High-rate quantum error correcting (QEC) codes encode many logical qubits in a given number of physical qubits, making them promising candidates for quantum computation. Implementing high-rate codes at a scale that both frustrates classical computing and improves performance by encoding requires both high fidelity gates and long-range qubit connectivity -- both of which are offered by trapped-ion quantum computers. Here, we demonstrate computations that outperform their unencoded counterparts in the high-rate $[[ k+2,\, k,\, 2 ]]$ iceberg quantum error detecting (QED) and $[[ (k_2 + 2)(k_1 + 2),\, k_2k_1,\, 4 ]]$ two-level concatenated iceberg QEC codes, using the 98-qubit Quantinuum Helios trapped-ion quantum processor. Utilizing new gadgets for encoded operations, we realize this "beyond break-even" performance with reasonable postselection rates across a range of fault-tolerant (FT) and partially-fault-tolerant (pFT) component and application benchmarks with between $48$ and $94$ logical qubits. These benchmarks include FT state preparation and measurement, QEC cycle benchmarking, logical gate benchmarking, GHZ state preparation, and a pFT quantum simulation of the three-dimensional $XY$ model of quantum magnetism. Additionally, we illustrate that postselection rates can be suppressed by increasing the code distance via concatenation. Our results represent state-of-the-art logical component and state fidelities and provide evidence that high-rate QED/QEC codes are viable on contemporary quantum computers for near-term beyond-classical-scale computation.

Low-mass dwarf galaxies ($M_{\rm vir} \lesssim 10^9\rm\ M_\odot$) are fundamental cosmological building blocks, yet the physical processes driving their structural diversity remain poorly understood. Recent numerical simulations have suggested a diversity in the stellar-to-halo mass ratio in this halo mass range, but either the number of samples obtained from the same simulation setup or the numerical resolution was limited. We performed high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations for eight galaxies with a dark matter halo mass of $\sim 10^9\rm\ M_{\odot}$ up to $t=1.2$ Gyr at which most gas in the galaxies has been expelled. Our samples have a scatter of an order of magnitude in the halo mass at the reionization epoch. The stellar-to-halo mass ratio expected at $z=0$ scatters nearly two orders of magnitude with $5\times10^{-5}$ to $2\times10^{-3}$. We also observed variation in the compactness of their stellar distributions. Some of our simulated galaxies exhibit a stellar half-mass radius of $\sim30$ pc, which is as small as that of ultra-compact dwarfs. The formation condition for such a compact stellar distribution is understood as an analog of the condition for the formation of dense, massive star clusters. We found that when the central gas surface density exceeds a critical threshold ($Σ_{\rm gas} \gtrsim 30\rm\ M_\odot \rm\ {pc}^{-2}$), the star formation becomes highly efficient and results in dense stellar systems. These results suggest that UCDs can form in situ even in isolated dark matter halos.

Statistics of polarized synchrotron radiation carry information about the properties of the underlying turbulence. Different statistical measures constructed from observables probe turbulence properties in different ways. We consider a setup in which synchrotron radiation is emitted in a distant volume and then passes through a turbulent screen that induces Faraday rotation. Using both MHD simulations and synthetic turbulence spectra, we explore the spectrum of observed polarization directions measured at a single frequency as a diagnostic for recovering the statistics of turbulence in both the emitting region and the Faraday-rotation screen. We compare these results with our analytical expectations. We also compare the spectrum of polarization direction (SPD) with the wavelength-derivative diagnostic introduced and analytically explored by Lazarian \& Pogosyan. We demonstrate that the SPD exhibits greater sensitivity to turbulence in the Faraday screen. We provide an observer-friendly criterion to determine whether the SPD samples turbulence in the synchrotron-emitting region or in the Faraday screen. These results open a practical pathway for extracting turbulence statistics from existing and forthcoming single-band radio polarimetry.

