We extend the modified Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model -- incorporating exchange interactions via the Fierz transformation -- to finite temperatures in both two- and three-flavor scenarios, and investigate the properties of protoquark stars in $β$-equilibrium. Our results show that increasing the strength of exchange interactions, characterized by the parameter $α$, changes the chiral phase transition from first-order to crossover. We examine the effects of finite temperature, lepton fraction, and exchange interactions on the equation of state (EOS). We find that, in the crossover regime, the EOS is significantly stiffer than in the first-order case due to the substantial contribution of repulsive interactions in the exchange channels, while it remains relatively insensitive to variations in temperature and lepton fraction. Imposing the thermodynamic consistency, which requires the minimum of free energy per baryon $f / ρ_B$ occurs at zero pressure, further constrains the minimum value of vacuum pressure.

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have generated great interest in their applications for IoT automation and device management. However, centralized approaches struggle to scale across heterogeneous, large-scale systems. We present LLMind 2.0, a distributed framework that embeds lightweight LLM-empowered device agents and adopts natural language for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. In LLMind 2.0, a central coordinator translates human instructions into natural-language subtask descriptions, which instruct distributed device agents to generate device-specific code locally based on their proprietary APIs. Using natural language as a unified medium overcomes device heterogeneity and enables seamless device collaboration. LLMind 2.0 integrates: 1) a timeout-based deadlock avoidance protocol that coordinates distributed subtask executions, 2) a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mechanism for precise subtask-to-API mapping, and 3) fine-tuned lightweight LLMs for reliable, device-specific code generation. Experiments in multi-robot warehouse operations and Wi Fi network deployments show LLMind 2.0 improved scalability, reliability, and responsiveness compared to centralized baselines.

Many applications in transient science, gravitational wave follow-up, and galaxy population studies require all-sky galaxy catalogs with reliable distances, extents, and stellar masses. However, existing catalogs often lack completeness beyond $\sim 100$ Mpc, suffer from stellar contamination, or do not provide homogeneous stellar mass estimates and size information. Our goal is to build a high-purity, high-completeness, all-sky galaxy catalog out to 2,000 Mpc, specifically designed to support time-domain and multi-messenger astrophysics. We combined major galaxy catalogs and deep imaging surveys -- including the Legacy Surveys, Pan-STARRS, DELVE, and SDSS -- and added spectroscopic, photometric, and redshift-independent distances. We cleaned the sample using the Gaia catalog to remove stars and visually inspected all ambiguous cases below 100 Mpc through a classification platform that gathered 27,000 expert votes. Stellar masses were estimated using optical and mid-infrared profile-fit photometry, and we improved the accuracy of photometric distances by combining multiple independent estimates. The resulting catalog, REGALADE, includes nearly 80 million galaxies with distances under 2,000 Mpc. It provides stellar masses for 88% of the sample and ellipse fits for 80%. REGALADE is more than 90% complete for galaxies contributing 50% of the total $r$-band luminosity out to 360 Mpc. In science tests, it recovers 60% more known supernova hosts, doubles the number of low-luminosity transient hosts, and identifies more reliable hosts for ultraluminous and hyper-luminous X-ray sources. REGALADE is one of the most complete and reliable all-sky galaxy catalog to date for the nearby Universe, built for real-world applications in transient and multi-messenger astrophysics. The full dataset, visual classifications, and code will be released to support broad community use.

We reinvestigate the stability properties of ultracompact spinning boson stars with a stable light ring using fully nonlinear 3+1 and 2+1 numerical relativity simulations and two different formulations of the Einstein equations. We find no evidence of an instability on timescales of $t μ\sim 10^4$ (in units of the scalar mass), when allowing the star to be perturbed either solely by discretization error or by imposing various types of perturbations to our initial data. We find that the initially imposed perturbations exhibit slow decay, even for magnitudes just below the order where immediate collapse is induced.

We introduce and benchmark an improved algorithm for complex Langevin simulations of bosonic coherent state path integrals. Our approach utilizes a Strang splitting of the imaginary-time propagator rather than the conventional linear-order Taylor expansion, allowing us to construct an action that incorporates higher-order terms at negligible computational cost. The resulting algorithm enjoys guaranteed linear stability independent of the imaginary-time discretization, enabling more resource-efficient simulations. We demonstrate this improved performance for single-species bosons and for two-component bosons with Rashba spin-orbit coupling.

