructions are quantitatively optimal. For instance, we show that $\mathsf{Shuffler}(\mathbb{Z}^{k+\ell})$ and $\mathsf{Shuffler}(\mathbb{Z}^{k})$ are $\mathrm{L}^p$ orbit equivalent if and only if $p<\frac{k}{k+\ell}$, thus quantifying how much the geometries of these non-quasi-isometric groups differ. We finally build orbit equivalence couplings using the notion of Følner tiling sequences.

Android apps are built on APIs that abstract core Android system functionalities. These APIs are officially documented in multiple files distributed with the Android source code or SDK, which we collectively refer to as Android API Lists (AALs). Prior Android research has relied on specific AALs, often treating them as interchangeable ground truth. However, recent studies suggest that different AALs can lead to substantially different research outcomes, raising concerns about the validity and reproducibility of Android API-based analyses. To address this issue, we present the first in-depth empirical study of four official AALs that are widely used in prior work. We systematically characterize their contents and analyze their evolution across Android releases. We then perform a fine-grained comparison of the APIs recorded in each AAL to uncover their underlying API inclusion policies and inconsistencies. To assess the practical impact of these differences, we further examine API availability on nine Android devices, including both stock Android and vendor-customized systems. Finally, we analyze API usage in 17,759 real-world Android apps (including open-source apps, commercial apps, and malware) to quantify how the choice of AAL affects empirical Android research. Our results reveal that official AALs are neither stable nor mutually consistent, and that discrepancies among them can substantially influence research conclusions. We also observe that vendor-customized APIs are actively used by normal apps, yet remain largely overlooked by existing studies. Based on these findings, we discuss their implications for Android API-based research and provide actionable suggestions to help researchers select and interpret AALs more reliably.

We analyze an optimal control problem with pointwise tracking for a fractional semilinear elliptic partial differential equation. The diffusion is characterized by the spectral fractional Laplacian $(-Δ)^s$ with $s \in (1/2,1)$, a range that guarantees the well-posedness of point evaluations of the state. In addition to the nonconvexity of the control problem, the main difficulty is that the adjoint equation is a fractional partial differential equation with a singular right-hand side: a linear combination of Dirac measures. We establish the existence of optimal solutions and derive first-order as well as necessary and sufficient second-order optimality conditions.

Quasi-primary correlators in two-dimensional conformal field theories deformed simultaneously by $T\bar T$ and root-$T\bar T$ are studied. A path-integral formulation motivated by the geometric realization of the combined deformation is used to develop a geometric framework for evaluating the deformed correlators. Within this framework, the two-point function is obtained to all orders in the $T\bar T$ coupling and to leading order in the root-$T\bar T$ coupling, while the leading correction to the three-point function is computed. It is further shown that the deformed two-point correlator admits a kernel representation as a weighted average of undeformed CFT correlators over conformal dimensions. This representation is derived explicitly for both the pure $T\bar T$ deformation and the combined flow. In this way, the mixed $T\bar T$/root-$T\bar T$ deformation is incorporated into the geometric description of irrelevant deformations, and the structure of local correlators beyond the pure $T\bar T$ case is characterized more explicitly.

Unstructured meshes are among the most versatile approaches for capturing non-canonical geometries in fluid dynamics simulations. Despite this, most high-fidelity first-principles phase-change models are developed and applied on structured meshes. We present a phase-change simulation method for unstructured meshes that combines the algebraic Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) technique with geometric interface reconstruction, implemented in an in-house open-source CFD code. Phase-change rates are computed from local temperature gradients evaluated at the reconstructed interface, without empirical closure models, using a reconstruction procedure that operates on arbitrary polyhedral cells. Because the method relies on the standard finite-volume framework, it can be integrated into other cell-centred codes supporting unstructured meshes. The approach is validated against the one-dimensional Stefan and Sucking problems and the three-dimensional Scriven bubble growth on both hexahedral and polyhedral meshes, showing good agreement with analytical solutions in all three cases. A detailed analysis of the Scriven problem reveals that the interface-modified least-squares gradient stencil on Cartesian meshes overestimates the interfacial temperature gradient, producing a persistent overshoot of the analytical bubble radius and a coherent four-fold anisotropy that elongates the bubble along grid diagonals. On polyhedral meshes, the irregular face orientations eliminate both effects, yielding isotropic growth and monotonic convergence. Finally, we demonstrate the framework on turbulent upward co-current annular boiling flow, where early transient results are qualitatively consistent with a previous LES study and experimental observations of wave-modulated evaporation.

