In this article, the small ball probability is obtained for the collision local time of two independent symmetric $α-$stable processes with parameters $α_1,α_2\in(0,2]$ satisfying $\max\{α_1,α_2\}>1$. The proof is based on obtaining the asymptotic behavior of moment generating function by contour integration.

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS)/vector OFDM (VOFDM) is widely regarded as a promising waveform for next-generation mobile communications. However, its spectral characteristics are not yet fully understood. The bandwidth allocation scheme, which is crucial for OTFS's integration into practical wireless standards, also remains unexplored. In this paper, we investigate the spectral characteristics of OTFS signals by analyzing their power spectral density (PSD). We demonstrate that the PSD of discrete-time OTFS signals is periodic with a period of $\frac{1}{MT_s}$, where $M$ is the size of the time/Doppler domain in OTFS, a.k.a., the vector size in VOFDM, and $T_s$ is the sampling interval length of digital to analog converter (DAC), resulting in $M$ identical spectral components within the spectral range $[-\frac{1}{2T_s}, \frac{1}{2T_s})$ of the continuous-time OTFS signal. The periodicity makes bandwidth allocation for OTFS/VOFDM signaling substantially challenging. Furthermore, we establish a relationship between the PSD of OFDM signals and that of OTFS signals, revealing that, when the information symbols are independent, the PSD of OTFS signals is equal to the sum of the PSDs of the component-expanded OFDM (CEP-OFDM) signals. Lastly, we derive a relationship between the information symbols and the corresponding OTFS spectrum, and based on which, we propose a null-space-based linear precoding (NSLP) method for OTFS signals to enable flexible bandwidth allocation. Numerical results validate our analytical results regarding the PSD of OTFS signals and show the effectiveness of our proposed NSLP method in tailoring the spectrum of OTFS signals.

Locally decodable codes (LDCs) are error correction codes that allow recovery of any single message symbol by probing only a small number of positions from the (possibly corrupted) codeword. Relaxed locally decodable codes (RLDCs) further allow the decoder to output a special failure symbol $\bot$ on a corrupted codeword. While known constructions of RLDCs achieve much better parameters than standard LDCs, it is intriguing to understand the relationship between LDCs and RLDCs. Separation results (i.e., the existence of $q$-query RLDCs that are not $q$-query LDCs) are known for $q=3$ (Gur, Minzer, Weissenberg, and Zheng, arXiv:2512.12960, 2025) and $q \geq 15$ (Grigorescu, Kumar, Manohar, and Mon, arXiv:2511.02633, 2025), while any $2$-query RLDC also gives a $2$-query LDC (Block, Blocki, Cheng, Grigorescu, Li, Zheng, and Zhu, CCC 2023). In this work, we generalize and strengthen the main result in Grigorescu, Kumar, Manohar, and Mon (arXiv:2511.02633, 2025), by removing the requirement of linear codes. Specifically, we show that any $q$-query RLDC with soundness error below some threshold $s(q)$ also yields a $q$-query LDC with comparable parameters. This holds even if the RLDC has imperfect completeness but with a non-adaptive decoder. Our results also extend to the setting of locally correctable codes (LCCs) and relaxed locally correctable codes (RLCCs). Using our results, we further derive improved lower bounds for arbitrary RLDCs and RLCCs, as well as probabilistically checkable proofs of proximity (PCPPs).

We give an upper bound for the number of compact essential orientable non-isotopic surfaces, with Euler characteristic at least some constant $χ$, properly embedded in a finite-volume hyperbolic 3-manifold $M$, closed or cusped. This bound is a polynomial function of the volume of $M$, with degree that depends linearly on $|χ|$.

Domain wall (DW) motion is a crucial process involved in magnetization reversal, be it under magnetic field or spin-polarized current stimulus. In most cases DW speed does not exceed $\approx$100m/s and collapses above a given threshold of the stimulus, an effect known as Walker breakdown. A few specific material properties have been identified to delay the breakdown of speed by increasing the energy barrier preventing internal precession. We show that in a 3D nanomagnetic system, here with vortex-state domains, the topology of the magnetization distribution may intrinsically and robustly delay the Walker breakdown due to an exchange-spring effect. In addition, curvature induces a major non-reciprocal effect, delaying or not the Walker breakdown depending on the chirality of the azimuthal domain versus the direction of motion of the DW.

