In this note, the author recalls the Calderon-Zygmund theory on the unit ball and derives the weak (1,1) boundedness of the projection for $\mathcal{H}$-harmonic Bergman space.

In this work, we study a class of elliptic problems involving nonlinear superpositions of fractional operators of the form \[ A_{μ,p}u := \int_{[0,1]} (-Δ)_{p}^{s} u \, dμ(s), \] where $μ$ is a signed measure on $[0,1]$, coupled with nonlinearities of superlinear type. Our analysis covers a variety of superlinear growth assumptions, beginning with the classical Ambrosetti--Rabinowitz condition. Within this framework, we construct a suitable variational setting and apply the Fountain Theorem to establish the existence of infinitely many weak solutions. The results obtained are novel even in the special cases of superpositions of fractional $p$-Laplacians, or combinations of the fractional $p$-Laplacian with the $p$-Laplacian. More generally, our approach applies to finite sums of fractional $p$-Laplacians with different orders, as well as to operators in which fractional Laplacians appear with ``wrong'' signs. A distinctive contribution of the paper lies in providing a unified variational framework that systematically accommodates this broad class of operators.

We analyze topological phase transitions and higher Berry curvature in one-dimensional quantum spin systems, using a framework that explicitly incorporates the symmetry group action on the parameter space. Based on a $G$-compatible discretization of the parameter space, we incorporate both group cochains and parameter-space differentials, enabling the systematic construction of equivariant topological invariants. We derive a fixed-point formula for the higher Berry invariant in the case where the symmetry action has isolated fixed points. This reveals that the phase transition point between Haldane and trivial phases acts as a monopole-like defect where higher Berry curvature emanates. We further discuss hierarchical structures of topological defects in the parameter space, governed by symmetry reductions and compatibility with subgroup structures.

In the present paper, we study the norms for symmetric and antisymmetric tensor products of weighted shift operators. By proving that for $n\geq 2$, $$\|S_α^{l_1}\odot\cdots \odot S_α^{l_k}\odot S_α^{*l_{k+1}}\odot\cdots \odot S_α^{*l_{n}}\| =\mathop{\prod}_{i=1}^n\left \| S_α^{l_{i}}\right\|, \text{ for any} \ (l_1,l_2\cdots l_n)\in\mathbb N^n$$ if and only if the weight satisfies the regularity condition, we partially solve \cite[Problem 6 and Problem 7]{GA}. It will be seen that most weighted shift operators on function spaces, including weighted Bergman shift, Hardy shift, Dirichlet shift, etc, satisfy the regularity condition. Moreover, at the end of the paper, we solve \cite[Problem 1 and Problem 2]{GA}.

We develop a diagrammatic approach to the representation theory of the quantum symmetric pairs corresponding to orthosymplectic Lie superalgebras inside general linear Lie superalgebras. Our approach is based on the disoriented skein category, which we define as a module category over the framed HOMFLYPT skein category. The disoriented skein category admits full incarnation functors to the categories of modules over the iquantum enveloping algebras corresponding to the quantum symmetric pairs, and it can be viewed as an interpolating category for these categories of modules. We define an equivalence of module categories between the disoriented skein category and the iquantum Brauer category (also known as the $q$-Brauer category), after endowing the latter with the structure of a module category over the framed HOMFLYPT skein category. The disoriented skein category has some advantages over the iquantum Brauer category, possessing duality structure and allowing the incarnation functors to be strict morphisms of module categories. Finally, we construct explicit bases for the morphism spaces of the disoriented skein and iquantum Brauer categories.

We give a short proof of the anticyclotomic analogue of the "strong" main conjecture of Kurihara on Fitting ideals of Selmer groups for elliptic curves with good ordinary reduction under mild hypotheses. More precisely, we completely determine the initial Fitting ideal of Selmer groups over finite subextensions of an imaginary quadratic field in its anticyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension in terms of Bertolini--Darmon's theta elements.

Let $p$ be a prime number and let $K$ be a genus one two-bridge knot. In the spirit of arithmetic topology, we observe that if $p$ divides the size of the 1st homology group of some odd-th cyclic branched cover of the knot $K$, then its group $π_1(S^3-K)$ admits a liminal ${\rm SL}_2\mathbb{Z}_p$-character, where $\mathbb{Z}_p$ denotes the ring of $p$-adic integers. In addition, we discuss the existence of liminal ${\rm SL}_2\mathbb{Z}_p$-representations and give a remark on a general two-bridge knot. In the course of argument, we also point out a constraint for prime numbers dividing certain Lucas-type sequences by using the Legendre symbols.

