Here we demonstrate the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of a 4d-4f correlated system, namely Ba3RRu2O9 (R= Ho, Gd, Tb, Nd). The compound Ba3HoRu2O9 antiferromagnetically orders at 50 K where both the Ho and Ru-moments order, followed by another phase transition ~ 10 K. Whereas, the compound Ba3GdRu2O9 and Ba3TbRu2O9 orders at 14.5 and 10.5 K respectively, where the ordering of both R and Ru moments are speculated. Our results reveal robust MCE around low-T magnetic phase transition for all the heavy rare-earth members (Ho, Gd, Tb) in this family. The heavy rare-earth members exhibit an intriguing MCE behavior switching from conventional to non-conventional MCE. Interestingly, the light R-member, Ba3NdRu2O9, orders ferromagnetically below 24 K where Nd-moments order, followed by Ru-ordering below 18 K, exhibits a positive MCE below and above FM-ordering. The compelling MCE are attributed to temperature dependent complex spin-reorientations for different R-members and anisotropy.

By means of a brief review of the derivation of the causal modified Lorentz-Abraham-Dirac classical equation of motion from the renormalization of the mass in the modified equation of motion of an extended charged sphere as its radius approaches zero, it is shown that Zin and Pylak's objection that the jumps in velocity allowed across transition intervals near nonanalytic points in time of the externally applied force produce delta functions in the radiated fields is incorrect.

This paper introduces temporal Bragg gratings as a new class of broadband, reconfigurable parametric amplifiers. We present a comprehensive investigation of power amplification in temporal Bragg gratings, spatially periodic structures with refractive index modulated near the Bragg frequency. Through systematic numerical simulations, we explore the effects of modulation location (high-index vs. low-index layers), frequency, and amplitude on gain spectra and field dynamics. Both layer types yield significant parametric amplification, with high-index modulation providing higher gain for comparable depths. Amplification is frequency-agile, with gain peaks tunable across a broad range, and exhibits strong asymmetry: the sub-Bragg regime requires substantially stronger modulation than supra-Bragg for comparable gain. In the extreme sub-Bragg limit, the system transitions from discrete sidebands to a broadband gain continuum via multi-phase-matching. These results establish a unified framework for designing reconfigurable optical amplifiers, tunable frequency converters, and broadband light sources using temporally modulated photonic crystals.

In this work, two models of metric $f(R)$ gravity in the Jordan frame are investigated as a dynamical description of the late-time cosmic expansion using binned Type Ia Supernovae data. The aim is to provide an explanation for the effective running of the Hubble constant observed in both the binned Pantheon Sample and the Master Sample. To this end, the effective running Hubble constant $\mathcal{H}(z)$ is defined as the ratio between the modified Hubble parameter and that of the $Λ$CDM, multiplied by $H_0$. $\mathcal{H}(z)$ serves as a diagnostic tool to capture deviations from the $Λ$CDM model. The first model used is a general representation of metric $f(R)$ gravity in which the gravitational Lagrangian is encoded in an effective redshift-dependent function that mimics the evolution of the Hubble parameter. This function can be approximated by a second-order Taylor expansion at low redshift due to the limited redshift range covered by the Supernovae data. While this general formulation yields a phenomenological fit compatible with that of the $Λ$CDM model for the binned Pantheon Sample, the model generically leads to the emergence of an unphysical mass of the scalar field. This issue originates from an implicit restriction imposed on the Cauchy problem for the scalar field. To address this limitation, following previous studies, an additional condition on the modified Friedmann equation is introduced, enabling a fully consistent reformulation of the dynamics. It is clarified that this additional condition has a precise dynamical origin, being necessary to restore a consistent Cauchy problem and to ensure a finite, positive scalar field mass. The resulting framework not only preserves the agreement with binned Supernova Ia data, but also provides a physical justification for the additional condition adopted in earlier analyses of late-time cosmological dynamics.