In this letter, we obtain a rephasing invariant formula for the CP phase in the Kobayashi--Maskawa parameterization $δ_{\rm KM} = \arg [ - { V_{ud} \det V_{\rm CKM} / V_{us} V_{ub} V_{cd} V_{td}} ]$. General perturbative expansion of the formula and observed value $δ_{\rm KM} \simeq π/2$ reveal that the phase difference of the 1-2 mixings $e^{i (ρ_{12}^{d} - ρ_{12}^{u})}$ is close to maximal for sufficiently small 1-3 quark mixings $s_{13}^{u,d}$. Moreover, combining this result with another formula for the CP phase $δ_{\rm PDG}$ in the PDG parameterization, we derived an exact sum rule $δ_{\rm PDG} + δ_{\rm KM} = π- α+ γ$ which relating the phases and the angles $α, β, γ$ of the unitarity triangle.

We herein report the successful intercalation of water molecules into the layered honeycomb lattice of Na$_2$Co$_2$TeO$_6$, a Kitaev-candidate compound, to obtain the hydrated phase Na$_2$Co$_2$TeO$_6$$\cdot$$y$H$_2$O ($y \sim$ 2.4). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Rietveld refinements indicate that crystalline water resides between the cobalt-based honeycomb layers. This insertion of neutral molecules significantly alters the crystal structure, increasing the interlayer spacing and modifying the local bonding environment. Magnetization measurements reveal an antiferromagnetic transition at $T_N \sim 17.2$ K, accompanied by a discernible weak ferromagnetic component. The application of moderate magnetic fields induces a spin-flop reorientation at $μ_0H \sim 5.7$ T. The $λ$-type anomaly and long-range order persist up to 9 T, showing the reconfiguration of the ground state as opposed to its suppression. Heat-capacity analysis reveals the full $2R\ln2$ magnetic entropy expected for two $J_{\rm eff} = 1/2$ moments per formula unit, confirming the pseudospin description. These findings demonstrate that water intercalation is a robust strategy for tuning the magnetic properties of honeycomb lattice materials. Overall, this study highlights neutral-molecule insertion as a promising route toward the discovery and engineering of quantum magnets based on layered transition metal oxides.

We investigate the influence of non-zero magnetization on the ground-state phase diagram of the two-component Bose-Hubbard model. Employing a mean-field theoretical framework, both analytically and numerically, we demonstrate that positions and sizes of specific phases on the diagram are magnetization dependent. In particular, non-zero magnetization introduces different Mott insulator phase boundaries for each of the two components. This effect leads to the emergence of a hybrid phase characterized by the coexistence of superfluid in one of the components and Mott insulator in the another one. Our findings highlight the important role of a conserved quantities, which is magnetization here, in reshaping the phase landscape, significantly influencing the stability and emergence of distinct quantum phases.

Quantum algorithms have emerged as a promising tool to solve combinatorial optimization problems. The quantum walk optimization algorithm (QWOA) is one such variational approach that has recently gained attention. In the broader context of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), understanding the expressivity of the ansatz has proven critical for evaluating their performance. A key method to study this aspect involves analyzing the dimension of the dynamic Lie algebra (DLA). In this work, we derive novel upper bounds on the DLA dimension for QWOA applied to arbitrary optimization problems. Specifically, we show that the DLA dimension scales at most quadratically with the number of distinct eigenvalues of the problem Hamiltonian. As a consequence, our bound guarantees a polynomial DLA dimension with respect to the input size for optimization problems in the class $\mathsf{NPO}\text{-}\mathsf{PB}$. This result, coupled with recently established performance bounds for QWOA, allows us to identify complexity-theoretic conditions under which QWOA must be overparameterized to obtain optimal or approximate solutions for $\mathsf{NPO}\text{-}\mathsf{PB}$ problems.