We develop a simple and systematic route to higher levels of the qubit Clifford hierarchy by coherently controlling Clifford operations. Our approach is based on Pauli periodicity, defined for a Clifford unitary $U$ as the smallest integer $m\ge 1$ such that $U^{2^{m}}$ is a Pauli operator up to phase. We prove a sharp controlled-jump rule showing that the controlled gate $CU$ lies strictly in level $m+2$ of the hierarchy, and equivalently that $CU$ lies in level $k$ if $U^{2^{k-2}}$ is Pauli while no smaller positive power of $U$ is Pauli. We further quantify the resources required to realize large level jumps in the Clifford hierarchy by proving an essentially tight upper bound on Pauli periodicity as a function of the number of qubits, which implies that accessing high hierarchy levels through controlled Cliffords requires a number of target qubits that grows exponentially with the desired level. We complement this limitation with explicit infinite families of Pauli-periodic Cliffords whose controlled versions achieve asymptotically optimal jumps. As an application, we propose a protocol for preparing logical catalyst states that enable logical $Z^{1/2^k}$ phase gates via phase kickback from a single jumped Clifford.

The $i$-dimensional Potts lattice Higgs model is a random assignment of spins in $\mathbb{Z}_q$ to the $i$-dimensional cells of a cell complex induced by a Hamiltonian with a Potts interaction on the $(i+1)$-cells and an additional term playing the role of an external field. We develop a representation of this model as a pair of dependent plaquette percolations, and prove that Wilson line expectations can be expressed in terms of the probability of a topological event. As an application, we prove the existence of a phase transition for the Marcu--Fredenhagen ratio in the Potts lattice Higgs model on $\mathbb{Z}^d$ when $i=1.$

We investigate thermal avalanche dynamics in amorphous solids using elastoplastic models with local activation rules and no external driving. Dynamical heterogeneities, quantified through persistence measurements and the associated four-point susceptibility $χ_4$, reveal the emergence of correlated spatiotemporal rearrangements as temperature is varied. As temperature increases, avalanche statistics evolve from scale-free behavior with exponential cutoffs to regimes dominated by system-spanning runaway events. We identify a system-size-dependent critical temperature $T_c(L)$ that separates intermittent avalanche dynamics from thermally assisted flow, where self-sustained avalanches transiently fluidize the system. We show that $T_c(L)$ decreases algebraically with increasing system size, suggesting that in the thermodynamic limit arbitrarily small but finite temperatures may destabilize the intermittent regime. The relation between avalanche size and duration resembles that in sheared systems, whereas the statistics of minimal distances to yielding reveal a temperature-driven reorganization of marginal stability absent in strictly driven overdamped dynamics. Our results demonstrate that thermal activation alone can generate a finite-size-controlled instability scale in disordered elastic media.

The far side of the Moon, shielded from terrestrial radio frequency interference and beyond the influence of Earth's ionosphere, should offer a uniquely quiet environment for radio astronomy and cosmological experiments. The radio sky below 30 MHz is largely unexplored and is thought to contain spectral signatures of new physics in the early, high-redshift Universe. Achieving precision measurements in this band requires accurate understanding of antenna performance and systematics. For upcoming lunar surface radio astronomy missions, this modeling will be challenging because antennas will deploy at heights that are only a small fraction of a wavelength above the lunar regolith, where strong coupling between the antenna and the surface can significantly alter impedance, radiation patterns, and efficiency. The challenge is compounded by the layered dielectric structure of the regolith and the tendency for permittivity to increase with depth, both of which are difficult to represent faithfully in numerical simulations. In this work, we review theoretical predictions for the behavior of a simple horizontal dipole above a dielectric half-space, representing the lunar regolith, and compare them with simulation results obtained using the Ansys HFSS integral equation solver. We quantify how the antenna impedance and beam pattern couple to the sky for a representative lunar surface radio astronomy experiment. The results show that surface induced effects decrease rapidly, even for modest increases in antenna height above the regolith. Conversely, a dipole antenna placed on or very near the lunar surface will exhibit complex spectral response that renders systematics control very difficult without detailed information on regolith properties.