We continue the study of the braided compact quantum group $\mathrm{SU}_q(2)$ for complex $q$ satisfying $0<|q|<1$ introduced by Kasprzak, Meyer, Roy and Woronowicz (J. Noncommut. Geom. 10(4):1611-1625, 2016). We address such aspects as existence of the Haar measure, construct the scaling group, the antipode and its polar decomposition and describe the related braided Hopf algebra. We also study when the braided flip extends to a completely bounded map and establish equivalence between the two approaches to bosonization and braided tensor product taken in the literature (Kasprzak, Meyer, Roy, Woronowicz J. Noncommut. Geom. 10(4):1611-1625, 2016 vs. Meyer, Roy Woronowicz Internat. J. Math. 25(2):1450019, 37, 2014, Roy Int. Math. Res. Not. (14):11791--11828, 2023 and De Commer, Krajczok arXiv:2412.17444, to appear in J. Operator Th.).

Interactions between fluids and granular materials are prevalent on the Earth's surface. In the case of fluid flow over a sediment bed, the fluid imparts a shear stress to the granular materials. When the applied shear stress is above a critical value, the grains become entrained in the fluid flow. Prior experimental studies have shown that granular beds subjected to a sub-critical fluid flow can strengthen in the same direction as the sub-critical flow. In contrast, granular beds can become weaker in the direction opposite to the sub-critical fluid flow. To investigate the grain-scale mechanisms that control directional strengthening and weakening, we perform discrete element method (DEM) simulations of granular beds subjected to model fluid flows in two (2D) and three (3D) dimensions with varied inter-particle static friction coefficients and conditioning flow speeds. In these studies, the sub-critical grain motion does not cause significant bed compaction. Instead, we find that the strength of a granular bed in a particular direction is highly correlated with the fraction of {\it surface} grains that can be dislodged by a fluid force applied in that direction. Further, the anisotropic bed strength only persists over a finite time scale that is set by the Shields number. We also show that inter-particle static friction is not required for bed strength anisotropy, but varying the friction affects the magnitude of the anisotropy. This research enhances the grain-scale understanding of erosion of granular beds caused by fluid flows and underscores the importance of tracking the history of the fabric of the bed surface since it couples strongly to bed strength.

In a quantum LiDAR system, to achieve a better resolution and sensitivity, detection scheme plays an important role. We propose a novel detection scheme in which the photo detector considers only the $4n$ number of photons, where $n \in \mathbb{N}$, as a click and the rest of them as a no-click. Similar to the $Z$-detection scheme, where we get a click for any number of photons, we termed this measurement as $Z_{4n}$-detection scheme. By employing superposition of four coherent states (SFCS) and vacuum as input we investigate the performance of Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based quantum LiDAR systems. We found a significant enhancement in resolution and broader working point for the phase sensitivity in comparison to the $Z$-detection scheme. Our findings highlight the advantages of our approach and suggest promising advancements in the field of quantum LiDAR sensing technology, providing a pathway for more accurate and sensitive measurement capabilities.