The objective of this paper is twofold. In the first half of the paper, we investigate upper parts of the hyperspace convergences determined by uniform convergence of distance functionals on a bornology under different metrizations of a metrizable space. To do this, a new covering property associated with the underlying bornology is introduced. An independent study of this new covering notion in relation to some well-known notions, such as strong uniform continuity, is also presented. In the second half, we study the infima of hyperspace convergences (induced by distance functionals) determined by a family of (uniformly) equivalent metrics. In particular, we establish the existence of the minimum element for the collection of upper Attouch-Wets convergences corresponding to all equivalent metrics on a metrizable space $X$. We show that such a minimum element exists if and only if $X$ has a compatible Heine-Borel metric. Our findings give several new insights into the theory of hyperspace convergences.

We prove that the symmetric group of degree greater than three cannot be embedded into the Riordan group with coefficients in any commutative ring. We also prove the impossibility to embed finite non-abelian simple groups. As a closely related topic, we show why all truncated Riordan groups are solvable, in stark contrast to the unsolvability of the infinite-sized Riordan groups. Finally, we give an explicit embedding of the alternating group $A_4$ into the Lagrange subgroup with coefficients in a certain commutative ring, and prove that $A_4$ cannot be embedded into a substitution group.

Estimating properties of star clusters from unresolved broadband photometry is a challenging problem that is classically tackled by spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting methods that are based on simple stellar population models. However, because of their exponential scaling, grid-based methods suffer from computational limitations. In addition, nuisance parameters in the model can make the computation of the likelihood function intractable. These limitations can be overcome by modern generative deep learning methods that offer flexible and powerful tools for modeling high-dimensional posterior distributions and fast inference from learned data. We present a normalizing flow approach for the inference of cluster age, mass, and reddening from Hubble Space Telescope broadband photometry. In particular, we explore our network's behavior on an inference problem that has been analyzed in previous works. We used the SED modeling code CIGALE to create a dataset of synthetic photometric observations for $5 \times 10^6$ mock star clusters. Subsequently, this data set was used to train a coupling-based flow in the form of a conditional invertible neural network (cINN) to predict posterior probability distributions for cluster age, mass, and reddening from photometric observations. We predicted cluster parameters for the 'Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS' (PHANGS) Data Release 3 catalog. To evaluate the capabilities of the network, we compared our results to the publicly available PHANGS estimates and found that the estimates agree reasonably well. We demonstrate that normalizing flow methods can be a viable tool for the inference of cluster parameters, and argue that this approach is especially useful when nuisance parameters make the computation of the likelihood intractable and in scenarios that require efficient density estimation.

Resource-efficient, low-depth implementations of quantum circuits remain a promising strategy for achieving reliable and scalable computation on quantum hardware, as they reduce gate resources and limit the accumulation of noisy operations. Here, we propose a low-depth implementation of a class of Hadamard test circuits, complemented by the development of a parameterized quantum ansatz specifically tailored for variational algorithms that exploit the underlying Hadamard test framework. Our findings demonstrate a significant reduction in single- and two-qubit gate counts, suggesting a reliable circuit architecture for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Building on this foundation, we tested our low-depth scheme to investigate the expressive capacity of the proposed parameterized ansatz in simulating nonlinear Burgers' dynamics. The resulting variational quantum states faithfully capture the shockwave feature of the turbulent regime and maintain high overlaps with classical benchmarks, underscoring the practical effectiveness of our framework. Furthermore, we evaluate the effect of hardware noise by modeling the error properties of real quantum processors and by executing the variational algorithm on a trapped-ion-based IBEX Q1 device. The outcomes of our demonstrations highlight the resilience of our low-depth scheme in the turbulent regime, consistently preparing high-fidelity variational states that exhibit strong agreement with classical benchmarks. Our work contributes to the advancement of resource-efficient strategies for quantum computation, offering a robust framework for tackling a range of computationally intensive problems across numerous applications.