We study positivity and probabilistic properties arising from the Young--Fibonacci lattice $\mathbb{YF}$, a 1-differential poset on binary (Fibonacci) words of 1's and 2's, graded by digit sum. Building on Okada's theory of clone Schur functions (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 346 (1994), 549--568), we define clone coherent measures on $\mathbb{YF}$ that generate random Fibonacci words of increasing length; unlike for the Young lattice (powered by the classical Schur functions), clone coherent measures are generally not extremal on $\mathbb{YF}$. Our first main result is a complete characterization of Fibonacci positive specializations -- parameter sequences which yield positive clone Schur functions on $\mathbb{YF}$. Second, we connect Fibonacci positivity with: (i) total positivity of tridiagonal matrices; (ii) Stieltjes moment sequences; (iii) the combinatorics of set partitions; and (iv) families of univariate orthogonal polynomials from the (q-)Askey scheme. We further link moment sequences of orthogonal polynomials to combinatorial structures on Fibonacci words, a connection that may be of independent interest. Third, we analyze scaling limits of the induced random words, obtaining stick-breaking-type limits (linked to GEM laws), new dependent stick-breaking limits, and limits supported on the discrete part of the Martin boundary of $\mathbb{YF}$. These results significantly extend the asymptotics of the Plancherel measure on $\mathbb{YF}$ proved by Gnedin--Kerov (Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 129 (2000), 433--446). Finally, we prove Cauchy-type identities for clone Schur functions with quadridiagonal-determinant right-hand side (in contrast to the product form for classical Schur functions), and construct models of random permutations and involutions from Fibonacci-positive specializations together with a Robinson--Schensted correspondence adapted to $\mathbb{YF}$.

When numerically simulating the unitary time evolution of an infinite-dimensional quantum system, one is usually led to treat the Hamiltonian $H$ as an "infinite-dimensional matrix" by expressing it in some orthonormal basis of the Hilbert space, and then truncate it to some finite dimensions. However, the solutions of the Schrödinger equations generated by the truncated Hamiltonians need not converge, in general, to the solution of the Schrödinger equation corresponding to the actual Hamiltonian. In this paper we demonstrate that, under mild assumptions, they converge to the solution of the Schrödinger equation generated by a specific Hamiltonian which crucially depends on the particular choice of basis: the Friedrichs extension of the restriction of $H$ to the space of finite linear combinations of elements of the basis. Importantly, this is generally different from $H$ itself; in all such cases, numerical simulations will unavoidably reproduce the wrong dynamics in the limit, and yet there is no numerical test that can reveal this failure, unless one has the analytical solution to compare with. As a practical demonstration of such results, we consider the quantum particle in the box, and we show that, for a wide class of bases (which include associated Legendre polynomials as a concrete example) the dynamics generated by the truncated Hamiltonians will always converge to the one corresponding to the particle with Dirichlet boundary conditions, regardless the initial choice of boundary conditions. Other such examples are discussed.

Quantum memories are a crucial precondition in many protocols for processing quantum information. A fundamental problem that illustrates this statement is given by the task of channel discrimination, in which an unknown channel drawn from a known random ensemble should be determined by applying it for a single time. In this paper, we characterise the quality of channel discrimination protocols when the quantum memory, quantified by the auxiliary dimension, is limited. This is achieved by formulating the problem in terms of separable quantum states with additional affine constraints that all of their factors in each separable decomposition obey. We discuss the computation of upper and lower bounds to the solutions of such problems which allow for new insights into the role of memory in channel discrimination. In addition to the single-copy scenario, this methodological insight allows to systematically characterise quantum and classical memories in adaptive channel discrimination protocols. Especially, our methods enabled us to identify channel discrimination scenarios where classical or quantum memory is required, and to identify the hierarchical and non-hierarchical relationships within adaptive channel discrimination protocols.

We show that, under certain assumptions, strongly finitary enriched monads are given by discrete enriched Lawvere theories. On the other hand, monads given by discrete enriched Lawvere theories preserve surjections.

We establish improved complexity estimates of quantum algorithms for linear dissipative ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and show that the time dependence can be fast-forwarded to be sub-linear. Specifically, we show that a quantum algorithm based on truncated Dyson series can prepare history states of dissipative ODEs up to time $T$ with cost $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(\log(T) (\log(1/ε))^2 )$, which is an exponential speedup over the best previous result. For final state preparation at time $T$, we show that its complexity is $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(\sqrt{T} (\log(1/ε))^2 )$, achieving a polynomial speedup in $T$. We also analyze the complexity of simpler lower-order quantum algorithms, such as the forward Euler method and the trapezoidal rule, and find that even lower-order methods can still achieve $\widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(\sqrt{T})$ cost with respect to time $T$ for preparing final states of dissipative ODEs. As applications, we show that quantum algorithms can simulate dissipative non-Hermitian quantum dynamics and heat processes with fast-forwarded complexity sub-linear in time.