In this paper, we study homotopical analogues of the Cantor-Bendixson derivative. For each $n\geq 0$, the "$π_n$-wild set" $\mathbf{w}_n(X)$ of a topological space $X$ is the subspace of $X$ consisting of the points at which there exists a shrinking sequence of essential based maps $S^n\to X$. Since the operator $\mathbf{w}_n$ permits iteration, every given space $X$ yields a descending transfinite sequence of nested subspaces $\{\mathbf{w}_n^κ(X)\}_κ$ that stabilizes at some smallest ordinal $\mathbf{wrk}_n(X)$ called the "$π_n$-wild rank" of $X$. We show that the entire transfinite sequence $\{ho(\mathbf{w}_n^κ(X))\}_κ$ of homotopy types is a homotopy invariant of $X$ and that $\mathbf{wrk}_n(X)$ can be an arbitrary countable ordinal when $X$ is an $n$-dimensional Peano continuum. It remains open if there exists a continuum $X$ with uncountable $π_n$-wild rank. This difficulty motivates the parallel study a basepoint-free version $\mathbf{fwrk}_n(X)$, called the "free $π_n$-wild rank" of $X$. We show that for every continuum $X$, $\mathbf{fwrk}_n(X)$ is always countable and can be any countable ordinal.

We present a meshless numerical method for simulating the dynamics of axisymmetric vesicles in a viscous medium. Key innovations include: (1) adaptive reparameterization based on local length scales, reducing the number of required harmonics; (2) gauge dynamics for maintaining optimal parameterization; (3) error control near the symmetry axis; and (4) spectrally accurate quadrature schemes for singular integrals. The method achieves high accuracy and computational efficiency for simulating lipid bilayer dynamics and related problems in soft matter physics.

In continuous-time portfolio selection for non-concave utility functions, the martingale duality approach is widely adopted in complete markets, while the dynamic programming approach may sometimes lead to singular solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. We propose "dynamic Lagrange multipliers" in a non-concave utility framework, bridging two approaches and demonstrating that the Lagrangian multiplier function (in the martingale duality approach) equals the conjugate dual point related to the value function (in dynamic programming), which is exactly its partial derivative with respect to wealth. Moreover, the dynamic multiplier process exhibits homogeneity via the optimal wealth and pricing kernel processes, offering intuitive economic interpretations as a dynamic shadow price of the envelope theorem. Finally, classical optimal results are recovered and numerically validated by non-concave utility examples.

Reliable communication in confined environments, such as blood vessels or industrial pipelines, remain challenging due to signal attenuation and limited sensor accessibility. Therefore, this work investigates microbubbles as robust information carriers within the Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) paradigm, leveraging their established use as ultrasound contrast agents. It presents a combined experimental and numerical analysis characterizing microbubble transport under varying flow conditions relevant to biomedical and industrial applications. Experiments with SonoVue microbubbles in a recirculating water channel validate an OpenFOAM-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation using the incompressibleDenseParticleFluid solver. Key cases examine water vs. blood-like media and high vs. physiological flow velocities, analyzing the relative influence of fluid properties and advection on microbubble dynamics. Recirculation effects are considered in relation to in vivo circulation timescales.

Recent advances in the field of active soft matter promise a lot. Both, experimental advances and theoretical understanding point towards new material classes in reach, for example self-healing materials that might switch their properties from elastic to solid easily or switch their macroscopic shapes. All these materials require an active force to propel parts of themselves on the micrometer scale. While chemical fuels are often used to generate these active forces, applying energy in a simple and continuous way remains unsolved. Here we explore using light as such an energy source. Overall, generating active driven, self-propelled particles is hence not only of great interest but also a general challenge. Moreover, controlling such particles even within living tissue would open new worlds, for example to enable specific drug delivery or the design of micro-robots. One recently proposed method to establish light driven self propelled particles is to create specific shaped and transparent objects, that move when illuminated with homogeneous light. In these particles, the refraction of the light leads to a momentum transfer, which then drives the active movement. Here, we show both in simulation and experiments that the production of such particles is possible and demonstrate the feasibility of this propulsion effect, while investigating different shapes. Our experiments show that breaking the shape-symmetry of the particles creates a refraction-based propulsion under homogeneous illumination. Subsequent simulations reveal that total reflection leads to the largest momentum transfer among all different geometries considered. Overall, our study introduces the proof-of-principle for refraction-propelled particles, which has the potential to benefit many fields of study including cellular behaviour, collective dynamics and the understanding of disease mechanisms.