Galaxies whose images overlap in the focal plane of a telescope, commonly referred to as blends, are often located at different redshifts. Blending introduces a challenge to weak-lensing cosmology probes since such blends are subject to shear signals from multiple redshifts. This effect can be described by joining shear bias and redshift characterisation in the effective redshift distribution, $n_γ(z)$, which includes the response of apparent shapes of detected objects to shear of galaxies at redshift, $z$. In this work, we propose a novel method to correct $n_γ(z)$ for redshift-mixed blending by emulating the shear response to neighbouring galaxies. We designed a `half-sky-shearing' simulation with Subaru Hyper Suprime Cam (HSC) wide-like specifications, which allowed us to extract the response of a detected object's measured ellipticity to the shearing of neighbouring galaxies among numerous galaxy pairs. We demonstrate the feasibility of accurately emulating these pairwise responses and validate the robustness of our approach under varying observing conditions and galaxy population uncertainties. We find that the effective redshift of sources at the high-redshift tail of the distribution is about 0.05 lower than expected when the effect is not modelled. Given adequately processed image simulations, our correction method can be readily incorporated into future cosmological analyses to mitigate this source of systematic error.

This work addresses Faber-Krahn-type inequalities for quantum dot Dirac operators with nonnegative mass on bounded domains in $\mathbb{R}^2$. We show that this family of inequalities is equivalent to a family of Faber-Krahn-type inequalities for $\overline\partial$-Robin Laplacians. Thanks to this, we prove them in the case of simply connected domains for quantum dot boundary conditions asymptotically close to zigzag boundary conditions. Finally, we also study the case of negative mass.

Primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) can seed additional small-scale matter fluctuations, leading to the formation of dense, early-collapsing dark matter structures known as minihalos. These minihalos may dramatically amplify the dark matter annihilation signal if dark matter is composed of self-annihilating thermal relic particles such as WIMPs. In this work, we analyse the annihilation signal from minihalos with prompt central cusps, $ρ\propto r^{-3/2}$, formed due to the enhanced power spectrum induced by PMFs, using gamma-ray observations of the Virgo cluster. We consider benchmarks motivated by cosmological phase transitions, focusing in particular on the electroweak and QCD transitions, where we assume maximal magnetic energy density and horizon-sized coherence length at generation (upper-limit scenarios). In addition, we include a data-driven case corresponding to the best-fit present-day PMF amplitude inferred from DESI BAO and Planck CMB measurements. Under these assumptions, we find that PMFs can place stringent bounds on WIMP annihilation. Magnetic fields with amplitudes matching the DESI-Planck best-fit values are in strong tension with self-annihilating WIMPs across a wide mass range extending beyond the TeV scale, while the electroweak- and QCD-phase-transition toy-model benchmarks would exclude thermal relics with masses below $300\,\mathrm{GeV}$ and $3\,\mathrm{TeV}$, respectively. Although weaker PMFs would yield weaker annihilation signals, our results demonstrate that whenever PMFs enhance small-scale structure, indirect-detection limits on dark matter must be revisited.

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are a critical tool for cosmology and galactic enrichment, yet the progenitor systems of normal SNe Ia remain a central puzzle. The long-debated single-degenerate (SD) channel, where a white dwarf (WD) accretes mass from a companion, faces major observational conflicts. Here, we present 3D hydrodynamic simulations that resolve these tensions by showing a fundamental dichotomy: accreting WDs predominantly ignite prematurely at sub-Chandrasekhar masses, producing low-energy, incomplete explosions consistent with Type Iax supernovae. Only WDs reaching a narrow mass threshold of 1.37 solar mass undergo complete destruction, characteristic of normal SNe Ia. This "safety valve" mechanism effectively recasts the SD channel as the main pathway to SNe Iax, not normal SNe Ia, providing a unified explanation for the observed scarcity of progenitor signatures in the latter and suggesting alternative channels dominate normal SNe Ia production.

We study the family of operators $\{\mathcal{R}_a\}_{a\in [0,+\infty)}$ associated to the Robin-type problems in a bounded domain $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ $$ \begin{cases} -Δu = f & \text{in } Ω, \\ 2 \bar ν\partial_{\bar z} u + au = 0 & \text{on } \partialΩ, \end{cases} $$ and their dependency on the boundary parameter $a$ as it moves along $[0,+\infty)$. In this regard, we study the convergence of such operators in a resolvent sense. We also describe the eigenvalues of such operators and show some of their properties, both for all fixed $a$ and as functions of the parameter $a$. As shall be seen in more detail in arXiv:2507.18698, the eigenvalues of these operators characterize the positive eigenvalues of quantum dot Dirac operators.