Focusing on the assessment of benthic algae blooms that decay subexponentially, we propose a tractable (solvable in a closed form) and well-defined (that does not diverge) environmental index for the impact assessment of long-memory processes under model uncertainties. Our target system generates long memory through an infinite superposition of multiscale processes. The sensitivity of the environmental index can be controlled by the degree of model uncertainty in terms of the relative entropy and nonexponential discount; hence, we apply a long-memory discount to evaluate long-memory processes. In our framework, the evaluation of the environmental index is reduced to finding a proper solution to an infinite-dimensional extended Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman system. We can solve this system under sufficient conditions for the unique existence of sufficiently regular solutions, and numerically handle them by using a quantization technique. Finally, we present a demonstrative application of the proposed framework to benthic algae population dynamics in river environments based on a laboratorial experiment. This paper offers a tractable framework towards the assessment of persistent environmental phenomena.

Malware attacks in today's vast digital ecosystem pose a serious threat. Understanding malware propagation dynamics and designing effective control strategies are therefore essential. In this work, we propose a generic SEIRV model formulated using ordinary differential equations to study malware spread. We establish the positivity and boundedness of the system, derive the malware propagation threshold, and analyze the local and global stability of the malware-free equilibrium. The separatrix defining epidemic regions in the control space is identified, and the existence of a forward bifurcation is demonstrated. Using normalized forward sensitivity indices, we determine the parameters most influential to the propagation threshold. We further examine the nonlinear dependence of key epidemic characteristics on the transmission rate, including the maximum number of infected, time to peak infection, and total number of infected. We propose a hybrid gradient-based global optimization framework using simulated annealing approach to identify effective and cost-efficient control strategies. Finally, we calibrate the proposed model using infection data from the "Windows Malware Dataset with PE API Calls" and investigated the effect of intervention onset time on averted cases, revealing an exponential decay relationship between delayed intervention and averted cases.

Hydrogen (H) content modifies the creep response of Fe-based alloys by altering thermodynamics of point-defects; here we identify the electronic-structure mechanism underlying this effect. Using spin-polarized first-principles calculations combined with a cluster dynamics formulation, we establish a general framework linking H-assisted vacancy stabilization to diffusion-mediated creep in BCC Fe, FCC Fe, and chemically complex FCC Fe-Cr-Ni alloys. H-vacancy binding analysis shows that H-stabilized vacancies form at low hydrogen content in BCC Fe but require much higher chemical potentials in FCC Fe and Fe-Cr-Ni alloys due to broader d-bands, electronic screening, and chemical disorder. Consequently, plastic deformation mediated by diffusive processes is expected to be far more strongly impacted in BCC Fe than in FCC alloys. These electronic-controlled trends determine steady-state vacancy populations and provide a symmetry-resolved microscopic basis for H-assisted creep in ferritic and austenitic steels.

Coherent coupling between microwave cavity photons and magnon excitations enables quantum transduction, magnon-mediated entanglement, and magnon number-resolved detection. Micromagnetic simulation of photon-magnon coupling typically requires either modifying the core solver or implementing a full electromagnetic solver. Here we present a two-tier cavity magnonics extension for mumax+, a GPU-accelerated open-source micromagnetic framework. The first tier consists of CUDA kernels that integrate N cavity-mode ODEs simultaneously with the LLG equation inside the GPU-based RK45 adaptive time-stepper, eliminating per-step GPU-CPU transfers; spatially resolved mode profiles enter both the coupling and the feedback, enabling selective addressing of non-uniform spin-wave modes. The second tier is a lightweight Python co-simulation class that reproduces the same uniform-mode physics through operator-split RK4 integration without recompilation. We validate the implementation with eight benchmark simulations: (i) magnon-polariton anticrossing spectra, (ii) vacuum Rabi oscillations, (iii) the cooperativity phase diagram spanning weak-to-strong coupling regimes, (iv) cavity mode-profile-dependent coupling selection rules, (v) multi-mode polariton hybridization with magnon-mediated cavity-cavity energy transfer, (vi) mode-selective coupling via spatial overlap engineering, (vii) antiferromagnetic magnon-cavity coupling with Neel-vector spectroscopy, and (viii) abnormal anticrossing from dissipative photon-magnon coupling, demonstrating the transition from level repulsion to level attraction.

