Femtoscopic interferometry is a powerful tool for probing the spatio-temporal evolution of emission sources in heavy-ion collisions. A major challenge in the field is formulating a self-consistent description of the source function, final-state interactions between the particle pair, and interactions inherent to the source itself. To address this, we have developed a novel Monte Carlo model for calculating two-particle correlation functions in a classical trajectory approximation (CTA-I). The model incorporates self-consistently the emission source of thermal equilibrium and three-body final state interactions. Application of the model shows satisfactory fit to experimental data, revealing that the correlation function is highly sensitive to the source's spatio-temporal extent. In contrast, the temperature parameter governing the emitted particles' energy spectra has a negligible influence. Our approach offers the potential to extract the spatio-temporal information from the emission source, thereby advancing the applicability of femtoscopic interferometry in the Fermi energy domain.

Ferrimagnetic Fe/Gd multilayers host maze-like stripe domains that transform into a disordered bubble/skyrmion lattice under out-of-plane magnetic fields at ambient temperature. Femtosecond magneto-optics distinguishes these textures via their distinct coherent breathing dynamics. Crucially, applying a brief in-plane ``set'' magnetic field to the stripe state enhances both frequency and amplitude of the bubble/skyrmion lattice breathing mode. Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, and micromagnetic simulations reveal that this enhancement arises from field-aligned stripes nucleating a dense, near-hexagonal bubble/skyrmion lattice upon out-of-plane field application, with strong indications for a pure skyrmion lattice. Thus, modifying the initial domain configuration by in-plane fields enables precise control of coherent magnetization dynamics on picosecond to nanosecond timescales and potentially even of topology.

We consider Connected Unlabeled Multi-Agent Pathfinding (CUMAPF), a variant of MAPF where interchangeable agents must be connected at all times. This problem is fundamental to swarm robotics applications such as self-reconfiguration and marching, where standard MAPF is insufficient as it does not guarantee the connectivity constraint. Despite its simple structure, CUMAPF remains understudied and lacks practical algorithms. We first develop an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) reduction to solve CUMAPF. Although this formulation provides a makespan-optimal plan, it is severely limited in terms of scalability and real-time responsiveness due to the large number of variables. We therefore propose a suboptimal but complete algorithm named PULL. It is based on a rule-based one-step function that computes a subsequent configuration that preserves connectivity and advances towards the target configuration. PULL is lightweight, and runs in $O(n^2)$ time per step in a 2D grid, where $n$ is the number of agents. Empirically, PULL can quickly solve randomly generated instances containing hundreds of agents, which ILP cannot handle. Furthermore, PULL's solution substantially improves upon a naive approach to CUMAPF.

We present electrical-resistivity measurements on the prototypical heavy-fermion ferromagnet UGe$_2$ under pulsed magnetic field up to 60~T. An anisotropic field-induced suppression of the electronic correlations is revealed. The electrical resistivity strongly decreases when a magnetic field $\mathbf{H}$ is applied along the easy magnetic axis $\mathbf{a}$, while it remains almost unchanged when $\mathbf{H}$ is applied along the hard magnetic axes $\mathbf{b}$ and $\mathbf{c}$. The field-induced destabilization of the ferromagnetic state is also anisotropic: the anomaly at the Curie temperature $T_C$ disappears in fields higher than $\gtrsim1$~T for $\mathbf{H}\parallel\mathbf{a}$ and in fields higher than $\gtrsim20$~T for $\mathbf{H}\parallel\mathbf{b},\mathbf{c}$. At temperatures below 2~K, we observe quantum oscillations in fields larger than 50~T applied along $\mathbf{b}$, which support the presence of a two-dimensional Fermi surface similar to that previously observed at low fields.