Active colloidal microparticles require reliable actuation to sustain directed motion. Light-based propulsion is particularly attractive as it provides persistent energy supply and enables direct spatiotemporal control. Here, we introduce 3D-printable particles with symmetry-broken refractive index profiles (SBRIP particles) that achieve propulsion through direct momentum transfer from asymmetric light refraction. Internal refractive-index gradients provide optical symmetry breaking independent of external shape, fundamentally decoupling propulsion from particle geometry. Geometrically symmetry-broken particles with a homogeneous refractive index are another special case, where propulsion originates from refractive contrast at the boundary instead of within the particle. Unlike conventional systems relying on absorption or reflection, this transparency-based mechanism minimizes heating and mitigates shadowing in bulk suspensions. We present a theoretical framework for refractive propulsion as well as numerical simulations of the SBRIP particles using raytracing and the finite volume method. This is complemented by experiments, validating the momentum transfer mechanism using particles with geometric symmetry breaking. The high transparency of our particles ensures deep light penetration, enabling the realization of volumetric active matter. This opens pathways toward adaptive nonlinear optical materials where light-driven particle reorganization modulates the local refractive index, establishing a dynamic feedback loop between the optical field and the material structure.

We consider stationary $p$-Schrödinger equations on the whole space with integrable data and potentials that are confining in measure. We introduce asymptotic energy solutions in an asymptotic $L^p$ framework and establish existence and uniqueness in the degenerate range $p\ge2$. The proof relies on a new Rellich$\unicode{x2013}$Kondrachov-type compactness theorem of independent interest, which provides sufficient conditions for families of Sobolev functions to be precompact in asymptotic $L^p$ spaces, without any dimension-dependent restriction on the exponent. For data in the duality regime $L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\cap L^{p'}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, asymptotic energy solutions coincide with weak energy solutions. We also show that additional compactness assumptions yield localized entropy-type solutions and, under suitable local regularity, distributional solutions.

We study the amplitude-constrained additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel from the perspective of near-optimal input distributions. While it is known that the capacity-achieving input is discrete with finitely many mass points, the precise scaling of its support size as a function of the amplitude constraint remains an open problem. In this work, we instead consider the minimal support size required to achieve capacity up to an $\varepsilon$-gap. We introduce the quantity $K_\varepsilon(A)$, defined as the smallest support size among discrete inputs supported on $[-A,A]$ that achieves mutual information within $\varepsilon$ of capacity. We show that this relaxed formulation is significantly more tractable and admits sharp characterizations across different regimes of $\varepsilon$. In particular, when $\varepsilon$ decays polynomially with $A$, i.e., $\varepsilon = A^{-β}$ for $β\geq 1$, we establish that $K_\varepsilon(A) = Θ(A\sqrt{\log A})$. For exponentially small gaps, we obtain bounds of order between $A\sqrt{\log A}$ and $A^{3/2}$. Our approach combines approximation-theoretic bounds for Gaussian mixtures with information-theoretic control of entropy via $χ^2$-divergence, together with a wrapping argument that relates the problem to approximating the uniform distribution on the circle. Beyond the technical results, our framework provides a conceptual explanation for the variety of scaling laws observed in prior numerical studies, showing that these correspond to different regimes of $\varepsilon$-optimality rather than intrinsic properties of the exact optimizer.

If a finite group $G$ acts on a rational homology manifold, then the orbit space is well-known to be a rational homology manifold again. We consider here actions on spaces that may be much more singular. If the $G$-space is a Witt pseudomanifold, which includes all arbitrarily singular complex pure-dimensional algebraic varieties, then we prove that the orbit space is again a Witt pseudomanifold. In the compact oriented situation, this implies that the orbit space possesses characteristic L-classes, as defined by Goresky and MacPherson. We then construct Atiyah-Singer-Zagier type equivariant L-classes for such $G$-pseudomanifolds which serve, as we show by establishing an averaging formula, as a tool to compute the Goresky-MacPherson L-class of the orbit space. The construction of the equivariant class builds on intersection homological transfer properties and on recent joint K-theoretic work with Eric Leichtnam and Paolo Piazza, which established a G-signature theorem on Witt pseudomanifolds.