In this paper, we introduce GraphLake, a purpose-built graph compute engine for Lakehouse. GraphLake is built on top of the commercial graph database TigerGraph. It maps Lakehouse tables to vertex and edge types in a labeled property graph and supports graph analytics over Lakehouse tables using GSQL. To minimize startup time, it loads only the graph topology. Furthermore, it introduces a series of techniques to ensure query efficiency over Lakehouse tables, including a graph-aware caching mechanism and two Lakehouse-optimized parallel primitives. Extensive experiments demonstrate that GraphLake significantly outperforms PuppyGraph, the current state-of-the-art graph compute engine for Lakehouse, by achieving both lower startup and query time.

We investigate quantum transport in a hybrid system composed of two quantum dots (QDs) coupled through a pair of spatially separated Majorana zero modes (MZMs) with negligible coupling energy. We focus on nonlocal correlations mediated by the MZMs, particularly the role of Coulomb interaction U between the QDs and the Majorana wire. Using the numerically exact fermionic dissipation equation of motion (DEOM) method, we compute both the transient current and the current-current cross-correlation noise spectrum. In the non-interacting case (U=0), destructive interference between the degenerate normal tunneling and anomalous tunneling channels suppresses electron teleportation between the dots. Introducing a finite Coulomb interaction $U$ lifts this channel degeneracy, enabling strong nonlocal correlations and inter-dot electron teleportation. This effect manifests as a robust signal in the cross-correlation noise spectrum, which is significantly stronger than that induced by a finite Majorana coupling energy $\varepsilon_{M}$. Our findings propose Coulomb interaction as an efficient and experimentally accessible control parameter for generating and detecting Majorana-mediated nonlocal transport in the topologically relevant long-wire limit ($\varepsilon_{M}\rightarrow0$).

Neutron skins encode essential information about nuclear geometry, surface structure, and isovector response, yet a compact description across the nuclear chart remains elusive. We present an empirical analysis of neutron-excess surface systematics using a mass-normalized, charge-radius-derived proxy ("neutron-skin curvature") built from evaluated experimental charge radii. By normalizing radii to the reduced Compton length $r_B=\hbar/(mc)$, we form a dimensionless curvature ratio that enables comparison across isotopic chains of widely varying mass. When expressed versus normalized neutron excess, data for more than 800 nuclei spanning 88 elements collapse onto a single empirical curve without element-specific rescaling or interaction-model tuning; the curve is used only as a fixed baseline for residual analysis. The collapse accounts for approximately 88% of the variance and is substantially tighter than droplet-style baselines fit to the same dataset. Residuals show structured deviations: three finite-size regimes (skin formation, relaxation toward bulk geometry, and saturation) and a distinct few-body domain for very light nuclei ($Z\le 4$). Stratifying residuals by periodic-table families reveals tighter submanifolds for several groups, suggesting additional geometric constraints layered on the global trend. These results are obtained directly from evaluated experimental data and physical constants, without introducing new interaction terms, and motivate further study of geometric correlations with other nuclear and atomic observables.

Given the rapid advances in quantum computing hardware, establishing systematic strategies for verifying the correctness of quantum computations has become increasingly important. Exploiting the fact that the axial anomaly in gauge theories is exact to all orders in perturbation theory, we propose the axial anomaly as a nontrivial benchmark for quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories. We simulate anomalous axial-charge production in ${\mathbb Z}_N$ lattice gauge theories on the trapped-ion quantum computer ``Reimei''. After taking the U(1), infinitesimal time, and infinite volume limits, we successfully reproduce the anomaly coefficient within statistical uncertainties, even without error mitigation. Our results demonstrate that the axial anomaly can be simulated on current quantum computers and serves as a verification test of quantum computations.