We study DC and AC thermoelectric and magneto-transport in 2D quantum critical theories with strong translational symmetry breaking due to a % varying chemical potential lattice with zero average $\barμ=0$. The combination of quantum criticality and the absence of the average natural scale implies that such systems have idiosyncratic signatures that may apply more generally when the variance in the lattice potential far exceeds the average or for strong translational symmetry breaking in general. We model such theories holographically through near-extremal AdS black holes. We find that these systems (a) become \emph{better} conductors. In a 2D lattice, this can be explained by currents flowing around obstacles; (b) exhibit bad-metal electrical transport with Drude-like thermal transport, though it is not Drude, and, notably, (c) display an approximately $B$-linear longitudinal magnetoresistance at large fields, similar to Effective Medium Theory. We comment on how these results may apply when $\barμ\neq 0$.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) enable magnetic property engineering via intercalation, but stoichiometry-structure-magnetism correlations remain poorly defined for Fe-intercalated $\mathrm{NbSe_2}$. Here, we report a systematic study of $\mathrm{Fe}_{x}\mathrm{NbSe_2}$ across an extended composition range $0.05 \le x \le 0.38$, synthesized via chemical vapor transport and verified by rigorous energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis. X-ray diffraction, magnetic, and transport measurements reveal an intrinsic correlation between Fe content, structural ordering, and magnetic ground states. With increasing $x$, the system undergoes a successive transition from paramagnetism to a spin-glass state, then to long-range antiferromagnetism (AFM), and ultimately to a reentrant spin-glass phase, with the transition temperatures exhibiting a nonmonotonic dependence on Fe content. The maximum Néel temperature ($T_{\mathrm{N}}$ = $\mathrm{175K}$) and strongest AFM coupling occur at $x=0.25$, where Fe atoms form a well-ordered $2a_0 \times 2a_0 $ superlattice within van der Waals gaps. Beyond $x = 0.25$, the superlattice transforms or disorders, weakening Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interactions and significantly reducing $T_{\mathrm{N}}$. Electrical transport exhibits distinct anomalies at magnetic transition temperatures, corroborating the magnetic state evolution. Our work extends the compositional boundary of Fe-intercalated $\mathrm{NbSe_2}$, establishes precise stoichiometry-structure-magnetism correlations, and identifies structural ordering as a key tuning parameter for AFM. These findings provide a quantitative framework for engineering altermagnetic or switchable antiferromagnetic states in van der Waals materials.

We investigate the genuinely quantum features of continuous-time quantum walks by combining a single-time and a multi-time quantifier of nonclassicality. On the one hand, we consider the quantum-classical dynamical distance $D_{\mathrm{QC}}(t)$, which measures the departure of the time-evolved quantum state of a continuous-time quantum walk from the classical state of a random walk on the same graph. On the other, we analyse the joint probability distributions associated with sequential measurements of the walker's position, assessing their violation of the classical Kolmogorov consistency conditions via a dedicated quantifier $\bar{K}(t)$. We demonstrate a quadratic short-time scaling of $\bar{K}(t)$, which differs from the known linear scaling of $D_{\mathrm{QC}}(t)$, but, as the latter, is fully determined by the degree of the initially occupied node and is independent of the global graph topology. At longer times, instead, $\bar{K}(t)$ exhibits a pronounced topology-driven behavior: it is strongly suppressed on complete graphs while remaining finite and oscillatory on cycles, in contrast with the almost topology-independent asymptotics of $D_{\mathrm{QC}}(t)$. We then extend the analysis to Markovian open-system dynamics, focusing on dephasing in the position basis (Haken-Strobl model) and in the energy basis (intrinsic decoherence). Site dephasing drives both quantifiers to zero, with the decay of $\bar{K}(t)$ controlled by the spectral gap of the corresponding Lindblad generator. By contrast, energy-basis dephasing preserves a finite asymptotic value of $\bar{K}(t)$, depending on the overlap structure of the Laplacian eigenspaces with the site basis.