We consider the qubit-qutrit model of self-contained quantum refrigerator and observe the quantum Mpemba effect in its cooling. In this system, the qutrit acts as the refrigerator while the qubit is to be cooled. The entire system is coupled to three bosonic heat baths, due to which the dynamics of the system is governed by a Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad master equation. We investigate the Liouvillian that generates the dynamics of the system and find that it has a block diagonal form. The dynamics of each element of the system's density matrix can be determined by solving the dynamical equation of the corresponding block that contains it. We find that the steady state belongs to the block containing only the diagonal elements in the energy basis. We numerically solve for the steady state and investigate the steady-state cooling over a significant region of the parameter space. Moreover, we demonstrate the quantum Mpemba effect in the refrigerator: a Mpemba state obtained by applying a unitary on the equilibrium state of the system reaches the steady state faster than the equilibrium state, despite the Mpemba state being initially farther away from the steady state. The Mpemba state thus leads to an acceleration in cooling of the cold qubit. We also find that both local and global unitaries on the qubit-qutrit system can generate the Mpemba state. Finally, we study the effect of the system-bath couplings on the Mpemba effect.

Universal quantum computing requires the ability to perform every unitary operation, i.e., evolution operator controllability. In view of developing resource-efficient quantum processing units (QPUs), it is important to determine how many local controls and qubit-qubit couplings are required for controllability. Unfortunately, assessing the controllability of large qubit arrays is a difficult task, due to the exponential scaling of Hilbert space dimension. Here we show that it is sufficient to connect two qubit arrays that are evolution operator controllable by a single entangling two-qubit gate in order to obtain a composite qubit array that is evolution operator controllable. The proof provides a template to build up modular QPUs from smaller building blocks with reduced numbers of local controls and couplings. We illustrate the approach with two examples, consisting of 10, respectively 127 qubits, inspired by IBM quantum processors.

We measure the distribution of matter contained within the emptiest regions of the Universe: cosmic voids. We use the large overlap between the Ultraviolet Near-Infrared Optical Northern Survey (UNIONS) and voids identified in the LOWZ and CMASS catalogues of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) to constrain the excess surface mass density of voids using weak lensing. We present and validate a novel method for computing the Gaussian component of the conventional weak lensing covariance, adapted for use with void studies. We detect the stacked weak lensing void density profile at the $6.2σ$ level, the most significant detection of void lensing from spectroscopically-identified voids to date. We find that large and small voids have different matter density profiles, as expected from numerical studies of void profiles. This difference is significant at the $2.3σ$ level. Comparing the void profile to a measurement of the void-galaxy cross-correlation to test the linearity of the relationship between mass and light, we find good visual agreement between the two, and a galaxy bias factor of $2.45\pm0.36$, consistent with other works. This work represents a promising detection of the lensing effect from underdensities, with the goal of promoting its development into a competitive cosmological probe.

The Lyman-$α$ forest of high redshift quasars is a powerful probe of the late stages of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), particularly through the presence of Gunn-Peterson troughs. These troughs span a broad range of lengths (up to $\sim 100$ Mpc), suggesting large-scale coherent structures in the intergalactic medium. We aim to gain insight into the presence, extent, and magnitude of correlations in the Lyman-$α$ forest at $5<z<6.1$, and to quantify the scales over which correlations are significant to inform on the necessary volume for simulating the EoR. Using the extended XQR-30 dataset and accounting for the relevant systematics, we compute the flux correlation matrix and perform an MCMC analysis to quantify the extent and strength of the correlation. To interpret our results, we compare to $1.5^3,\mathrm{Gpc}^3$ lightcones of Lyman-$α$ transmission fluxes from several reionization scenarios, including a fiducial box employing SCRIPT. We detect strong correlations at $z > 5.3$, extending at least tens of Mpc and strongly increasing with redshift. Our results suggest a redshift-dependent correlation length, from $L \leq 26.53\, (68.47)$ Mpc at 1-$σ$ (2-$σ$) limit at $z = 5.0$ to $L = 252.72^{+272.61}_{-41.61}$ Mpc at $z = 6.1$. In contrast, all simulation models predict shorter correlation lengths ($< 60$ Mpc) and a slower redshift evolution. The presence and redshift-dependence of correlations in the Lyman-$α$ forest on $>200$ Mpc scales at $z=6$ indicates that cosmological simulations should be larger than this scale to adequately sample the Lyman-$α$ forest. Despite implementing a fluctuating UVB and numerous neutral islands at $z<6$, our fiducial SCRIPT-based simulation fails to reproduce the large-scale correlations. It may be that those ingredients are necessary, but not sufficient, to understanding the unfolding of the EoR.