Based on the Ca\,II H and K lines observed by LAMOST, we employ the photospheric ($R'_{\rm HK}$) and basal ($R^+_{\rm HK,L}$) flux calibrated chromospheric activity indices to examine the relationship between chromospheric activity and the stellar rotation rate. We identify the rotation periods of 11,108 stars observed by Kepler and TESS by cross-matching our chromospheric activity catalog with previous studies. Our statistical results show that chromospheric activity increases with the rotation rate until it reaches a saturation level. As the stellar effective temperature increases from 4950 to 5850 K, the saturation values of the rotation period ($P_{\rm rot}$) vary correspondingly from 4.38 to 1.23 days for $R'_{\rm HK}$ and from 9.88 to 1.33 days for $R^+_{\rm HK,L}$. Similarly, the corresponding saturation Rossby number Ro ranges from 0.200 to 0.032 for $R'_{\rm HK}$ and from 0.302 to 0.107 for $R^+_{\rm HK,L}$. The saturation is also found to be significant in stars with thick convective zones, whereas it is less apparent in stars with higher effective temperatures. For solar-like stars in the $T_{\rm eff}$ range of 4800 to 6000 K, The values of chromospheric activity indicators are saturated when $P_{\rm rot}<1.45 $ days (Ro$<$0.100) and $P_{\rm rot}<2.85 $ days (Ro$<$0.097) for $R'_{\rm HK}$ and $R^+_{\rm HK,L}$, respectively.

We present the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Ni $L_{2,3}$-edge as an evidence of the $d$-wave altermagnetism in rutile-structure NiF$_2$. Sizable XMCD signal is observed in excellent agreement with theoretical simulations. Owing to a considerable net magnetization due to spin canting, the XMCD spectrum consists of an altermagnetic signal as well as a non-negligible ferromagnetic contribution. We verify experimentally that the XMCD spectrum can be written as a sum of contributions from altermagnetism and weak ferromagnetism. Two experimental methods to isolate the ferromagnetic contribution are shown to yield essentially the same result. These are dependence of XMCD on applied magnetic fields below the Néel temperature and the XMCD measured in applied field above the Néel temperature. Our results demonstrate the utility of XMCD as a probe for altermagnetic materials with the coexisting weak ferromagnetism induced by the relativistic spin-orbit coupling.

Measures on Fraïssé classes are a key input in the Harman--Snowden (2022) construction of tensor categories. Treelike Fraïssé classes provide a particularly tractable source of examples. In this paper, we complete the classification of measures on Cameron's elementary treelike classes. In particular, for the class $\partial \mathfrak{T}_3(n)$ of node-colored rooted binary tree structures with $n$ colors, we classify measures by an explicit bijection with directed rooted trees edge-labeled by $\{1, \dots, n\}$ with a distinguished vertex, yielding $(2n+2)^n$ distinct $\mathbb{Z}\left[\frac{1}{2}\right]$-valued measures. For each $n \geq 1$, we use a family of measures $μ_n^I$ and their supports $\partial \mathfrak{T}_3(n)^{\mathrm{ord}}_I$ (where $I \subseteq \{1, \dots, n\}$) to construct the Karoubi envelopes $\mathbf{Rep}(\partial \mathfrak{T}_3(n)^{\mathrm{ord}}_I;μ^I_n)$, producing infinite families of semisimple tensor categories with superexponential growth that cannot be obtained via Deligne's interpolation of representation categories. We also prove the nonexistence of measures on the $n$-colored tree class $C_n\mathfrak{T}$ for $n \geq 2$ and the labeled tree class $L \mathfrak{T}$, extending Snowden's results for uncolored trees.

A study of angular correlations inside jets induced by gluon polarization is performed using proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.7 fb$^{-1}$, collected in 2022 with the CMS detector at the LHC. The details of the parton shower are investigated using jets reconstructed with the anti-$k_\mathrm{T}$ algorithm and subsequently declustered with the Cambridge$-$Aachen algorithm. A novel analysis technique is developed to identify characteristic features of the jet substructure and to select intermediate gluon splittings into quark-antiquark pairs. An observable sensitive to gluon polarization in the parton shower is measured and compared with PYTHIA 8 and HERWIG 7 model predictions, with and without angular correlations induced by the gluon spin. The results are consistent with models that incorporate gluon polarization and strongly disfavor those that neglect them.