Thermally driven emulsions arise in a broad range of natural and industrial contexts, yet their fundamental physical understanding remains only partially established. Emulsions exhibit a complex, concentration-dependent rheology, ranging from Newtonian (dilute emulsions) to yield-stress (concentrated emulsions). In buoyancy-driven flows, the complex structure and rheology of the emulsion are strongly coupled to convective flows, giving rise to fascinating and non-trivial phenomena involving stability, transient dynamics, and morphological evolution of the system. We review recent progress on thermally driven emulsions in the celebrated Rayleigh-Bénard configuration, offering new perspectives on the behaviour of soft materials in thermal convection.

Lyman $α$ emission is highly sensitive to dust and neutral hydrogen and is therefore expected to be strongly suppressed in dusty or gas-rich galaxies during the epoch of reionization (EoR). Nevertheless, numerous moderately dusty Ly$α$ emitters (LAEs) are observed at this epoch, suggesting that complex interstellar medium (ISM) geometries and feedback-driven outflows may facilitate Ly$α$ escape. We investigate the dust, gas, and stellar properties of the gravitationally lensed LAE HCM 6A at $z=6.5676$ to characterize its multiphase ISM and the physical conditions regulating Ly$α$ escape. We combine JWST/NIRISS slitless spectroscopy, HST+JWST/NIRCam imaging, and JWST/NIRSpec slit spectra from the CANUCS program. Using a customized BAGPIPES SED-fitting framework with a flexible attenuation law, we derive stellar, nebular, and dust properties on integrated ($\sim$kpc), slit-level ($\sim$0.1 kpc), and pixel-level ($\sim$25 pc) scales, enabled by strong lensing ($μ\approx 8.3$-$9.1$). A Ly$α$ map from SLEUTH traces the spatial distribution of Ly$α$ emission. We measure an unlensed stellar mass of $\log M_\ast = 8.3$-$8.4$ and an intrinsic UV magnitude of $M_{\rm UV} = -19.8 \pm 0.1$. The older region (S1) is moderately dusty with consistent stellar and nebular attenuation indicators, implying a uniform ISM geometry, while the youngest region (S3) shows strong discrepancies among dust tracers, indicating a feedback-shaped multiphase ISM. Ly$α$ emission arises primarily from S3, where a dust-cleared central clump enables efficient Ly$α$ escape. We find Calzetti-like attenuation curves with a UV bump that strengthens with stellar age and decreasing $A_V$. Our observations provide a uniquely detailed, spatially resolved view of a moderately dusty LAE during the EoR, demonstrating how feedback and multiphase ISM structure govern Ly$α$ escape.

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) admits a topological $\barθ$ term that violates charge-parity ($CP$) symmetry, yet experiments indicate that $\barθ$ is extremely small. To investigate this problem in a controlled setting, we derive a Hamiltonian formulation of QCD through a $(1+1)$-dimensional Schwinger-model analogue. Fermionic and gauge degrees of freedom are encoded into qubits using Jordan-Wigner and quantum-link mappings, yielding a compact Pauli Hamiltonian that preserves the essential topological vacuum structure. Ground states are prepared using a feedback-based quantum optimization protocol, providing access to the vacuum energy on few-qubit simulators. We observe vacuum minima at $\barθ=0$ and $2π$, consistent with the continuum QCD expectations within the accessible regime. Upon coupling to a dynamical axion field, the system relaxes to $θ_{\rm eff}=0$, realizing the Peccei-Quinn mechanism within a minimal quantum simulation. These results demonstrate how quantum simulation can probe $CP$ violation and its dynamical resolution in gauge theories.