Modelling rock-fluid interaction requires solving a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) to predict the flow behaviour and the reactions of the fluid with the rock on the interfaces. Conventional high-fidelity numerical models require a high resolution to obtain reliable results, resulting in huge computational expense. This restricts the applicability of these models for multi-query problems, such as uncertainty quantification and optimisation, which require running numerous scenarios. As a cheaper alternative to high-fidelity models, this work develops eight surrogate models for predicting the fluid flow in porous media. Four of these are reduced-order models (ROM) based on one neural network for compression and another for prediction. The other four are single neural networks with the property of grid-size invariance; a term which we use to refer to image-to-image models that are capable of inferring on computational domains that are larger than those used during training. In addition to the novel grid-size-invariant framework for surrogate models, we compare the predictive performance of UNet and UNet++ architectures, and demonstrate that UNet++ outperforms UNet for surrogate models. Furthermore, we show that the grid-size-invariant approach is a reliable way to reduce memory consumption during training, resulting in good correlation between predicted and ground-truth values and outperforming the ROMs analysed. The application analysed is particularly challenging because fluid-induced rock dissolution results in a non-static solid field and, consequently, it cannot be used to help in adjustments of the future prediction.

We study two-dimensional Coulomb gases in the presence of $m\in\mathbb{N}_{>0}$ outposts. An outpost is a connected component of the coincidence set that lies outside the droplet. The case $m=1$ was previously investigated by Ameur, Charlier, and Cronvall. They showed that, as the total number of particles in the Coulomb gas tends to infinity, the number of particles accumulating near the outpost remains of order one and converges in distribution to the Heine distribution. In this work, we extend this analysis to the case of an arbitrary but fixed number $m$ of outposts. We prove that the joint distribution of the numbers of particles near the outposts converges to a multidimensional Heine distribution. Our results reveal a interesting phenomenon: although the outposts are geometrically disconnected, the particle count near each outpost is strongly correlated with the particle counts near all other outposts, not only the nearest ones (provided the outposts are not separated by a component of the droplet).

We assess runaway-electron (RE) generation in ITER disruptions mitigated by shattered pellet injection (SPI) using improved physics modelling in the 1D disruption simulation framework Dream. To this end, we extend Dream with four ITER-relevant physics models: (i) a reduced model for RE scrape- off associated with the vertical plasma motion, (ii) a semi-analytical plasmoid- drift model for material deposition, (iii) an adaptive hyper-resistive transport model to suppress unphysical thin-current channels during the current quench (CQ), and (iv) an updated Compton RE generation seed calculated for the new ITER tungsten first-wall design. We simulate full-current 15 MA L-mode (H26, non-nuclear) and H-mode (DTHmode24, nuclear) scenarios, and an intermediate- current 7.5 MA H-mode non-nuclear case, from realistic ITER inputs. Complete avoidance of a multi-MA RE beam is found to require a long pre-thermal quench (TQ) duration to thermalize the hot-tail electrons, high deuterium assimilation with limited neon, and a representative seed current comparable to a single RE in ITER. As previously found with lower fidelity setups [Vallhagen et al, Nucl. Fusion 64 (2024)], these conditions are met by staggered or low-Ne injections in H26, but are typically violated in DT H-mode when nuclear seeds are present. In addition to analyzing the effect of the new models, we investigate the role of the current spike associated with the TQ and importance of radial transport of runaways in the CQ. After incorporating these additional physical effects into a comprehensive disruption model and analyzing their impact, we present a representative ITER DT H-mode SPI scenario which provides a theoretically viable route to tolerable RE currents in ITER fusion power operation.

Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) can produce relativistic electron beams and various secondary particles in centimeter-long plasmas, making it a valuable particle source with important applications in many disciplines. In this work, we examine the effects of non-ideal transverse intensity and phase distribution of laser pulses on LWFA through both experimental measurements and particle-in-cell simulations. The complex transverse profile of the 75 TW laser pulses reduces the self-focused intensity in plasma compared with a transversely Gaussian laser. Furthermore, the sheath structure of the nonlinear plasma wake excited by realistic laser pulses is wider and more complicated than that of a Gaussian laser. These hinder the injection of the plasma electrons. As the laser pulse propagates through the plasma, its intensity profile gradually becomes elliptical and drives a plasma wake with a sharp sheath near the azimuths of the major axis, leading to an injection. When using a realistic laser profile in simulations, both the charge and energy of injected electrons closely match experimental results ($\sim200$ pC of charge and $\sim 200$ MeV peak energy), whereas the Gaussian laser simulations produce much higher charge ($\sim500$ pC). Our findings reveal the difference in injection dynamics between LWFA driven by non-ideal laser pulses and those driven by Gaussian pulses, and are useful for applications of LWFA which demand high-charge electron beams.