We analyse the effect of expansion in Newtonian cosmology on the asymptotic behaviour of charged self-interacting plasmas close to Poisson equilibria. To this end, we study the Vlasov-Poisson system on the phase space of a $3$-torus which is expanding with respect to the scale factor $a(t)$. We show that, for $a(t)=t^q$ with $q\in(0,\frac12)$, solutions to this system exhibit nonlinear Landau damping for initial data that is small with respect to a suitably strong Gevrey class, i.e., the charge density contrast of the plasma decays superpolynomially. For larger choices of $q$ within this range, the initial data requirements become stricter while the decay weakens. To our knowledge, this is the first result showing Landau damping in a cosmological setting.

Private set intersection (PSI) enables a sender holding a set $Q$ of size $m$ and a receiver holding a set $W$ of size $n$ to securely compute the intersection $Q \cap W$. Fuzzy PSI (FPSI) is a PSI variant where the receiver learns the items $q \in Q$ for which there exists some $w \in W$ satisfying $\mathsf{dist}(q, w) \le δ$ under a given distance metric. Although several FPSI works are proposed for $L_{p}$ distance metrics with $p \in [1, \infty]$, they either heavily rely on expensive homomorphic encryptions, or incur undesirable complexity, e.g., exponential to the element dimension, both of which lead to poor practical efficiency. In this work, we propose efficient FPSI protocols for $L_{p \in [1, \infty]}$ distance metrics, primarily leveraging significantly cheaper symmetric-key operations. Our protocols achieve linear communication and computation complexity in the set sizes $m,n$, the dimension $d$, and the distance threshold $δ$. Our core building block is an oblivious programmable PRF with secret-shared outputs, which may be of independent interest. Furthermore, we incorporate a prefix technique that reduces the dependence on the distance threshold $δ$ to logarithmic, which is particularly suitable for large $δ$. We implement our FPSI protocols and compare them with state-of-the-art constructions. Experimental results demonstrate that our protocols consistently and significantly outperform existing works across all settings. Specifically, our protocols achieve a speedup of $12{\sim}145\times$ in running time and a reduction of $3{\sim}8\times$ in communication cost compared to Gao et al.~(ASIACRYPT'24) and a speedup of $9{\sim}80\times$ in running time and a reduction of $5{\sim}19\times$ in communication cost compared to Dang et al.~(CCS'25).

The electric and magnetic dipole moments of the electron and of the muon provide stringent tests of the Standard Model and sensitive probes of new physics. By contrast, the corresponding dipole moments of the $τ$ lepton remain weakly constrained. This study explores the potential of future lepton colliders, focusing on the $e^+e^-$ Future Circular Collider and a multi-TeV muon collider, to probe $τ$ dipole moments. We consider multiple channels, including $\ell^+\ell^- \to τ^+τ^-$ ($\ell=e,μ$), associated Higgs production $μ^+μ^- \to τ^+τ^- H$, radiative Higgs decays $H \to τ^+τ^-γ$, and vector-boson scattering $\ell^+\ell^- \to \ell^+\ell^-τ^+τ^-$ and $μ^+μ^- \to \barνντ^+τ^-$. Our results show that these facilities are highly complementary and can extend existing bounds by several orders of magnitude.

Given a regular $n$-gon on the plane, it is evident that from any point on the plane, taken as a center, one can draw $n$ concentric circles such that each circle passes through one of the vertices of the polygon. Naturally, this raises the problem of whether such a construction is possible for any two given regular $n$-gons on the plane. In this paper, we establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of $n$ concentric circles such that each circle passes through one vertex of each of the two regular $n$-gons. Keywords and phrases: Polygonal distances, cyclic averages, concentric circles, two regular polygons, two equilateral triangles, two squares

High-level synthesis (HLS) tools offer limited support for Engineering Change Orders (ECOs), making late-stage design modifications challenging and costly. This paper introduces a graph-based ECO methodology tailored for Google XLS. A Graph Edit Distance (GED) algorithm is used to detect structural differences between original and revised intermediate representations (IRs), which are then transformed into patch operations. A patch application mechanism is developed to enforce XLS IR constraints while preserving semantic correctness, together with a schedule constraining scheme that maintains the original pipeline registers. Experiments across several XLS designs demonstrate high structural reuse ratios, effective schedule preservation, and full functional correctness, highlighting the practicality of the approach for production HLS flows.