Solar inertial modes are believed to play important diagnostic and dynamical roles in the Sun's differentially rotating convection zone. However, the coupling of these modes to the radiative interior has not yet been discussed. We aim to understand the dependence of the modes on the uniformly rotating sub-adiabatic region below the convection zone and determine whether this leads to measurable changes at the surface. We used the Dedalus code to compute linear eigenmodes in the inertial frequency range in a setup that includes both the convection zone and the radiative interior down to $0.5R_\odot$. We imposed free-surface boundary conditions at both radial boundaries. For comparison, we also computed the eigenmodes in a setup restricted to the convection zone. We find that including the radiative zone only slightly modifies the frequencies and surface eigenfunctions, except for some modes with significant radial motion (high-frequency retrograde and prograde columnar modes). On the other hand, most modes penetrate significantly into the overshooting layer below the convection zone. This reduces their growth rates and distorts their eigenfunctions near the base of the convection zone. Furthermore, the uniformly rotating sub-adiabatic radiative zone supports oscillations due to Rossby modes of all possible spherical harmonics and radial nodes. In particular, when the nearest inertial mode in frequency space lies within around 10 nHz and shares the same north-south symmetry, these Rossby modes evolve into mixed modes characterized by significant motions within both the radiative and convection zones. However, such mixed modes have a high mode mass in the radiative interior and thus will be difficult to excite stochastically via convection.

A group $G$ is said to satisfy the finitely generated intersection property (f.g.i.p.) if the intersection of any two finitely generated subgroups of $G$ is again finitely generated. The aim of this article is to understand when the fundamental group of a graph of groups has the f.g.i.p. Our main results are general criteria for the f.g.i.p. in graphs of groups which depend on properties of the vertex groups, properties of certain double cosets of the edge groups and the structure of the underlying graph. For acylindrical graphs of groups, we also obtain criteria for the strong f.g.i.p. (s.f.g.i.p.). Our results generalise classical results due to Burns and Cohen on the f.g.i.p. for amalgamated free products and HNN extensions. As a concrete application, we show that a graph of locally quasi-convex hyperbolic groups with virtually $\mathbb{Z}$ edge groups (for instance, a generalised Baumslag--Solitar group) has the f.g.i.p. if and only if it does not contain $F_2\times\mathbb{Z}$ as a subgroup. In addition, we show that this condition is decidable. The main tools we use are the explicit constructions of pullbacks of immersions into a graph of group, obtained by the authors in a previous paper, and a technical condition on coset interactions, introduced in this paper.

We investigate the validity of the Markovian assumption in modeling near-wall turbulence by analyzing the detachment of micron-sized particles from the viscous sublayer. By coupling direct numerical simulations with a fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, we demonstrate that while wall shear stress events follow Poissonian occurrence statistics, their internal dynamics exhibit strong temporal persistence (Hurst exponent $H \approx 0.84$), indicating non-Markovian memory. We reveal that the successful predictions of Markovian resuspension models stems from their free parameter acting as a phenomenological surrogate for flow memory. We further identify a critical regime transition governed by a wall shear stress events decay rate, $λ$. We identify a strong intermittency regime ($λ< 0.2$), where coherent structures exhibit extended temporal correlations that cannot be mimicked by white noise. Conversely, rapid decays ($λ> 0.2$) generate quasi-random fluctuations that justify the Markovian approximation. These findings offer a new perspective on the physical validity of classical stochastic modeling in wall-bounded flows.

Population displacement is a housing-related involuntary residential dislocation. It has become increasingly widespread in many cities, particularly in neighbourhoods undergoing rapid economic and demographic change, and measuring it is essential to assess the social consequences of urban transformation and housing market pressures. Despite its relevance, quantifying displacement presents difficulties due to limited replicability across cities and time periods and the need to analyse long time spans: displacement is a gradual process, impossible to capture in one data snapshot. We introduce a novel tool to overcome these difficulties. Using publicly available address change data, we construct four cubical complexes simultaneously incorporating geographical and temporal information of people moving, and analyse using Topological Data Analysis tools. Finally, we demonstrate this method through a 20-year case study in Madrid, Spain. The results reveal its ability to capture displacement and identify the neighbourhoods and years affected--patterns not observable from raw address change data.