We investigate whether a strongly turbulent flow with intermittent large-scale reorganizations admits a compact state-space description. As a representative high-dimensional chaotic system we consider two-dimensional Rayleigh--Bénard convection at high Rayleigh number, whose dynamics are governed by multiscale interactions and rare reversals of the large-scale circulation. We introduce a multiscale latent dynamical framework in which the temporal evolution is first decomposed into slow and fast components and each is mapped to a nonlinear low-dimensional representation that is evolved by a closed dynamical system, showing that temporal scale separation alone enables an autonomous low-dimensional description of the chaotic dynamics. This strategy reduces the system from an original state space dimension of $O(10^5)$ to a compact 20-dimensional latent space while preserving the essential multiscale dynamics. Our model reproduces the main trends of instantaneous flow structures, Reynolds stresses, energy autocorrelations, and long-time quantities such as angular momentum and wall observables, Furthermore, a waiting time analysis of flow reversals validates the statistical alignment of model prediction and DNS results. The explicit modeling of separate slow and fast branches yields significantly improved accuracy in both short-time flow structures and long-time reversal statistics, compared to single-branch alternatives. These results provide evidence that intermittent turbulent dynamics can evolve on a compact manifold when their intrinsic multiscale structure is respected, offering a route toward reduced dynamical descriptions and prediction of rare events in high-dimensional chaos.

Carousels have become the de-facto standard user interface in online services. However, there is a lack of research in carousels, particularly examining how recommender systems may be designed differently than the traditional single-list interfaces. One of the key elements for understanding how to design a system for a particular interface is understanding how users browse. For carousels, users may browse in a number of different ways due to the added complexity of multiple topic defined-lists and swiping to see more items. Eye tracking is the key to understanding user behavior by providing valuable, direct information on how users see and navigate. In this work, we provide the first extensive analysis of the eye tracking behavior in carousel recommenders under the free-browsing setting. To understand how users browse and model their behavior, we examine the following research questions : 1) where do users start browsing, 2) how do users transition from item to item within the same carousel and across carousels, and 3) how does genre preference impact transitions? This work addresses a gap in the field and provides the first extensive empirical results of eye tracked browsing behavior in carousels for improving recommenders. Taking into account the insights learned from the above questions, our final contribution is to provide takeaways for carousel recommender system designers to better optimize their systems for user browsing behavior. The most important being an improved reordering of the ranked item positions to account for browsing behavior after swiping. These contributions aim not only to help improve current systems, but also to encourage and allow the design of new user models, systems, and metrics that are better suited to the complexity of carousel interfaces.

We continue generalizing Altuğ's work on $\mathsf{GL}_2$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ in the unramified setting for \emph{Beyond Endoscopy} to the ramified case where ramification occurs at $S=\{\infty,q_1,\dots,q_r\}$ with $2\in S$, after generalizing the first step. We establish a new proof of the $1/4$ bound towards the Ramanujan conjecture for the trace of the cuspidal part in the ramified case, which is also provided by adapting Altuğ's original approach. The proof proceeds in three stages: First, we estimate the contributions from the non-elliptic parts of the trace formula. Then, we apply the main result from our the previous work to isolate the $1$-dimensional representations within the elliptic part. Finally, we employ technical analytic estimates to bound the remainder terms in the elliptic part.