Assuming that dark matter is an ultralight pseudoscalar particle which couples to electromagnetism like an axion (an ALP), we demonstrate that the coupling of the cosmological magnetic field produced by the ALP field oscillations to the primordial dark matter fluctuations yields a spectrum of gauge field fluctuations which can produce a sufficient flux of Lyman-Werner photons to enable the Direct Collapse Black Hole formation scenario. The induced flux is consistent with the bounds on the excess flux of radio photons from ARCADE2 and EDGES measurements.

We present an investigation into the crystal structure of ErVO4 under variable pressure conditions. The high-pressure single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments performed employing helium as the pressure medium facilitated structure refinements up to 24.1(2) GPa. The transition from zircon to scheelite was observed at a pressure of 7.9(1) GPa. In contrast to previous reports, we did not detect any sign of phase coexistence. We also did not observe the second phase transitions previously predicted by density-functional theory to occur below 20 GPa. The determination of the pressure dependence of unit-cell parameters and volume yields precise values for linear compressibility of each axis and the pressure-volume equation of state for both the zircon and scheelite phases. Additional information on the mechanical properties of ErVO4, obtained from density-functional theory calculations, is also reported.

In low-luminosity active galactic nuclei like M87* and Sgr A*, the accretion disk around the central supermassive black hole is tenuous and collisionless. As a result, the usual ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) approximation may not be applicable. In this Letter, we report on the first fully kinetic simulations of the accretion process where the plasma initially has finite angular momentum. The simulated accretion flow behaves remarkably similarly to the magnetically arrested disk (MAD) regime of ideal MHD, reproducing episodes of magnetic flux saturation and eruption typical of MADs. The resemblance to fluid models owes largely to kinetic instabilities, which regulate pressure anisotropy in the disk, allowing fluid terms to dominate the angular momentum transfer. In addition, by handling vacuum regions effectively, our kinetic approach probes the matter supply to the jet funnel. We observe no efficient penetration of the accreting material into this region, which suggests that a pair discharge may be required to sustain the Blandford-Znajek process.

The large-scale dynamics of most conventional space and astrophysical plasmas are predominantly governed by Alfvén modes, which are low-frequency magnetohydrodynamic modes existing in magnetized media. At scales smaller than the ion gyroscale or frequencies exceeding the ion cyclotron frequency, the Alfvén modes transform into kinetic-Alfvén or whistler modes that significantly contribute to plasma dynamics. However, this scenario reverses in non-neutral pair plasmas, such as those found in the magnetospheres of pulsars and magnetars, around rotating black holes and in their relativistic jets, as well as in certain laboratory plasmas. In these systems, the large-scale dynamics is governed by hybrid whistler-Alfvén modes, which transform into pure Alfvén modes at smaller scales. We derive the nonlinear equations that describe the dynamics of whistler-Alfvén modes in ultrarelativistic non-neutral magnetically dominated pair plasma and discuss the spectrum of turbulence governed by these equations.

We conjecture a family of matrix quantum mechanical models that are holographically dual to discrete light-cone quantization of M-theory in pp-wave-like backgrounds. These backgrounds can be obtained from a Penrose limit of AdS$_4\times X_7$, where $X_7$ is Einstein. The matrix models arise from a classically consistent dimensional reduction of the UV Lagrangians of $\mathcal{N}=1$ superconformal field theories, in close analogy with how the BMN matrix model is obtained by dimensional reduction from $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory. We also discuss about supersymmetric black objects in pp-wave background by studying the Witten index and speculate that the area of the horizon is bounded from above for a fixed $N$.