The observational link between long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and broad-lined stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (SNe Ic-BL) is well established. Significant progress has been made in constraining what fraction of SNe Ic-BL may power high- or low-luminosity GRBs when viewed at small off-axis angles. However, the GRB-SN connection still lacks a complete understanding in the broader context of massive-star evolution and explosion physics. Models predict a continuum of outcomes for the fastest ejecta, from choked to ultra-relativistic jets, and observations from radio to X-rays are key to probing these scenarios across a range of viewing angles and velocities. Here, we present results from a coordinated radio-to-X-ray campaign targeting nearby (z<=0.1) SNe Ic-BL designed to explore this diversity. With eight new radio-monitored events and updated data for one previously observed SN, we further tighten constraints on the fraction of SNe Ic-BL as relativistic as SN 1998bw/GRB 980425. We identify SN 2024rjw as a new radio-loud event likely powered by strong interaction with circumstellar material (CSM), and add evidence supporting a similar interpretation for SN 2020jqm. We also establish new limits on the properties of radio-emitting ejecta with velocities consistent with cocoons from choked jets, highlighting SN 2022xxf as a promising cocoon-dominated candidate. These results refine our understanding of the continuum linking ordinary SNe Ic-BL, engine-driven explosions, and GRBs, and contribute to building a sample that will inform future multi-messenger searches for electromagnetic counterparts to high-energy neutrinos.

We analyze stellar population properties of 552 galaxies at redshift 0.6<z<0.77 from the LEGA-C spectroscopic survey. This first paper in a series presents the catalog of revised absorption indices for LEGA-C DR3 and inferred physical parameters, and derives benchmark scaling relations for the general massive galaxy population at intermediate redshift. We estimate light-weighted mean ages and stellar metallicities by interpreting key stellar absorption features and rizYJ photometry in a Bayesian framework with a comprehensive library of model spectra based on stochastic star formation and metallicity histories and dust attenuations. We discuss systematic uncertainties within our method and compared to other spectral fitting approaches. We derive volume-weighted scaling relations of light-weighted mean ages and stellar metallicities with stellar mass for the general galaxy population at <z>=0.7 and masses >10^10Msun. The downsizing trends observed locally were already in place 6 Gyr ago. We observe bimodal age distribution as a function of mass, transitioning around 10^11Msun. No bimodality appears in the stellar metallicity-mass relation, which changes from steep to flat across 10^10.8Msun. Similar trends emerge for age and metallicity with velocity dispersion, but with sharper transition from young to old around log(sigma)=2.3. Differences with respect to trens with stellar mass suggest that age primarily depends on velocity dispersion below and above the transition regime, while both stellar mass and velocity dispersion contribute to stellar metallicity. The catalogs of revised absorption index measurements for LEGA-C DR3 and inferred stellar population physical parameters will be released to public repositories. (Abridged)

We construct the canonical Brownian motion on the gasket of conformal loop ensembles (CLE$_κ$) for $κ\in (4,8)$ (which is the range of parameter values in which loops of the CLE$_κ$ can intersect themselves, each other, and the domain boundary). More precisely, we show that there is a unique diffusion process on the CLE$_κ$ gasket whose law depends locally on the CLE$_κ$ and satisfies certain natural properties such as translation-invariance and scale-invariance (modulo time change). We characterize the diffusion process by its resistance form and show in particular that there is a unique resistance form on the CLE$_κ$ gasket that is locally determined by the CLE$_κ$ and satisfies certain natural properties such as translation-invariance and scale-covariance. We conjecture that the CLE$_κ$ Brownian motion describes the scaling limit of simple random walk on statistical mechanics models in two dimensions that converge to CLE$_κ$. In future work the results of this paper will be used to show that this is the case with $κ=6$ for critical percolation on the triangular lattice.