Let $\mathcal{D}=\{D_0,\ldots,D_{n-1}\}$ be a set of $n$ topological disks in the plane and let $\mathcal{A} := \mathcal{A}(\mathcal{D})$ be the arrangement induced by $\mathcal{D}$. For two disks $D_i,D_j\in\mathcal{D}$, let $Δ_{ij}$ be the number of connected components of $D_i\cap D_j$, and let $Δ:= \max_{i,j} Δ_{ij}$. We show that the diameter of $\mathcal{G}^*$, the dual graph of $\mathcal{A}$, can be bounded as a function of $n$ and $Δ$. Thus, any two points in the plane can be connected by a Jordan curve that crosses the disk boundaries a number of times bounded by a function of $n$ and $Δ$. In particular, for the case of two disks, we prove that the diameter of $\mathcal{G}^*$ is at most $\max\{2,2Δ\}$ and this bound is tight. For the general case of $n>2$ disks, we show that the diameter of $\mathcal{G}^*$ is $O(n^3 2^n Δ)$. We achieve this by proving that the number of maximal faces in $\mathcal{A}$ -- faces whose ply is more than the ply of their neighboring faces -- is $O(n^2 2^n Δ)$. To this end, we first show that the number of maximum faces -- faces whose ply is $n$ -- is $O(n^2Δ)$; the latter bound, which is of independent interest, is tight in the worst case.

A fundamental issue in the renormalization-group (RG) theory of critical phenomena concerns the allowed values of critical exponents that are consistent with the continuous nature of a phase transition. Here we conjecture a lower bound for the length-scale exponent $ν$, which should hold for the large class of continuous transitions associated with $d$-dimensional Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson (LGW) $Φ^4$ theories with a multicomponent scalar field $φ$ and a unique $φ\cdot φ$ quadratic term (including some extensions with fermionic and gauge fields), describing many universality classes of critical phenomena. If $Δ_φ=(d-2+η)/2$ is the dimension of the order-parameter field $φ$, and $Δ_\varepsilon=d-1/ν$ is the RG dimension of the energy operator $\varepsilon$, which can be identified with $[φ\cdot φ]$ (the squared field with a proper subtraction of the mixing with the identity), we conjecture the inequality $Δ_\varepsilon \ge 2 Δ_φ$, which implies $ν\ge (2-η)^{-1}$ and $γ= (2-η)ν\ge 1$. These inequalities are supported by general arguments for ferromagnetic lattice models, by $ε$-expansion results for generic LGW $Φ^4$ theories close to four dimensions, exact relations for two-dimensional minimal conformal field theories, and are consistent with all further known (numerical, perturbative, and exact) results for LGW $Φ^4$ theories. In particular, since unitarity requires $η\ge 0$, the above inequality implies $ν\ge 1/2$ for unitary theories. This lower bound is more restrictive than $ν> 1/d$, derived by noting that $ν=1/d$ characterizes the singular finite-size behavior at first-order transitions.

We employ the island rule to investigate the radiation entropy of asymptotically AdS black holes in the framework of f(Q) gravity. Through an analysis based on the Euclidean action, we find that the area term of the generalized entropy must be modified, which in turn leads to a modification of the island rule itself. Using the corrected rule to compute the radiation entropy for the eternal asymptotically AdS black hole reveals that, the result diverges as the cutoff surface is moved outward, indicating the breakdown of the s-wave approximation. For a collapsing asymptotically AdS black hole, the radiation entropy is dominated by the area term, with a logarithmic correction proportional to the area, which is consistent with the predictions of quantum gravity theories. Furthermore, both the radiation entropy and the Page time are ultimately influenced by the choice of the f(Q) model, implying that information regarding the underlying gravitational model is encoded in the final radiation entropy.

We formalize a generalized type-II fusion operation for qudit cluster states within linear optics. Two designated qudits, one from each input cluster, interfere with optional ancilla qudits via a passive linear-optical network, followed by number-resolving detection; conditioned on measurement outcome, the remaining qudits form the post-selected fused state. We prove a general rank bound: for any such interferometer and outcome, the reduced density matrix across the two parent clusters has Schmidt rank at most $M$, the total number of measured qudits including ancillae. Consequently, a correct qudit fusion which requires rank $d$ is impossible without ancillae and requires at least $d-2$ ancilla qudits. Our analysis extends previous no-go results for Bell-type qubit fusion to the qudit setting and to generalized, non-Bell projections. We analyze the probabilities and entanglement of the relevant measurement outcomes, and discuss how our lower bound aligns with existing constructive schemes. These results set a clear resource threshold for high-dimensional, fusion-based photonic MBQC.