Power consumption is a critical constraint for CubeSat based quantum communication, where tracking systems often dominate the onboard power budget. We demonstrate an energy-efficient approach that enables reliable satellite tracking at substantially reduced beacon power by treating tracking as a weak-signal estimation task. Using a closed-loop system with fine steering mirrors and higher-order Kalman filters on ground, we can maintain stable tracking at a transmitted power equivalent to 34 mW over a -60 dB satellite to ground optical channel. Our results show that the resulting penalties on QKD bit error rates and signal-to-noise ratios are negligible, allowing for more efficient power allocation to quantum payloads in CubeSat missions.

The effects of pressure on the crystal structure of scheelite-type perrhenates were studied using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and density-functional theory. At ambient conditions, the studied materials AgReO4, KReO4, and RbReO4, exhibit a tetragonal scheelite-type crystal structure described by space group I41/a. Under compression, a transition from scheelite-to-M${\prime}$-fergusonite (space group P21/c) was observed at 1.6 and 7.4 GPa for RbReO4 and KReO4, respectively. The transition involves a relative volume decrease. On the other hand, AgReO4 underwent a phase transition to the M-fergusonite structure (space group I2/a) at 13.6 GPa. In this case there is no appreciable volume discontinuity. The room-temperature pressure-volume equation of state for the three studied perrhenates was estimated using a second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. The results for the low-pressure phase are confirmed by density-functional theory calculations. The analysis of the bulk modulus shows that the compressibility of the compounds decreases following the sequence RbReO4 > KReO4 > AgReO4, which is related to the compressibility of the RbO8, KO8, and AgO8 bidisphenoid units. Density-functional theory also offers valuable insights into the elastic constants. Despite giving a good description for the low-pressure phase in the three compounds, density-functional theory cannot catch the structural phase transition observed in experiments. Reasons for it are discussed in the manuscript.

Direct searches for dark matter in the form of WIMPs with argon-based detectors require precise measurements of the ionization yield \Qy\ for nuclear recoils at low energies. Prior to this work, direct experimental data were available only above 6.7 keV, leaving a critical gap in the energy region most relevant for low-mass WIMP searches. The Recoil Directionality (ReD) experiment addressed this limitation by measuring the argon \Qy\ for nuclear recoils between 2 and 10 keV using a dual-phase TPC irradiated with neutrons from a \Cf\ fission source. The results extend existing direct measurements to lower energies, show consistency with previous data above 7 keV, and indicate an enhanced ionization yield at low recoil energies. These measurements provide essential input for next-generation argon-based dark matter searches and directly motivate the upgraded ReD+ phase, designed to further extend sensitivity into the sub-keV recoil-energy regime.

What are gauge-invariant local observables in a subregion in quantum gravity? How does one even define such a subregion non-perturbatively? We study these questions in JT gravity. One can define a subregion by specifying the value of the dilaton at the boundary of the region. We study conformal matter correlators in such a subregion. There is a gravitational constraint associated with York time evolution within the causal diamond of the subregion. This constraint can be leveraged to construct gauge-invariant observables in quantum gravity, using a crossed product construction. The extrinsic curvature of Cauchy slices acts as the physical clock. This is a simple example of how gauge-invariant observables can be obtained by dressing to features of a spacetime (or other fields), without the need for introducing an external observer. The entropy associated with this algebra of observables is not an area, or any boundary term. We show that gravitational constraints only give boundary formulas for entropy when gauging isometric diffeomorphisms. York time flow is merely a conformal isometry, not an actual isometry, and thus leads to bulk contributions to entropy. We repeat our construction for Milne-type closed Big-Bang universes, which may be of independent interest.

Programmable microheater arrays are essential for a variety of applications including gas sensing, microfluidic lab on a chip devices, 3D printers, and biosensors that rely on DNA amplification. Increasing the density and number of heating elements directly correlates with the precision with which spatiotemporal heat profiles can be delivered. However, large arrays have thus far not been realized. One challenge is that as the number of elements in an array increases, the complexity of connecting them grows. Here, we show that row-column addressing provides a promising architecture for the efficient operation of a large micro-heater array. We introduce a programmable 32 x 32 microheater array consisting of individually addressable robust platinum (Pt)-based Joule heating elements- each smaller than 300 micrometer. We show that combining high-voltage multiplexed electronics and sequential addressing controlled by a high frequency clock, allows the independent operation of the 1024 microheater elements. We demonstrate the generation of heat images and the patterning of metallic structures formed from the liquid metal Gallium. Our work demonstrates new capabilities for on-chip thermal devices, and opens the possibility to realize novel heat-controlled microactuation systems.