The light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA) is a fundamental non-perturbative quantity for understanding hadron structure and exclusive scattering processes. We report on our calculation of the pion and kaon LCDAs using the heavy-quark operator product expansion (HOPE) framework. This method employs an OPE analysis of hadronic amplitudes through the inclusion of a fictitious valence heavy quark. In these proceedings, we report progress on the determination of the first three nontrivial Mellin moments of the kaon LCDAs from dynamical lattice QCD calculations, and we summarize the recently published continuum-limit result for the pion fourth Mellin moment obtained in the quenched approximation, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of the HOPE method for accessing higher moments.

Renewable power-to-hydrogen (ReP2H) enables large-scale renewable energy utilization and supports the decarbonization of hard-to-abate sectors, such as chemicals and maritime transport, via hydrogen-based renewable ammonia and methanol fuels. As a result, utility-scale ReP2H projects are expanding worldwide. However, off-grid ReP2H systems exhibit low inertia due to their converter-dominated nature, making frequency security a critical concern. Although recent studies show that electrolyzers can contribute to frequency regulation (FR), their support capability depends on operating states and loading levels, creating a trade-off between hydrogen output and frequency security. To address this challenge, this work develops a unified co-optimization framework for frequency security-aware production scheduling of utility-scale off-grid ReP2H systems coordinating heterogeneous electrolyzers. A system-level frequency response model is established to capture multi-stage FR from alkaline water electrolyzers (AWEs), proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMELs), and other resources, including ammonia-fueled generators retrofitted in co-located chemical plants, battery energy storage, and wind turbines (WTs). Stage-wise transient frequency security constraints are derived, reformulated into tractable forms, and embedded into production scheduling, enabling coordinated on/off switching and load allocation across electrolyzers to maximize hydrogen output under uncertain renewable power input while enforcing frequency security constraints. Case studies based on real-world systems demonstrate that the proposed approach allows HPs to replace 55.52% and 96.85% of FR reserves from WTs and AFGs, respectively, while maintaining comparable hydrogen output. Year-long simulations show an average 28.96% increase in annual net profit resulting from reduced reliance on conventional reserves.

Neutrino astronomy provides another window to exploring the Universe, exemplified by the detection of a megaelectronvolt neutrino burst from the core-collapse supernova (CCSN) SN~1987A (refs.~\citenum{hir+87,bio+87}). Commonly discussed theories suggest that some CCSNe could produce neutrinos with energies a thousand times more than those of SN~1987A \cite{tm18}, which has been probed with new-generation facilities \cite{abb+12,aar+15,abb+23}. The interaction of SN ejecta with a dense circumstellar medium (CSM) or a jet, launched in a CCSN, being choked in the stellar envelope of the progenitor or an outside CSM are both well-accepted scenarios for the high-energy neutrino production. Here we report the detection of a high-energy neutrino flare at a 3.9$σ$ significance from SN~2017hcd, made by our analysis of the public track-like neutrino data taken by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory \cite{IceCube17}. A Type IIn SN with optical emissions arising from the ejecta--CSM interaction, SN~2017hcd's neutrino flare lasted $\sim$1--2 month, with its central time $\sim$14-day prior to the SN's optical discovery time. Its estimated isotropic neutrino energy (all flavors) is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than the energy ($\sim 10^{50}$\,erg) carried in the SN's ejecta, too high to be explained with the ejecta--CSM scenario. Thus, a choked jet may be the source of the neutrino flare.

Satellite communication networks operate under stringent computational constraints and are susceptible to sophisticated cyberattacks. This paper introduces a novel defense framework that decouples security optimization into ground-based analysis and onboard real-time execution. In the long-term loop, the ground segment processes historical data to estimate key statistical parameters of the task environment. Additionally, we incorporate the time-varying characteristics of satellite wireless links to account for the dynamic communication context. In the short-term loop, the satellite employs a receding horizon optimization that models dynamic task arrivals and maximizes a utility function considering detection rates and resource costs. To counter intelligent adversaries interception, we introduce a deception mechanism using Bayesian persuasion theory. By strategically manipulating the short-term action sequences in the telemetry downlink, we mislead an external attacker's beliefs. We mathematically model the attacker's optimal response under channel uncertainty and demonstrate that our framework significantly reduces attacker utility. The approach's effectiveness is formally proven using Lyapunov theory.