A very simple first-order algorithm is proposed for solving nonlinear optimization problems with deterministic nonlinear equality constraints. This algorithm adaptively selects steps in the plane tangent to the constraints or steps that reduce infeasibility, without using a merit function or filter. The tangent steps are based on the AdaGrad method for unconstrained minimization. The objective function is never evaluated by the algorithm, making it suitable for noisy problems. Its worst-case evaluation complexity is analyzed, yielding a global convergence rate in O(1/sqrt{k}), which matches the best known rate of first-order methods for unconstrained problems. Numerical experiments are presented suggesting that the performance of the algorithm is comparable to that of first-order methods for unconstrained problems, and that its reliability is remarkably stable in the presence of noise on the gradient.

The generation of unidirectional motion has been a long-standing challenge in engineering of molecular motors. Here, a mechanism driving the rotation is presented based on electron current through helical orbitals on a $π$-bonded carbon chain. Such electron current through helical orbitals has been shown to be circulating around the carbon chain. It is natural to expect that the associated electronic angular momentum drives a rotation when the current is turned on. As intuitive as this relation might seem, it is also incomplete because a formal definition of helicality in terms of a physical observable has not yet been given. Such a definition is proposed here. Based on this definition, we show how helicality determines the motor's sense of rotation. We exemplify the relation between helicality and angular momentum in Hückel models of linear carbon chains (cumulenes and oligoynes). We attribute the previously reported opposite helicality sense of frontier orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) to the approximate sub-lattice symmetry. For oligoynes, this symmetry is hidden in the sense that it does not reduce to a mere labeling of atoms. Sub-lattice symmetry, combined with time-reversal invariance, allows us to derive Onsager-type reciprocal relations of various linear response coefficients, dictating e.g. an odd energy dependence of angular momentum response to voltage bias. We propose an observable consequence of the approximate sub-lattice symmetry: If the carbon chain is employed as an axle of a molecular rotor, the sense of rotation is independent on the direction of the current.

In this work we present two new families of multirate time step adaptivity controllers, that are designed to work with embedded multirate infinitesimal (MRI) time integration methods for adapting time steps when solving problems with multiple time scales. We compare these controllers against competing approaches on two benchmark problems, showing that the proposed methods offer dramatically improved performance and flexibility. The combination of embedded MRI methods and the proposed controllers enable adaptive simulations of problems with a potentially arbitrary number of time scales, achieving high accuracy while maintaining low computational cost. Additionally, we introduce a new set of embeddings for the family of explicit multirate exponential Runge--Kutta (MERK) methods of orders 2 through 5, resulting in the first-ever fifth-order embedded MRI method. Finally, we compare the performance of a wide range of embedded MRI methods on our benchmark problems to provide guidance on how to select an appropriate MRI method and multirate controller.

We formulate a stochastic generalisation of the Schwinger effect, extending pair production to statistically fluctuating gauge-field backgrounds. Our approach captures realistic field configurations that are transient, inhomogeneous, and stochastic, as commonly encountered in cosmological and high-energy astrophysical settings. Using the effective action formalism, we compute the vacuum decay rate and number density of charged particles, obtaining closed-form analytical expressions for both scalar and fermionic cases. To isolate the essential physics, the analysis is performed in flat spacetime and at zero temperature, providing a controlled setting in which curvature and thermal effects can be neglected. As a proof of concept, we present representative phenomenological examples relevant to astrophysical plasmas and early-Universe-motivated scenarios.