In this paper, we classify irregular threefolds with numerically trivial canonical divisors in positive characteristic. For such a variety, if its Albanese dimension is not maximal, then the Albanese morphism will induce a fibration which either maps to a curve or is fibered by curves. In practice, we treat arbitrary dimensional irregular varieties with either one dimensional Albanese fiber or one dimensional Albanese image. We prove that such a variety carries another fibration transversal to its Albanese morphism (a "bi-fibration" structure), which is an analog structure of bielliptic or quasi-bielliptic surfaces. In turn, we give an explicit description of irregular threefolds with trivial canonical divisors.

For which choices of $X,Y,Z\in\{Σ^1_1,Π^1_1\}$ does no sufficiently strong $X$-sound and $Y$-definable extension theory prove its own $Z$-soundness? We give a complete answer, thereby delimiting the generalizations of Gödel's second incompleteness theorem that hold within second-order arithmetic.

Sampling from Gibbs states -- states corresponding to system in thermal equilibrium -- has recently been shown to be a task for which quantum computers are expected to achieve super-polynomial speed-up compared to classical computers, provided the locality of the Hamiltonian increases with the system size (Bergamaschi et al., arXiv: 2404.14639). We extend these results to show that this quantum advantage still occurs for Gibbs states of Hamiltonians with O(1)-local interactions at constant temperature by showing classical hardness-of-sampling and demonstrating such Gibbs states can be prepared efficiently using a quantum computer. In particular, we show hardness-of-sampling is maintained even for 5-local Hamiltonians on a 3D lattice. We additionally show that the hardness-of-sampling is robust when we are only able to make imperfect measurements.

Commutator blueprints can be seen as blueprints for constructing RGD-systems over $\mathbb{F}_2$ with prescribed commutation relations. In this paper we construct several families of Weyl-invariant commutator blueprints, mostly of universal type. Together with the main result of \cite{BiRGD} we obtain new examples of exotic RGD-systems of universal type over $\mathbb{F}_2$.

Mančinska and Roberson [FOCS'20] showed that two graphs are quantum isomorphic if and only if they admit the same number of homomorphisms from any planar graph. Atserias et al. [JCTB'19] proved that quantum isomorphism is undecidable in general, which motivates the study of its relaxations. In the classical setting, Roberson and Seppelt [ICALP'23] characterized the feasibility of each level of the Lasserre hierarchy of semidefinite programming relaxations of graph isomorphism in terms of equality of homomorphism counts from an appropriate graph class. The NPA hierarchy, a noncommutative generalization of the Lasserre hierarchy, provides a sequence of semidefinite programming relaxations for quantum isomorphism. In the quantum setting, we show that the feasibility of each level of the NPA hierarchy for quantum isomorphism is equivalent to equality of homomorphism counts from an appropriate class of planar graphs. Combining this characterization with the convergence of the NPA hierarchy, and noting that the union of these classes is the set of all planar graphs, we obtain a new proof of the result of Mančinska and Roberson [FOCS'20] that avoids the use of quantum groups. Moreover, this homomorphism indistinguishability characterization also yields a randomized polynomial-time algorithm deciding exact feasibility of each fixed level of the NPA hierarchy of SDP relaxations for quantum isomorphism.

We prove two-sided bounds on the expected values of several geometric functionals of the convex hull of Brownian motion in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and their inverse processes. This extends some recent results of McRedmond and Xu (2017), Jovalekić (2021), and Cygan, Šebek, and the first author (2023) from the plane to higher dimensions. Our main result shows that the average time required for the convex hull in $\mathbb{R}^n$ to attain unit volume is at most $n\sqrt[n]{n!}$. The proof relies on a novel procedure that embeds an $n$-simplex of prescribed volume within the convex hull of the Brownian path run up to a certain stopping time. All of our bounds capture the correct order of asymptotic growth or decay in the dimension $n$.

We study the Beilinson-Bloch heights of Ceresa and Gross-Schoen cycles in families. We construct that for any $g\ge 3$, a Zariski open dense subset $\mathcal{M}_g^{\mathrm{amp}}$ of $\mathcal{M}_g$, the coarse moduli of curves of genus $g$ over $\mathbb{Q}$, such that the heights of Ceresa cycles and Gross-Schoen cycles over $\mathcal{M}_g^{\mathrm{amp}}$ have a lower bound and satisfy the Northcott property.

Let $G$ be an affine algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic. Recent work of Hardesty, Nakano, and Sobaje gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of so-called mock injective $G$-modules, that is, modules which are injective upon restriction to all Frobenius kernels of $G$. In this paper, we give analogous results for contramodules, including showing that the same necessary and sufficient conditions on $G$ guarantee the existence of mock-projective contramodules. In order to do this we first develop contramodule analogs to many well-known (co)module constructions.