Copper-graphene composite (CGC) conductors are widely considered as a potential alternative to pure copper (Cu). Yet, the effect of graphene (Gr) on the electrical conductivity of CGCs remains elusive, and their electrical performance is still controversial. This work addresses these unresolved questions by unambiguously quantifying how the electrical properties of CGCs depend on the characteristics of Gr and Cu. Gr is synthesized on Cu foils, foams, and wires by utilizing a wide range of chemical vapor deposition conditions to independently control their characteristics. Then the Gr-enhanced electrical conductivity (Δσ) is characterized for CGCs with different Cu geometries and Gr qualities. This study confirms that unprecedented electrical conductivity (Δσ = 17.1%) can be achieved only when both Gr and Cu are carefully optimized. Specifically, the study reveals three key factors: (1) Δσ is positively correlated with continuity of Gr; (2) CGCs with a continuous monolayer Gr exhibit a strong Δσ-A_s linear relation where A_s is the specific surface area of a CGC; and (3) Δσ becomes more pronounced when a Cu matrix has a curved cross-section. This work reveals the fundamental mechanisms of how Gr influences the overall electrical conductivity of CGCs and, therefore, is a crucial step toward designing and manufacturing high-performance CGC conductors for emerging applications.

After a brief review of the modified (by transition forces) causal Lorentz-Abraham (LA) classical equation of motion for an extended charged sphere and its limit to the mass-renormalized modified causal Lorentz-Abraham-Dirac (LAD) equation of motion as the radius of the charged sphere approaches zero, a concise derivation is given for the conditions on the velocity and external force required for these modified equations of motion to satisfy conservation of momentum and energy. The effects of mass renomalization on the radiated momentum-energy is clarified. The solutions to the unmodified LAD equation of motion, the causal modified LA and LAD equations of motion, and the Landau-Lifshitz approximate solution to the unmodified LAD equation of motion are obtained for a charge traveling through a parallel-plate capacitor.

We show that the Heider model with an external field is equivalent, in the limit of structural balance, to the Ising model with nearest-neighbor interactions without an external field. More precisely, we claim that the signs of the Heider relations that maintain structural equilibrium in the system can be represented as nearest neighbor Ising spin products. We demonstrate this explicitly for a complete graph and provide a general argument for an arbitrary graph. A consequence of the equivalence is that the system of balanced Heider states undergoes a phase transition, inherited from the Ising model, at a critical value of the social field at which the fluctuations of edge magnetization are maximal.

Eye-based emotion recognition enables eyewear devices to perceive users' emotional states and support emotion-aware interaction. However, deploying such functionality on their resource-limited embedded hardware remains challenging. Time-to-first-spike (TTFS)-coded spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising solution due to their extremely sparse and energy-efficient computation, where each neuron emits at most one binary spike. While prior works have primarily focused on improving TTFS SNN training algorithms, the role of network architecture has been largely overlooked. This is particularly critical, as spike timing in TTFS SNNs is tightly coupled with architectural design, and eye-based emotion recognition requires compact yet highly efficient networks. In this paper, we propose TNAS-ER, the first neural architecture search (NAS) framework tailored to TTFS SNNs for eye-based emotion recognition. TNAS-ER presents a novel ANN-assisted search strategy that leverages a ReLU-based ANN counterpart to guide architecture optimization and stabilize training of the TTFS SNN. TNAS-ER employs an evolutionary algorithm, with weighted and unweighted average recall jointly defined as fitness objectives for emotion recognition. Extensive experiments demonstrate that TNAS-ER achieves high recognition performance with significantly improved efficiency. Furthermore, we evaluate TNAS-ER on a neuromorphic hardware, confirming its superior energy efficiency and strong potential for real-world applications.

As 6G networks demand massive connectivity and stronger interference control, rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) is attractive because it superposes a common stream and user-private streams and remains effective under imperfect CSIT and heterogeneous traffic. In practical multiuser deployments, two considerations arise: the common stream decoding constraint imposed by the weakest user, and residual inter-user interference can remain non-negligible, particularly in single-input single-output (SISO) broadcast settings and under an imperfect CSIT scenario. Motivated by prior advances of RSMA research, we investigate a complementary mechanism-fluid antenna systems (FAS), with dynamic port reconfiguration supplies adaptive spatial selectivity without altering the RSMA signaling structure. Can FAS help alleviate these considerations and enhance RSMA performance? We develop a tractable correlation-aware analytical framework based on block-correlation models, including constant block correlation (CBC) and variable block correlation (VBC), to capture realistic spatial dependence among ports. Closed-form expressions are derived for outage probability (OP) and average capacity (AC), revealing how port reconfiguration strengthens the weakest effective channel and improves SINR through higher channel gains and lower relative noise impact. Monte Carlo simulations verify the analysis and show that VBC matches simulations more tightly than CBC across all port configurations. Finally, FAS-RSMA provides clear gains over conventional antenna systems and NOMA, achieving lower OP and higher AC by combining RSMA interference management with FAS spatial diversity.