We show for $κ\in (4,8)$ that the canonical conformally covariant measure on the conformal loop ensemble (CLE$_κ$) gasket, previously constructed indirectly by the first co-author and Schoug, can be realized as the limit of several natural approximation schemes. These include the Euclidean Minkowski content and its box-count variants, the properly renormalized number of dyadic squares that intersect the gasket, and the properly renormalized minimal number of balls of radius $δ$ necessary to cover the gasket with respect to both its canonical geodesic and resistance metrics. This in particular allows us to identify the CLE$_6$ gasket measure with the conformally covariant measure constructed by Garban-Pete-Schramm as a scaling limit of the number of vertices in a macroscopic critical percolation cluster on the triangular lattice. Along the way, we show that the CLE gasket measure of every fixed compact set has finite moments of all orders; previously this was only known for first moments.

We compute the cohomology groups of the pure symmetric outer automorphism group $Σ$POut$(A_Γ)$ and the pure symmetric automorphism group $Σ$PAut$(A_Γ)$ of a right-angled Artin group $A_Γ$. Using the equivariant spectral sequence arising from the action of $Σ$POut$(A_Γ)$ on the generalized McCullough-Miller complex MM$_Γ$, we show that $H^q(Σ$POut$(A_Γ))$ is free abelian and we compute its rank in terms of the combinatorics of certain poset. Applying the Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence and the Leray-Hirsch theorem we do the same for $H^q(Σ$PAut$(A_Γ))$. In both cases the cohomology ring is generated in degree 1. Finally, we introduce the Generalized Brownstein-Lee Conjecture, proposing a presentation of $H^*(Σ$PAut$(A_Γ))$, and prove that it holds in dimension $2$.

The dynamics of water in electrolyte solutions exhibits a striking, ion-specific anomaly: the diffusion coefficient of water is enhanced relative to the neat liquid in chaotropic CsI solutions, yet suppressed in kosmotropic NaCl solutions. This phenomenon, long challenging for classical force-field-based molecular dynamics, is studied here using classical molecular dynamics simulations with a many-body machine-learned force field (MLFF) trained within the MACE equivariant graph neural network framework. The force field is trained on energies, forces, and stresses computed at the density functional theory level with the revPBE-D3 exchange--correlation functional, which provides a reliable balance between accuracy and computational efficiency for aqueous systems. Simulations of NaCl and CsI aqueous solutions at ambient conditions over a concentration range of 0.89--3.56 mol/kg reproduce the experimentally observed anomalous diffusion and show a quantitative improvement over previous results obtained with the DeePMD framework, trained on the same theory, particularly for NaCl solutions. This improvement is traced to a stronger Na$^{+}$--water interaction in the first hydration shell and the non-negligible retarding contribution of the second hydration shell of Na$^{+}$. For CsI solutions, the water acceleration is shown to be primarily driven by the anion I$^{-}$, whose diffuse and weakly structured hydration shell facilitates rapid water exchange with the bulk. These results are rationalised through a shell-decomposition analysis of time-dependent water diffusivities and ion--oxygen potentials of mean force providing a coherent microscopic picture of the acceleration--retardation mechanism in the studied aqueous electrolytes.