We investigate the existence of minimal hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{S}^{n+1}$ that are generated by the isoparametric foliation of a subsphere $\mathbb{S}^n$. By considering a generalized rotational ansatz formed by the union of homothetic copies of isoparametric leaves, we reduce the minimal surface equation to an ordinary differential equation. We prove that this construction yields a closed embedded minimal hypersurface for any choice of isoparametric hypersurface $M \subset \mathbb{S}^n$. The resulting hypersurfaces have the topological type $S^1 \times M$, extending the known examples of minimal hypertori ($S^1\times S^k\times S^k$ and $S^1\times S^k\times S^l$) to a broader class of topologies determined by isoparametric structures.

Most learners worldwide are multilingual, yet implementing multilingual education remains challenging in practice. EdTech offers an opportunity to bridge this gap and expand access for linguistically diverse learners. We conducted a quasi-experiment in Uganda with 2,931 participants enrolled in a non-formal radio- and mobile-based engineering course, where learners self-selected instruction in Leb Lango (a local language), English, or a Hybrid option combining both languages. The Leb Lango version of the course was used disproportionately by learners from rural areas, those with less formal education, and those with lower prior knowledge, broadening participation among disadvantaged learners. Moreover, the availability of Leb Lango instruction was associated with higher active participation, even among learners who registered for English instruction. Although Leb Lango learners began with lower performance, they demonstrated faster learning gains and achieved comparable final examination outcomes to English and Hybrid learners. These results suggest that providing local language options to learners is an effective way to make EdTech more accessible.

Many learning tasks represent responses as multivariate probability measures, requiring repeated computation of weighted barycenters in Wasserstein space. In multivariate settings, transport barycenters are often computationally demanding and, more importantly, are generally not well posed under the affine weight schemes inherent to global and local Frećhet regression, where weights sum to one but may be negative. We propose HiMAP, a Hilbert mass-aligned parameterization that endows multivariate measures with a distribution-invariant notion of quantile level. The construction recursively refines the domain through equiprobable conditional-median splits and follows a Hilbert curve ordering, so that a single scalar index consistently tracks cumulative probability mass across distributions. This yields an embedding into a Hilbert function space and induces a tractable discrepancy for distribution comparison and averaging. Crucially, the representation is closed under affine averaging, leading to a closed-form, well-posed barycenter and an explicit distribution-valued Frećhet regression estimator obtained by averaging HiMAP quantile maps. We establish consistency and a dimension-dependent polynomial convergence rate for HiMAP estimators under mild conditions, matching the classical rates for empirical convergence in multivariate Wasserstein geometry. Numerical experiments and a multivariate climate-indicator study demonstrate that HiMAP delivers barycenters and regression fits comparable to standard optimal-transport surrogates while achieving substantial speedups in schemes dominated by repeated barycenter evaluations.

Some investors say increasing investors with the same strategy decreasing their profits per an investor. On the other hand, some investors using technical analysis used to use same strategy and parameters with other investors, and say that it is better. Those argues are conflicted each other because one argues using with same strategy decreases profits but another argues it increase profits. However, those arguments have not been investigated yet. In this study, the agent-based artificial financial market model(ABAFMM) was built by adding "additional agents"(AAs) that includes additional fundamental agents (AFAs) and additional technical agents (ATAs) to the prior model. The AFAs(ATAs) trade obeying simple fundamental(technical) strategy having only the one parameter. We investigated earnings of AAs when AAs increased. We found that in the case with increasing AFAs, market prices are made stable that leads to decrease their profits. In the case with increasing ATAs, market prices are made unstable that leads to gain their profits more.