The acceleration and unbinding of the common envelope during the plunge-in phase are governed by complex physical processes that often manifest observationally as luminous red novae. We investigate the dynamics of this phase using one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulations evolved with the code {\tt Guangqi}. We perform a parameter survey to quantify the impact of key physical conditions on the unbound mass fraction, $η$, and the resulting light curves. Our survey spans a range of radiation-to-gas internal energy ratios ($\mathcal{E}/e_{\text{g}}\in[0.2,3.2]$), ratios of total envelope energy to gravitational binding energy ($ζ\in[0.54,2.87]$), and mass injection rates ($\dot{M}\in[2.5,10]M_{\odot}/\rm{yr}$), while covering both subsonic and supersonic expansion regimes ($v_{\rm ej}/v_{\rm esc}\in[0.3,0.6]$). We demonstrate that: (1) radiation pressure becomes the dominant driver of mass ejection in the high-opacity, high-luminosity region immediately below the recombination front; (2) $η$ exhibits a nonlinear dependence on $ζ$, which is modulated by the mass injection rate and gravitational potential; and (3) the recombination of atomic to molecular hydrogen ($\ce{H}\to\ce{H2}$) releases latent heat that sustains a secondary plateau in the late-time light curve. These findings are substantiated by detailed error analysis and convergence testing presented in the Appendices.

Deep learning-based neural receivers offer promising physical-layer solutions for next-generation wireless systems. We propose an axial self-attention transformer neural receiver that achieves state-of-the-art Block Error Rate (BLER) performance with significantly improved computational efficiency during inference and large-scale training. By factorizing attention operations along temporal and spectral axes, the proposed architecture reduces computational complexity from $O((TF)^2)$ to $O(T^2F+TF^2)$, yielding substantially fewer floating-point operations and attention matrix multiplications per transformer block. Experimental validation under 3GPP Clustered Delay Line (CDL) channels demonstrates consistent performance gains across varying mobility scenarios. Under non-line-of-sight conditions, our proposed axial neural receiver outperforms global self-attention and convolutional neural receiver baselines at 10% BLER and 1% BLER respectively, with reduced computational complexity.

Flat histogram methods, such as Wang--Landau sampling, provide a means for high-throughput calculation of phase diagrams of atomistic/lattice model systems. Many parallelisation schemes with varying degrees of complexity have been proposed to accelerate such sampling simulations. In this study, several widely used schemes are benchmarked -- both in isolation and in combination -- to establish best practice. The schemes studied include energy domain decomposition with both static sizing of energy sub-domains, as well as a dynamic sub-domain sizing scheme which we propose. We also assess the benefits both of replica exchange and of including multiple random walkers per sub-domain, to determine which factors have the largest impact on parallel efficiency. Additionally, the influence of energy sub-domain overlap regions is discussed. As illustrative test cases, we implement and apply the aforementioned strategies to a lattice-based model describing the internal energy of a substitutional alloy, studying the AlTiCrMo refractory high-entropy superalloy as well as the binary CuZn system, both of which crystallographically order into a B2 (CsCl) structure with decreasing temperature. We find that -- while all of the proposed strategies confer a non-negligible speedup -- parallelisation across energy domains which are non-uniform in size offers the most appreciable performance improvements. This work offers concrete recommendations for which parallelisation strategies should be prioritised to optimally accelerate flat-histogram Monte Carlo simulations.

The correlations between the positions and shapes of galaxies, i.e. intrinsic alignments, have been measured in many observational studies and hydrodynamical simulations. The position-shape correlation measurements of disk galaxies with varying methodologies, samples and hydrodynamical simulations are inconsistent in amplitude and sign. This work compares the correlations of disk and elliptical shapes around all galaxy positions and disk shapes around the positions of ellipticals at $z=0$ and $z=1$ for two different shape definitions in TNG300, Horizon-AGN and EAGLE for multiple morphological definitions in a consistent way. All types of signals are positive and robust in TNG300 and EAGLE and positive or null in Horizon-AGN. The exception to this is the negative correlation of disks around ellipticals in Horizon-AGN. This arises for reduced shapes, which down-weight the outskirts of galaxies, at $z=1$, when disks are identified via a threshold in $|v/σ|$, the rotational velocity over the velocity dispersion. A re-weighting of the ellipticals around all galaxies signals in TNG300, according to the underlying stellar mass distributions of the samples, highlights the importance of the influence of (sub-grid) physics at these non-linear scales.