In this article we establish fine results on the boundary behavior of solutions to nonlocal equations in $C^{k,γ}$ domains which satisfy local Neumann conditions on the boundary. Such solutions typically blow up at the boundary like $v \asymp d^{s-1}$ and are sometimes called large solutions. In this setup we prove optimal regularity results for the quotients $v/d^{s-1}$, depending on the regularity of the domain and on the data of the problem. The results of this article will be important in a forthcoming work on nonlocal free boundary problems.

We construct a reflexive Banach space $X_\mathcal{D}$ with an unconditional basis such that all spreading models admitted by normalized block sequences in $X_\mathcal{D}$ are uniformly equivalent to the unit vector basis of $\ell_1$, yet every infinite-dimensional closed subspace of $X_\mathcal{D}$ fails the Lebesgue property. This is a new result in a program initiated by Odell in 2002 concerning the strong separation of asymptotic properties in Banach spaces.

Inspired by the work of Bourgain and Garaev (2013), we provide new bounds for certain weighted bilinear Kloosterman sums in polynomial rings over a finite field. As an application, we build upon and extend some results of Sawin and Shusterman (2022). These results include bounds for exponential sums weighted by the Möbius function and a level of distribution for irreducible polynomials beyond 1/2, with arbitrary composite modulus. Additionally, we can do better when averaging over the modulus, to give an analogue of the Bombieri-Vinogradov Theorem with a level of distribution even further beyond 1/2.

In this paper, we investigate locally finitely presented pure semisimple (hereditary) Grothendieck categories. We show that every locally finitely presented pure semisimple (resp., hereditary) Grothendieck category A is equivalent to the category of left modules over a left pure semisimple (resp., left hereditary) ring when Mod(fp(A)) is a QF-3 category and every representable functor in Mod(fp(A)) has finitely generated essential socle. In fact, we show that there exists a bijection between Morita equivalence classes of left pure semisimple (resp., left hereditary) rings $Λ$ and equivalence classes of locally finitely presented pure semisimple (resp., hereditary) Grothendieck categories A that Mod(fp(A)) is a QF-3 category and every representable functor in Mod(fp(A)) has finitely generated essential socle. To prove this result, we study left pure semisimple rings by using Auslander's ideas. We show that there exists, up to equivalence, a bijection between the class of left pure semisimple rings and the class of rings with nice homological properties. These results extend the Auslander and Ringel-Tachikawa correspondence to the class of left pure semisimple rings. As a consequence, we give several equivalent statements to the pure semisimplicity conjecture.

New, doubling proofs are given for the interior Hessian estimates of the special Lagrangian equation. These estimates were originally shown by Chen-Warren-Yuan in CPAM 2009 and Wang-Yuan in AJM 2014. This yields a higher codimension analogue of Korevaar's 1987 pointwise proof of the gradient estimate for minimal hypersurfaces, without using the Michael-Simon mean value inequality.

In this paper, we give a complete coarse classification of strongly exceptional Legendrian realizations of connected sum of two Hopf links in contact 3-spheres. This is the first classification result about exceptional Legendrian representatives for connected sums of link families.

In this paper, we study the algebra of Veronese type. We show that the presentation ideal of this algebra has an initial ideal whose Alexander dual has linear quotients. As an application, we explicitly obtain the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the Veronese type algebra. Furthermore, we give an effective upper bound on the multiplicity of this algebra.

This work concerns generators for the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves over a noetherian scheme $X$ of prime characteristic. The main result is that when the Frobenius map on $X$ is finite, for any compact generator $G$ of $\mathsf{D}(X)$ the Frobenius pushforward $F ^e_*G$ generates the bounded derived category whenever $p^e$ is larger than the codepth of $X$, an invariant that is a measure of the singularity of $X$. The conclusion holds for all positive integers $e$ when $X$ is locally complete intersection. The question of when one can take $G=\mathcal{O}_X$ is also investigated. For smooth projective complete intersections it reduces to a question of generation of the Kuznetsov component.

By employing the external Kasparov product, Hawkins, Skalski, White and Zacharias constructed spectral triples on crossed product C$^\ast$-algebras by equicontinuous actions of discrete groups. They further raised the question for whether their construction turns the respective crossed product into a compact quantum metric space in the sense of Rieffel. By introducing the concept of groups separated with respect to a given length function, we give an affirmative answer in the case of virtually Abelian groups equipped with certain orbit metric length functions. We further complement our results with a discussion of natural examples such as generalized Bunce-Deddens algebras and higher-dimensional non-commutative tori.

We study the $L^p$ regularity of the Bergman projection $P$ over the symmetrized polydisc in $\mathbb C^n$. We give a decomposition of the Bergman projection on the polydisc and obtain an operator equivalent to the Bergman projection over anti-symmetric function spaces. Using it, we obtain the $L^p$ irregularity of $P$ for $p=\frac{2n}{n-1}$ which also implies that $P$ is $L^p$ bounded if and only if $p\in (\frac{2n}{n+1},\frac{2n}{n-1})$.