Collinear factorization and the leading-twist operator product expansion (OPE) in perturbative QCD express suitably inclusive observables in scale-separated kinematics as composites of perturbative short-distance coefficients with universal long-distance non-perturbative correlators such as parton distribution functions (PDFs), up to controlled power corrections. A persistent structural feature is \emph{presentation non-uniqueness}: coefficients and correlators are not individually physical, but are defined only up to finite factorization-scheme redefinitions induced by collinear subtractions and renormalized-operator mixing. We formalize this redundancy categorically by introducing an \emph{interface algebra object} encoding admissible finite collinear counterterms/mixing kernels and by organizing coefficient data and hadronic data as right/left modules over this algebra in a symmetric monoidal category encoding the chosen recomposition calculus. Our main result, the \emph{Core Representation Theorem}, identifies the universal scheme-invariant carrier: the functor of balanced (scheme-invariant) pairings is represented by the relative tensor product $C\otimes_A f$, which is terminal among all quotients of the naive composite $C\otimes f$ that preserve scheme-invariant semantics. Finally, we show how standard physics inputs (symmetry constraints, locality/OPE, and a stated accuracy truncation) canonically induce the interface algebra and module structures, and we prove a minimal closure principle for completing a generating set of long-distance operators/correlators to an $A$-stable sector.

Stellar streams are dynamically fragile structures formed by the tidal disruption of dwarf galaxies and stellar clusters. These objects are valuable tracers of the gravitational potential and accretion history of the Milky Way, and are key probes for the presence and interactions of starless dark matter subhalos. The Jet stream is a $\sim 30^\circ$-long stellar stream that is situated at 30.4 kpc and originates from a disrupted globular cluster. It consists of metal-poor stars that follow a retrograde orbit, reducing the impulse imparted from the Milky Way bar and making it especially sensitive to gravitational perturbations from dark matter subhalos. This paper investigates the known extent of the Jet stream by leveraging photometric metallicities derived from a narrowband filter centered on the Ca II H&K lines at $\sim$3950A on the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), as part of the Mapping the Ancient Galaxy in CaHK (MAGIC) survey. The wide field-of-view of DECam enables the efficient derivation of photometric metallicities for stars across the full extent of the stream, allowing for a metallicity-based selection to identify likely members. We demonstrate the efficacy of photometric metallicities in isolating stream members when used with Gaia DR3 proper motions, identifying a sample of 213 candidate Jet stream member stars. This then allows for the study of stream morphology, through which we identify a clear fanning of the stream toward the end farther from the Milky Way bar. We provide a list of candidate members, enabling spectroscopic follow-up of the Jet stream to facilitate further studies of its dynamics.

This work presents an inexpensive optical projection tomography (OPT) system built on a mobile phone platform for three-dimensional optical microscopy. The system uses an iPhone camera together with a low-cost commercial microscope lens attachment, a stepper motor for sample rotation, LED illumination, and custom 3D-printed components, with a total component cost of approximately 50 US dollars excluding the phone. To support system evaluation, we also developed a low-cost method for fabricating a zebrafish phantom by embedding fixed larvae in UV-cured resin. Camera calibration was performed using a checkerboard target, and effective magnification was estimated with images of a 1951 Air Force resolution target. Projection images acquired during sample rotation were converted to attenuation images and corrected for field nonuniformity. Each slice was reconstructed with filtered backprojection and the resulting slices were stacked into a 3D volume. The completed system achieved a resolution of 3.91 $μm$ and produced volumetric reconstructions in which anatomical features of the zebrafish phantom, including the spine, were clearly visible. These results demonstrate that mobile-phone-based OPT can provide accessible, portable, and low-cost 3D microscopy, with potential utility for education, field work, and resource-limited settings.

Prospective spintronic memory and logic devices will benefit from the negligible stray field and ultrafast magnetic dynamics inherent to antiferromagnets [1]. However, realizing isothermal, nonvolatile, and deterministic switching of antiferromagnetic states remains a key challenge [2, 3]. Here, we propose a piezomagnetic writing scheme in triangular Mn3Ir-based memory cells, with readout achieved via the exchange bias effect. Our approach enables deterministic and nonvolatile switching of the antiferromagnetic states, which exhibit exceptional robustness against external perturbations. The switching mechanism is ascribed to piezomagnetic effect of Mn3Ir combined with the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at the antiferromagnet-ferromagnet interface. This scheme overcomes the speed limitations imposed by conventional isothermal methods based on isothermal crystallization mechanism [4]. Our findings highlight the potential of piezomagnetic effects in designing advanced spintronic devices, providing an efficient pathway for manipulating antiferromagnetic states and developing energy-efficient memory technology.