Galaxy clusters produce a very hostile environment to galaxies, whose gas gets stripped by ram-pressure, suffer galaxy interactions and witness quenching of their star formation. Clusters, like Abell 2142, grow not only through galaxy accretion but also through group infall. Our goal is to study the physical and dynamical state of the most conspicuous infalling group, on a filament projected at 1.3 Mpc from the Abell 2142 centre. The galaxy group is the leading edge of a spectacular trailing 700-kpc-long X-ray tail of hot gas stripped by ram-pressure. The infalling galaxies are not quenched yet, and are ideal objects to study the transformation processes due to the cluster environment. We use integral field spectroscopy from MaNGA to derive stellar and gas kinematics, and MegaCam for ugr photometry. Stellar populations (with age and metallicity) are obtained through full-spectrum fitting using Nburst. The gas kinematics and excitation are derived from the line emission of H$α$, [NII], [OIII] and H$β$. The group contains four galaxies, of which two are merging and partly superposing on the line of sight. With a simple parametric model for each velocity field, we succeed in disentangling the contribution of each galaxy and derive their physical state and kinematics. The galaxies are perturbed, and intra-group gas is observed as tidal tails and loops. They are mainly disks in rotation, although some regions reveal elevated dispersion, typical of out-of-equilibrium gas. All galaxies show sustained star formation, with a global star formation rate of 45 M$_\odot$/yr. We conclude that the long X-ray tail must have come from the hot intra-group medium, present before the group infall, and does not correspond to the ram-pressure stripping of the galaxy gas. The galaxy interactions within the group are still enhancing the star formation, from the disks that are still rich in dense gas.

Altermagnets constitute a class of collinear magnets with momentum-dependent spin splitting and vanishing net magnetization. Direct observation of the characteristic altermagnetic spin splitting, however, remains challenging. Indirect signatures can be obtained via transport studies, which so far have only considered homogeneous driving fields. We propose to leverage nonuniform electric fields and spin density gradients to probe the shape and the spin polarization of altermagnetic Fermi surfaces via transport measurements. By using both a semiclassical Boltzmann approach and a lattice Keldysh formalism, we show that altermagnets excite swirling electric and spin currents whose profiles depend on the relative orientation of altermagnetic lobes with respect to the sample boundaries. These currents can be measured via magnetometry techniques. Unlike previous proposals considering the hydrodynamic regime of transport, swirling currents are observed even in the Ohmic regime and rely exclusively on the altermagnetic spin splitting, with no swirls observed in ferromagnets. The electric and spin current vortices predicted here provide a different altermagnetic signature in an experimentally accessible setup.

Crystalline topological insulator nanowires with a magnetic flux threaded through their cross section display Aharanov-Bohm conductance oscillations. A characteristic of these oscillations is the perfectly transmitted mode present at certain values of the magnetic flux, due to the appearance of an effective time-reversal symmetry combined with the topological origin of the nanowire surface states. In contrast, amorphous nanowires display a varying cross section along the wire axis that breaks the effective time-reversal symmetry. In this work, we use transport calculations to study the stability of the Aharanov-Bohm oscillations and the perfectly transmitted mode in amorphous topological nanowires. We observe that at low energies and up to moderate amorphicity the transport is dominated, as in the crystalline case, by the presence of a perfectly transmitted mode. In an amorphous nanowire the perfectly transmitted mode is protected by chiral symmetry or, in its absence, by a statistical time-reversal symmetry. At high amorphicities the Aharanov-Bohm oscillations disappear and the conductance is dominated by nonquantized resonant peaks. We identify these resonances as bound states and relate their appearance to a topological phase transition that brings the nanowires into a trivial insulating phase.

We discuss the most general form of Dirac equation in the non$-$Riemannian spacetimes containing curvature, torsion and non$-$metricity. It includes all bases of the Clifford algebra $cl(1,3)$ within the spinor connection. We adopt two approaches. First, the generalized Dirac equation is directly formulated by applying the minimal coupling prescription to the original Dirac equation. It is referred to as the {\it direct Dirac equation} for seek of clarity and to preserve the tractability. Second, through the application of variational calculation to the original Dirac Lagrangian, the resulting Dirac equation is referred to as the {\it variational Dirac equation}. A consistency crosscheck is performed between these two approaches, leading to novel constraints on the arbitrary coupling constants appearing in the covariant derivative of spinor. Following short analysis on the generalized Dirac Lagrangian, it is observed that two of the novel terms give rise to a shift in the spinor mass by sensing its handedness.

This study shows that CrSBr hosts Frenkel-like and Wannier-Mott-like excitons whose distinct spatial character explains their contrasting sensitivity to magnetic order and lattice vibrations, challenging the standard dichotomy in describing excitons.