A recent paper by Jordan et al. introduced Decoded Quantum Interferometry (DQI), a novel quantum algorithm that uses the quantum Fourier transform to reduce linear optimization problems -- max-XORSAT and max-LINSAT -- to decoding problems. In this paper, we extend DQI to optimization problems involving quadratic constraints, which we call max-QUADSAT. Leveraging a connection to quadratic Gauss sums, we give an efficient algorithm to prepare the DQI state for max-QUADSAT (DISCLAIMER: A mistake was found in one of the algorithm's steps, which invalidates this result unless a fix is found). To demonstrate that our algorithm achieves a quantum advantage, we introduce the Quadratic Optimal Polynomial Intersection (quadratic-OPI) problem, a restricted variant of OPI for which, to our knowledge, the standard DQI framework offers no algorithmic speedup. We show that quadratic-OPI is an instance of max-QUADSAT and use our algorithm to optimize it. Lastly, we present a new generalized proof of the "semicircle law" for the fraction of satisfied constraints, generalizing it to any DQI state of problems where the distribution of the number of satisfied constraints for a random assignment is sufficiently close to a binomial distribution. This condition holds exactly for the DQI state of max-LINSAT, and approximately holds in the max-QUADSAT case, with the approximation becoming exponentially better as the problem size increases. This establishes performance guarantees for our algorithm.

Uncertainty of the theoretical prediction for the hyperfine splitting in the ground state of muonium is considered. It is compared with the respective discussion in the two most recent CODATA adjustments of the fundamental physical constants.

We establish Morawetz-type estimates for solutions to the elastic wave equation with singular weights of the form $|x|^{-α}$ or $|(x,t)|^{-α}$. In particular, we show that space-time weights $|(x,t)|^{-α}$ admit stronger singularities and require weaker regularity assumptions on the initial data compared to purely spatial weights $|x|^{-α}$.

The Benenti-Francaviglia (BF) family of metrics provides the most general form of a spacetime metric that admits two mutually commuting Killing vectors and an irreducible Killing tensor. The geodesic equations for the BF family are thus completely integrable by separation of variables. Within this broad class, we explore the Kerr-Schild transformation of a degenerate subclass distinguished by the existence of a shear-free null geodesic congruence. By requiring the deformed metric to preserve the Killing symmetry and circularity, we demonstrate that the deformed metric again falls into the degenerate BF family, modulo the replacement of a single structure function. We apply the present algorithm to ${\cal N}=2$ gauged supergravity and obtain a dyonic generalization of the Chong-Cvetič-Lü-Pope rotating black hole solution, by taking the background metric to be a solution of the Einstein-scalar gravity. The present prescription extends to five dimensions, provided that the constant of geodesic motion associated with the extra Killing direction vanishes. The same reasoning applies to the case where the background degenerate BF metric is distorted in a (non)conformal manner. Our formalism offers a unified perspective on the relation between seed and deformed metrics in the Kerr-Schild construction.

Interfacing light with quantum systems is an integral part of quantum technology, with the most essential building block being single-photon emitters. Although various platforms exist, each with its individual strengths, molecular emitters boast a unique advantage -- namely the flexibility to tailor their design to fit the requirements of a specific task. However, the characteristics of the vast space of possible molecular configurations are challenging to understand and explore. Here, we present a theoretical and computational framework to initiate exploration of this vast potential by integrating database analysis with microscopic predictions. Using a model system of dibenzoterrylene in an anthracene host as benchmark, our approach identifies promising new candidates, among them a chiral molecular emitter. Future extensions of our approach integrated with machine learning routines hold the promise of ultimately unlocking the full potential of molecular quantum light-matter interfaces.