Photoionization is a key step in many attosecond processes. Accurately determining the photoionization time delay is critical to understanding electron dynamics during and after ionization and can guide future efforts to manipulate electron motion. Prior studies have shown that the photoionization time delay is non-zero and that pulse shaping through alteration of the spectral phase may change the number and timing of ionization events. In order to more quantitatively assess whether and how the spectral phase modifies the photoionization time delay, we use attosecond streaking simulations to extract the streaking time delay for ionizing pulses with identical power spectra, but different spectral phases. We compare streaking time delays for Gaussian, Airy, and fifth order phase extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses. We find that the streaking delay depends on the XUV spectral phase and that the sign of the delay is determined by the sign of the phase for large phases. Pulses with non-zero spectral phase show an asymmetry in the streaking spectrogram that is associated with phase-dependent spectral compression or broadening. Comparison of the streaking delays for short- and long-range potentials indicates that Coulomb-laser coupling contributions to the streaking shift are independent of spectral phase, confirming that the observed phase dependence arises from intrinsic photoionization dynamics. Overall, our work suggests that the spectral phase may open the door to new opportunities for controlling ionization timing and provide new avenues for coherent control of ultrafast electron

Learning properties of quantum states and channels is known to benefit from resources such as entangled operations, auxiliary qubits, and adaptivity, whereas the resource structure of measurement learning, namely, learning properties of quantum measurement operators, remains poorly understood. In this work, we identify a measurement learning task for which access limited to classical measurement outcomes leads to an exponential lower bound on the query complexity, established via a distinguishing task between a genuine quantum projective measurement and a purely classical random number generator. Remarkably, this hardness persists even when arbitrary entangled operations, auxiliary systems, and fully adaptive strategies are allowed, indicating that conventional resources for state and channel learning are ineffective in this task. In contrast, when access to the post-measurement quantum state is available, the same task can be solved with constant query complexity using a simple measuring-twice protocol, without requiring resources that are useful for state and channel learning. Our results reveal post-measurement states as a qualitatively new and decisive resource for measurement learning, suggesting potential implications for the design of practical quantum certification protocols.

Gauss's law-based quantum error correction (GLQEC) offers a promising approach to reducing qubit overhead in lattice gauge theory simulations by leveraging built-in symmetries. For applications of GLQEC to 1+1D lattice quantum electrodynamics (QED), we identify two significant trade-offs. First, we prove via dimension-counting arguments that GLQEC requires periodic electric fields, thereby constraining the design space for lattice QED simulations. Second, we numerically compare GLQEC with a universal quantum error correction (UQEC) code, specifically the $d=3$ bitflip repetition code, and find that while GLQEC can achieve lower logical error rates in single-round error correction, it exhibits faster decoherence to the steady-state mixed ensemble under multiple rounds. The mixing speed penalty is manifest in observables of interest for both memory experiments and Hamiltonian evolution. We identify a mixing speed threshold, $p_{th}=0.277(2)$, above which using GLQEC exhibits even faster decoherence than without error correction. Our results highlight fundamental limitations of symmetry-based error correction schemes and inform corresponding constraints on formulations of lattice gauge theories compatible with error-robust quantum simulation techniques.

Hyperon physics offers a distinctive laboratory for probing the intensity frontier and searching for physics beyond the Standard Model. This review summarizes recent results from the BESIII experiment, including pioneering studies of dark baryons, massless BSM particles, and invisible decay modes, together with investigations of baryon- and lepton-number violation. A central highlight is the determination of the $Λ$ electric dipole moment using quantum-entangled hyperon-antihyperon pairs, achieving a sensitivity three orders of magnitude beyond previous limits. These measurements provide world-leading constraints on new physics scenarios and establish a robust foundation for next-generation precision studies. By integrating experimental progress with theoretical developments and future facility prospects, this review emphasizes the critical role of hyperon probes in testing the fundamental laws of nature.