We discuss variants of construction of measurable subgradients for multivariate convex functions and the problem of characterization of the $Δ_2$-condition in terms of their directional derivatives. Furthermore we study related basic properties of Luxemburg and Orlicz pseudo-norms for vector-valued functions.

The multi-messenger detection of the binary neutron star (NS) merger GW170817 has revolutionized the field of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy. However, several important questions remain to be answered. One of these is the nature of the compact remnant leftover by GW170817 (short- or long-lived NS versus black hole). A key goal going forward is to understand the diversity of NS-NS merger remnants, and how such diversity maps onto their viability as gamma-ray burst (GRB) central engines. Here, we present a study aimed at assessing the sensitivity of triggered searches for intermediate-duration, post-merger GWs powered by long-lived GRB remnants using networks of current and future ground-based GW detectors and the Cross-Correlation Algorithm (CoCoA). We develop a Python-based framework to efficiently estimate CoCoA distance horizons for a broad range of post merger secular bar-mode waveforms and for different GW detector networks. This framework can be used to identify the most promising regions of parameter space in which to concentrate search efforts, helping design future search strategies to optimally balance search sensitivity and related parameter space gridding schema against computational cost.

We develop a circular-street argument, in the style of Pollak, to obtain a new proof that there are $C_n = \frac{1}{n+1}\binom{2n}{n}$ weakly increasing parking functions of length $n \geq 1$, where $C_n$ is the $n$th Catalan number.

We carry out an independent re-analysis of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) public dataset, focusing on extensions to the standard cosmological model, $Λ$CDM. Utilizing the dataset and Effective Field Theory (EFT)-based pipeline described in Paper 1, we constrain cosmological models with massive neutrinos ($Λ$CDM+$M_ν$), spatial curvature ($oΛ$CDM), dynamical dark energy ($w_0w_a$CDM), and their combinations using the power spectrum and bispectrum of DESI galaxies and quasars. Our work also presents the first measurements of relevant non-minimal cosmological parameters from the combination of cosmic microwave background (CMB) and DESI full-shape (FS) data, which are made possible thanks to carefully chosen priors on EFT parameters. We find that the addition the FS likelihood to DESI's baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data improves the limits on the spatial curvature by a factor of two over the BAO only results, though the improvements are less significant with the CMB data. The dark energy equation of state figure-of-merit increases both with and without the supernovae data (SNe), by $\approx30\%$ and $\approx20\%$ relative to the CMB+BAO and CMB+BAO+SNe results, respectively. Our FS likelihood also yields the strongest CMB-independent constraint on the total neutrino mass $M_ν<0.32\,{\rm eV}$, with the $30\%$ improvement due to the bispectrum. In combination with the CMB, we find a $14\%$ improvement assuming the $Λ$CDM+$M_ν$ model (yielding $M_ν<0.059\,{\rm eV}$), but this increases to $22\%$ when using non-minimal backgrounds: $M_ν<0.097\,{\rm eV}$ in $oΛ$CDM+$M_ν$ and $M_ν<0.13\,{\rm eV}$ in $w_0w_a$CDM+$M_ν$. Overall, our work illustrates that robust and substantial gains in constraining power can be obtained by incorporating the FS power spectrum and bispectrum measurements in analyses of non-minimal cosmological models.