The Berry curvature dipole induced by symmetry breaking play a pivotal role in electronic transport properties and nonlinear responses, such as the nonlinear Hall effect and circular photogalvanic effect. The study of the Berry curvature dipole, often explored in time-reversal symmetric systems, but it should not be limited to such materials. Here, we predicted that the ferroelectricity in monolayer CrNBr2 produces Berry curvature dipole, leading to the nonlinear Hall effect and circular photogalvanic current. The linear anomalous Hall effect and circularly polarized optical absorption, governed by spin-orbit coupling, are independent of ferroelectric polarization and exhibit extremely small conductance. In contrast, multiferroic monolayer CrNBr2 achieves a large nonlinear Hall conductivity and circular photogalvanic current, despite its suppression at high temperatures from phonon scattering. The coupling between the ferroelectric polarization and the Berry curvature dipoles allows for nonvolatile switching of these effects, presenting substantial promise for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices.

The disaggregation of the Radio Access Network (RAN) introduces unprecedented flexibility but significant operational complexity, necessitating automated management frameworks. However, current Open RAN (O-RAN) orchestration relies on fragmented manual policies, lacking end-to-end intent assurance from high-level requirements to low-level configurations. In this paper, we propose ORION, an O-RAN compliant intent orchestration framework that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) via the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to translate natural language intents into enforceable network policies. ORION leverages a hierarchical agent architecture, combining an MCP-based Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) layer for semantic translation with a Non-Real-Time RIC rApp and Near-Real-Time RIC xApp for closed-loop enforcement. Extensive evaluations using GPT-5, Gemini 3 Pro, and Claude Opus demonstrate a 100% policy generation success rate for high-capacity models, highlighting significant trade-offs in reasoning efficiency. We show that ORION reduces provisioning complexity by automating the complete intent lifecycle, from ingestion to E2-level enforcement, paving the way for autonomous 6G networks.

Electron-boson coupling is central to a comprehensive understanding of the diverse physical phenomena emerging from many-body interactions. Yet less attention has been paid to how plasmons, collective bosonic modes of electron density oscillation, interact with conduction electrons and how external parameters can tune this interaction. Here, we present a clear display of composite quasiparticles stemming from electron-plasmon coupling, known as the plasmonic polaron, in self-intercalated 1T-TiS2, by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HR-EELS) and first-principles calculations. The single particle spectral function exhibits a distinctive plasmon-loss satellite with the same characteristic energy scale determined by HR-EELS measurements. The bosonic energy scale of plasmonic polaron is tunable by controlling charge carrier density and temperature, distinguishing itself from conventional polarons arising from electron-phonon interactions. Furthermore, we find that the dielectric screening strongly affects the formation of the plasmonic polaron states. Our findings provide direct spectroscopic evidence of plasmonic polarons and establish self-intercalated layered materials as a promising platform for studying, controlling, and harnessing plasmonic interactions in quantum materials.

This paper examines multi-armed bandits in which actions are taken at random discrete times. The model consists of $J$ independent arms. When an arm is operated, it must remain active for a random duration, modeled by the inter-arrival time of a (possibly arm-dependent) renewal process. For arms evolving as a Lévy process, we provide an explicit characterization of the Gittins index, which is known to yield an optimal strategy. Furthermore, when the inter-arrival times are exponential and the arms evolve as either a spectrally negative Lévy process, a reflected spectrally negative Lévy process, or a diffusion process, the Gittins index is explicitly characterized in terms of the scale function or diffusion characteristics, respectively. Numerical experiments are performed to support the theoretical results.

In the context of differential fields of characteristic zero with several commuting derivations, we discuss the notion of $\#$-differential equations on parameterized D-torsors and their associated Galois extensions. Using model-theoretic methods, we observe that any generalized strongly normal extension (in the sense of Pillay [14] and, more generally, León Sánchez [9]) is the Galois extension of a parameterized D-torsor. Furthermore, we prove a parameterized version of a theorem of Kolchin on differential cohomology, itself of independent interest, and use it to provide a necessary and sufficient cohomological condition for when a generalized strongly normal extension is the Galois extension for a log-differential equation on its Galois group (as a parameterized D-group). We also present general model-theoretic versions of some of the main results.