There are various notions of quantum pseudorandomness, such as pseudorandom unitaries (PRUs), pseudorandom state generators (PRSGs) and pseudorandom function-like state generators (PRFSGs). Unlike classical pseudorandomness, where different notions are known to be existentially equivalent, the relations between quantum pseudorandomness notions have yet to be fully established. We present evidence suggesting that some forms of quantum pseudorandomness are unlikely to be constructed from others, indicating that quantum pseudorandomness behaves quite differently from its classical counterpart. Our main result is a unitary oracle separation where log-length output PRFSGs exist but quantum-computable pseudorandom generators (QPRGs) with negligible correctness error do not. This suggests that the inverse-polynomial error in state-of-the-art constructions of QPRGs from log-length PRSGs is inherent. To achieve this, we prove a novel geometric barrier theorem for the product Haar measure on quantum states, replacing usual concentration inequalities by certifying a non-negligible gap between two large trace-separated sets. As further evidence that quantum pseudorandomness does not collapse to a single assumption, we obtain separations showing limitations of: (i) deriving ancilla-free PRUs from PRFSGs, and (ii) a natural way of constructing super-log-length PRSGs from log-length PRFSGs. These results highlight technical difficulties when dealing with ancillary registers, measurements, and adaptivity in the quantum setting. We also show an intriguing gentle behavior of intermediate measurements in algorithms producing high-purity outcome states, which may be of independent interest. All our results are based on (variants of) oracles outputting Haar random quantum states per bit string - a quantum analogue of the random oracle model.

The recently-discovered family of Kagome metals has attracted significant interest due to reports of charge-bond order, orbital magnetism, and superconductivity. Some of these phases may exhibit time-reversal symmetry breaking. More recently, experiments have reported the emergence of nematic order that lowers the rotational symmetry of the system from sixfold to twofold. Here we investigate the mechanism behind a nematic loop-current bond order (NLCBO) that breaks both rotational and time-reversal symmetries. Examining an effective patch model that captures one $p$-type and one $m$-type van Hove singularity at each $M$ point, we find that frustration of the complex order-parameter phases leads to NLCBO. We further present conditions for overcoming other competing phases, including isotropic charge-bond and loop-current orders. Applying our findings to a previously studied model for $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{V}_3\mathrm{Sb}_5$ $(\mathrm{A}=\mathrm{K,Rb,Cs})$, we find that NLCBO emerges within a small region of phase space within mean-field theory. Our theory provides a microscopic description that goes beyond symmetry-allowed free-energy analyses and is broadly applicable to other Kagome metals featuring van Hove singularities near the Fermi level.

In order for an inflationary universe to evolve into a hot universe, a process known as reheating is required. However, the precise mechanism of reheating remains unknown. We show that if the reheating is triggered by thermal dissipation effects, distinctive features appear in the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves. This suggests a possible way to observationally probe the physics of reheating.

BCH codes are important error correction codes, widely utilized due to their robust algebraic structure, multi-error correcting capability, and efficient decoding algorithms. Despite their practical importance and extensive study, their parameters, including dimension, minimum distance and Bose distance, remain largely unknown in general. This paper addresses this challenge by investigating the dimension and Bose distance of BCH codes of length $(q^m - 1)/λ$ over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$, where $λ$ is a positive divisor of $q - 1$. Specifically, for narrow-sense BCH codes of this length with $m \geq 4$, we derive explicit formulas for their dimension for designed distance $2 \leq δ\leq (q^{\lfloor (2m - 1)/3 \rfloor + 1} - 1)/λ + 1$. We also provide explicit formulas for their Bose distance in the range $2 \leq δ\leq (q^{\lfloor (2m - 1)/3 \rfloor + 1} - 1)/λ$. These ranges for $δ$ are notably larger than the previously known results for this class of BCH codes. Furthermore, we extend these findings to determine the dimension and Bose distance for certain non-narrow-sense BCH codes of the same length. Several optimal linear codes can be obtained from these BCH codes.

We consider an inverse spectral problem for radial Schrödinger operators with singular potentials. First, we show that the knowledge of the Dirichlet spectra for infinitely many angular momenta~$\ell$ satisfying a Müntz-type condition uniquely determines the potential. Next, in a neighborhood of the zero potential, we prove local uniqueness from two Dirichlet spectra associated with distinct angular momenta in the cases \((\ell_1,\ell_2) = (0,1)\,, \ (1,2)\) and \((0,3)\)\,. Our approach relies on an explicit analysis of the associated singular differential equation, combined with the classical Kneser--Sommerfeld formula. These results sharpen a theorem of Carlson-Shubin~(1994) and confirm, in the linearized setting and for these configurations, a conjecture originally formulated by Rundell and Sacks~(2001).