Circuit quantum acoustodynamics (cQAD) devices have a wide range of applications in quantum science, all of which depend crucially on the quantum coherence of the mechanical subsystem. In this context, high-overtone bulk acoustic-wave resonators (HBARs) are particularly promising, since they have shown very high quality factors with negligible dephasing. However, the introduction of piezoelectric films, which are necessary for coupling to a superconducting circuit, can lead to additional loss channels, such as surface scattering and two-level systems (TLS). Here, we study the acoustic dissipation of HBAR resonators in cQAD systems and find that the defect density of the piezoelectric material and its interface with the bulk are limiting factors for the coherence. We measure acoustic modes with phonon lifetimes up to 400 $μ$s and lifetime-limited coherence times approaching one millisecond in the quantum regime. When coupled to a superconducting qubit, this leads to a hybrid system with a large quantum coherence cooperativity of $C_{T_2}=1.1\times10^5$. These results represent a new milestone for the performance of cQAD devices and offer concrete paths forward for further improvements.

This work presents a comprehensive investigation of the gravitational phenomena that correspond to a non-commutative (NC) charged black hole, by incorporating NC geometry through a Moyal twist. We derive the deformed metric up to the second order of the NC parameter, utilizing the Seiberg-Witten map for the Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. We explore how non-commutativity modifies key thermodynamic properties, such as the Hawking temperature and heat capacity, and the existence of a remnant mass at the final stage of evaporation. Additionally, the study of Hawking radiation for bosonic and fermionic particles is discussed. Applying a perturbative method, scalar quasinormal modes are analyzed numerically. Furthermore, null geodesics and photon sphere stability are explored via curvature and topological methods. The shadow radius and deflection angle are computed to understand observational signatures. Lensing observables are compared to Event Horizon Telescope observations to provide probable constraints on the non-commutativity parameter. This study bridges theoretical predictions with astrophysical observations, offering insights into quantum gravity effects on black hole physics.

Representing the time-evolution operator as a tensor network constitutes a key ingredient in several algorithms for studying quantum lattice systems at finite temperature or in a non-equilibrium setting. For a Hamiltonian composed of strictly short-ranged interactions, the Suzuki-Trotter decomposition is the main technique for obtaining such a representation. In [B.~Vanhecke, L.~Vanderstraeten and F.~Verstraete, Physical Review A, L020402 (2021)], an alternative strategy, the cluster expansion, was introduced. This approach naturally preserves internal and lattice symmetries and can more easily be extended to higher-order representations or longer-ranged interactions. We extend the cluster expansion to two-dimensional fermionic systems, and employ it to construct projected entangled-pair operator (PEPO) approximations of Gibbs states. We also discuss and benchmark different truncation schemes for multiplying layers of PEPOs together. Applying the resulting framework to a two-dimensional spinless fermion model with attractive interactions, we resolve a clear phase boundary at finite temperature.

We investigate phase-dependent electronic and excitonic phenomena in monolayer Y2TeO2 MOenes in the 1T and 2H polymorphs using first-principles theory and an effective many-body framework. Phonon spectra and elastic stability criteria establish both phases as dynamically and mechanically stable. Quasiparticle band structures reveal direct gaps in the near-infrared to visible range, with gap values increasing systematically from semilocal to hybrid exchange treatments. Optical spectra computed using a tight-binding Bethe-Salpeter approach demonstrate pronounced excitonic resonances arising from reduced dimensionality and weak dielectric screening. The exciton binding energies reach 152 meV in the 1T phase and 126 meV in the 2H phase, reflecting enhanced quantum confinement in the structurally denser phase. Our results identify Y2TeO2monolayers as a rare class of stable, direct-gap MOenes with strong excitonic effects, providing a platform for exploring many-body physics in low-dimensional oxychalcogenide systems especially for photovoltaic applications.

We show how to construct a complete set of lowering operators, whose successive application reduces an arbitrary Fenyman integral to a combination of master integrals. The construction builds systems of equations for generic integral indices using IBP-generating vectors. The solution to each system is a lowering operator.