Given a tensor network state, how can we determine conserved operators (including Hamiltonians) for which the state is an eigenstate? We answer this question by presenting a method to extract geometrically $k$-local conserved operators that have the given infinite projected entangled pair state (iPEPS) in 2D as an (approximate) eigenstate. The key ingredient is the evaluation of the static structure factors of multi-site operators through differentiating the generating function. These generating functions define a manifold of the given tensor network state deformed by some parameters, endowed with a quantum geometry, where conserved operators correspond to vanishing fidelity susceptibility. Despite the approximation errors, we show that our method is still able to extract from exact or variational iPEPS to good precision both frustration-free and non-frustration-free parent Hamiltonians that are beyond the standard construction and obtain better locality. In particular, we find a 4-site-plaquette local Hamiltonian that approximately has the short-range RVB state as the ground state. Moreover, we find a Hamiltonian for which the deformed toric code state at arbitrary string tension is an excited eigenstate with the same energy, thereby potentially realizing quantum many-body scars.

We recently showed that the two-dimensional Ising spin glass allows for a line of renormalization group fixed points which explains properties observed in numerical studies. We observe that this exact result corresponds to enhancement to a one-generator continuous internal symmetry. This finally explains why no finite temperature transition to a spin glass phase is observed in two dimensions. In more than two dimensions, instead, the continuous symmetry can be broken spontaneously and yields a spin glass order parameter which, for fixed temperature and disorder strength, takes continuous values in an interval. Such a feature is shared by the order parameter of the known mean field solution of the model with infinite-range interactions, which corresponds to infinitely many dimensions.

The inner regions of planet-forming disks hold invaluable insights for our understanding of planet formation. The disk around the Herbig star HD 100453 presents one such environment, with an inner disk that is significantly misaligned with respect to the outer disk. This paper expands the existing H-band (PIONIER) and K-band (GRAVITY) interferometric studies of the HD 100453 inner disk to the L-band with the MATISSE VLTI instrument. With snapshot data spanning approximately four years we aim for a more comprehensive understanding of the inner disk structures and their potential time evolution. Based on the MATISSE data obtained, we use a combination of analytical models and image reconstruction to constrain the disk structure. Additionally, we fit a temperature gradient model to the selected wavelength range of PIONIER, GRAVITY and MATISSE to derive physical properties of the inner regions. Our parametric model finds an inclination of $\sim 47.5^\circ$ and a position angle of $\sim 83.6^\circ$, which corroborates the case of strong inner-outer disk misalignment. From the symmetric temperature gradient we derive an inner disk radius around $\sim0.27$ au, with dust surface densities of $Σ_{\rm{subl}} \approx 10^{-3.2}$ g/cm$^2$ and vertical optical depth $τ_{\rm{z, subl}} \approx 0.1-0.06$. Same-night MATISSE and GRAVITY observations indicate the necessity for higher-order asymmetries to explain the interferometric signals, which is further supported by a MATISSE snapshot image reconstruction. The chromatic interferometric data reveal the likely need for higher-order asymmetries to explain the inner disk of HD~100453, suggesting a possible origin in dynamic interactions or disk instabilities. Coordinated multi-wavelength infrared interferometric observations with GRAVITY and MATISSE will be crucial to confirm these findings and uncover its underlying nature.

In the present paper, local derivations and local automorphisms of five-dimensional naturally graded nilpotent associative algebras are studied. Namely, a general form of the matrices of local derivations and local automorphisms of algebras $π_2$ and $π_3$ is clarified. It turns out that the general form of the matrix of an automorphism (derivation) on these algebras does not coincide with the local automorphism's (resp. local derivation's) matrix's general form on these algebras. Therefore, these associative algebras have local automorphisms (resp. local derivations) that are not automorphisms (resp. derivations). We also establish a relationship between local automorphisms and local derivations via an exponential expression. We prove that the sets of local derivations of algebras $π_2$ and $π_3$ form Lie algebras with respect to the Lie brackets. Thus, we show that the Lie algebra problem from the Ayupov-Eldique-Kudaybergenov problems for local derivations of the algebras under consideration has a positive solution. The remaining problems from the Ayupov-Eldique-Kudaybergenov problems also have a positive solution for algebras $π_2$ and $π_3$.