The supermoiré lattice, arising from the interference of multiple moiré patterns, dramatically reshapes the electronic band structure by introducing new minibands and modifying band dispersion. Concurrently, strong electronic interactions within moiré flat bands lead to the emergence of various correlated states. However, the impact of the supermoiré lattice on the flat band systems with strong interactions remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the existence of the supermoiré lattice in the mirror-symmetry-broken twisted trilayer graphene, elucidating its role in generating mini-flat bands and mini-Dirac bands. Furthermore, we demonstrate interaction-induced symmetry-broken phases in the supermoiré mini-flat bands alongside the cascade of superconductor-insulator transitions enabled by the supermoiré lattice. Our work shows that robust superconductivity can exist in the mirror-symmetry-broken TTG and underscores the significance of the supermoiré lattice as an additional degree of freedom for tuning the electronic properties in twisted multilayer systems, sheds light on the correlated quantum phases such as superconductivity in the original moiré flat bands, and highlights the potential of using the supermoiré lattice to design and simulate novel quantum phases.

Cosmogenic muon-induced radioactive isotopes pose a significant background source for deep-underground low-background experiments. Although rock overburdens at underground sites substantially attenuate the cosmogenic muon flux, residual muon-induced backgrounds still require active suppression. For future multi-kiloton liquid scintillator (LS) detectors, such as the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), shower muons contribute to more than 88\% of all muon-induced isotopes. Consequently, precise reconstruction of shower vertices is essential for implementing localized spatial vetoes. We propose a novel waveform-based method to reconstruct the shower vertex, defined as the energy-deposition centroid. By subtracting the track contributions from non-shower muons in the recorded waveforms, the isolated shower component is extracted. Subsequently, combined with a photon propagation model and an iterative optimization algorithm, the shower vertex positions are reconstructed. Simulations show that for 68\% of events, the single shower vertex resolution is better than 0.16~m, 0.15~m, and 0.26~m along X, Y, and Z respectively. Furthermore, the reconstruction efficiency exceeds 96\% when requiring the distance between the reconstructed and true vertices to be less than 3.0 m. This method provides a critical technical foundation for muon-induced background suppression in JUNO and other large-scale LS detectors.

Numerical relativity has brought about profound and wide-ranging influences on modern astrophysics and gravitational-wave astronomy. In this study, we present a user-friendly Python interface for the numerical relativity code AMSS-NCKU. This interface facilitates the automation of initializing and executing the AMSS-NCKU simulations, as well as the automatic visualization of the output data. The Python interface can significantly reduce the operational complexity of the AMSS-NCKU simulation workflow, lowering the technical barriers for new users. To show the utility of this Python interface, we present two representative examples of numerical relativity simulations (the binary black hole and triple black hole merger processes), obtaining stable numerical results and the expected physical behaviors for black hole systems. Keywords: Numerical Relativity, Gravitational Waves, Black Holes, Python

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) doubles dementia risk. This study investigates how self-perceived cognitive worsening manifests in neural dynamics during naturalistic speech perception. EEG was collected from 60 cognitively normal older adults while they listened to speech varied in prosodic contexts, categorized by expressive styles (scrambled, descriptive, dialogue, exciting). Encoding models mapping three speech representations -- acoustic, subsyllabic segmentation and phonotactic features -- to the ongoing EEG signals were built. Cortical tracking strength (CTS) showed that models fitted with linguistic features outperformed acoustic ones. Crucially, a greater degree of SCD was associated with weaker CTS of (1) higher-level linguistic but not acoustic features, and (2) prosodically flat speech (scrambled and descriptive). Thus, the CTS of higher-level linguistic features while listening to prosodically flat speech may serve as a potential biomarker for early-stage cognitive decline.